基于单片机的煤气泄漏报警系统设计_毕业设计论文

I摘 要

煤气已成为人们生活中必不可少的能源了，煤气泄漏时有发生，煤气泄漏使人中毒，可

能会发生爆炸，给人们的人身安全和财产安全带来了很多隐患，所以防止煤气泄漏检测装

置已成为人们迫切的需要，为此开发煤气泄漏报警检测装置是非常必要的。

计算机以及单片机的普及和信息技术的迅猛发展，人们已经对家庭住宅环境提出了更

高的要求，智能化、信息化被引入家庭，便利，舒适而且更加安全。家庭智能化的定义，在国际上至今尚无一致的理念，在现代化的城乡住宅小区中和采

用微型计算机、自控装置、通信等技术，建立一个物业管理中心与安全防护监控系统，最终

的目的是使每一个祝贺得到满足其要求的最佳方案。这些足以表明人们最注重的还是安全

。而且国家建设部规定，目前住宅小区应实现六项智能化要求，其中就包括实行安全防范系

统自动化监控管理；防盗报警系统应安红外或微波与煤气泄漏报警器等各种类型报警装置，基于此项规定，煤气泄漏检测报警装置实现智能化势在必行。

本系统主要针对传统煤气，液化气的泄漏进行检测，报警。本系统有如下特点：用单片

机实现控制，电路简单、价格便宜、可靠性好。采用增强型51单片机，MQ-

2气体传感器，煤气泄漏是会发出灯光和声音的报警，因此本系统可作为智能家居的一个安

全系统！

关键词：煤气泄漏；单片机；气体传感器

IIAbstractGas has become an essential energy in people's lives, Gas leak incident occasionally, gas leak can make people explode, brought a lot of hidden dangers to personal safety and property security of people, so to prevent the gas leak detectionthe device has become an urgent need, for the development of the gas leak alarm detection devices is necessary.The popularity of computer and microcontroller, and the rapid development of IT, people have been raised on the family residential environment a higher demand intelligence, information was introduced to the family, convenient, comfortable and more secure.The definition of the family of intelligent, in the international community so far there is no consistent philosophy in the modern urban and rural residential area and the use of micro-computer, automatic control devices, communication technologies such as the establishment of a property management center and the security monitoring system, the ultimate aim is each congratulate get the best solution to meet their requirements. These are sufficient to show that the security focus. The provisions of the Ministry of Construction, the residential area should achieve six intelligent, including the implementation of the automated monitoring and management of security system; burglar alarm system should be infrared or microwave, gas leak alarms, and other types of alarm devices, based on this paragraph, gas leak detection alarm device intelligence is imperative.This system is mainly for conventional gas, liquefied petroleum gas leak detection, alarm. This system has the following characteristics: with MCU control circuit is simple, cheap, and good reliability. Enhanced 51 microcontroller, the MQ-2 gas sensors, gas leak emits light and sound the alarm, this system can be used as a smart home security system!

Keywords: gas leak; microcontroller; gas sensor

目录

1 引言...............................................................11.1 煤气泄漏检测报警装置的背景及意义...............................................................1

1.2 煤气泄漏报警器的现状.......................................................................................2

1.3 设计任务...............................................................................................................3

2 煤气泄漏检测报警装置的方案设计.....................................42.1 设计思想...............................................................................................................4

2.2 气体传感器的选型...............................................................................................4

2.2.1气体传感器介绍…………………………………………………………4

2.2.2气体传感器的选定………………………………………………………7

2.3 煤气泄露报警系统的整体设计方案...................................................................8

III2.3.1煤气泄露报警器工作原理………………………………………………8

2.3.2煤气泄露报警器的结构…………………………………………………8

2.4 装置功能说明.......................................................................................................9

2.5装置主体图............................................................................................................9

3煤气泄漏检测报警装置的硬件部分设计..............................103.1 STC12C5A60S2系列单片机简介.....................................................................10

3.2 STC12C5A60S2系列单片机的内部结构.........................................................12

3.2.1 管脚说明……………………………………………………………….12

3.2.2引脚电路的连接………………………………………………………..14

3.2.3 振荡器特性…………………………………………………………….15

3.3 单片机领域前景及发展状况.............................................................................15

3.4 STC12C5A60S2系列单片机最小应用系统.....................................................16

3.4.1 电源电路……………………………………………………………….16

3.4.2 时钟电路……………………………………………………………….17

3.4.3 复位电路……………………………………………………………….18

3.5 传感器电路.........................................................................................................19

3.5.1 MQ-2传感器介绍……………………………………………………...19

3.5.2 传感器电路的连接…………………………………………………….21

3.6 显示电路.............................................................................................................21

3.7 串口下载模块.....................................................................................................22

3.7.1 关于 RS-232…………………………………………………………...22