推理判断题增分点(一)——细节推断
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
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28．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
[解析]选B根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe th at 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。
[干扰项分析]根据选段第二句可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D两项错误；根据本段内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。
[增分技巧]细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。
解答这类题的一般步骤是：
(1)定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点；
(2)字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意思；
(3)深层理解：结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。
细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets —as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
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32. What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environment-friendly.
B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
解析：选A根据选段最后一句中的“these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，由此可推知新的设备更节能、更环保。
B(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C节选)
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When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
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30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A．E-books are of poor quality.
B．It could be a waste of time.
C．It may harm children’s health.
D．E-readers are expensive.
解析：选C根据选段最后一句中的“many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的
