四级词汇讲义考研资料

专业四级辅导词汇讲义第一节概述历年词汇题共计212道。

测试重点为固定搭配短语，形容词和副词，动词及名词。

重点词汇大约848个，其中固定短语252个，形容词和副词236个，动词184个，名词176个。

关键：做好真题！！考题类型：短语搭配，异形异义，异形近义，近形异义，近形近义第二节短语搭配63道题，252个搭配(注意介词的特定含义)常用动词：get，take，put，entitle，hand，carry，come，draw，keep，stand，pa y，look，suppose，possess，throw，pull，bring，dispose，admit，intend，absor b，engross，involve，do，preside，catch，work，fall，fit，prefer，reduce，part，make。

（30 questions）常用介词：as，by，with，without，in，on，for，of，to，over，off （17 questi ons）专考：so，such （5 questions）其他：111．The old couple would never _____ the loss of their son. (2002)A. get overB. get awayC. get offD. get across2. My mother can’t get _____ because she has rheumatism. (2000)A. aboutB. onC. throughD. in3. Most people can’t get _____ the day wit hout at least one cup of tea of cof fee. (1995)A. onB. throughC. overD. by4. Half the excuses she gives are not true, but she always seems to _____ the m. (1996)A. get on withB. get away withC. get up fromD. get in on5. Isn’t i t time you _____ some serious work before the examination?A. got down toB. took up withC. got off withD. put down to6. As the drug took _____ the patient became quieter. (1995)A. forceB. effectC. actionD. influence7. I was very much put _____ by Mark’s rude behavior, it really annoyed me. (2000)A. overB. offC. upD. by8. The membership card entitled him _____ certain privileges in the club. (199 8)A. onB. inC. atD. to9. She refused to _____ the door key to the landlady until she got back her d eposit. (1999)A. hand inB. hand outC. hand downD. hand over10. If he _____ in that way for much longer he will find himself in the bank ruptcy court. (1996)A. carries onB. carries offC. carried byD. carried away11. Am I to understand that his new post _____ no responsibility with it at al l?A. keepsB. supportsC. carriesD. possesses12. Very few scientists _____ with completely new answers to the world’s pro blems. (1996)A. come toB. come roundC. come onD. come up13. The plans for the building were _____ a few months ago. (1993)A. drawn onB. drawn backC. drawn outD. drawn up14. Although the false bank-notes fooled many people, they did not _____ to close examination. (1996)A. look upB. pay upC. keep upD. stand up15. Because of his poor health, it took him a long time to throw _____ his b ad cold. (1995)A. offB. awayC. downD. over16. Mr. Brown’s condi tion looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will pull _____. (1995)A. upB. throughC. outD. back17. In the next few years major changes will be _____ in China’s industries. (1994)A. brought forwardB. brought aboutC. brought onD. brought up18. Please dispose _____ those old newspapers while you’re cleaning up the r oom. (1994)A. outB. ofC. awayD. in19. This question admits _____ several answers. (1992)A. forB. withC. ofD. to20. He was s o _____ on his work that he didn’t hear her come in. (1994)A. intentB. absorbedC. engrossedD. involved21. The Christmas presents were all _____ in shiny paper. (1994)A. done overB. done withC. done outD. done up22. Mr. Anderson presided _____ the board meeting on behalf of the Chairma n. (1993)A. atB. overC. onD. in23. The album might well have _____ had it been less expensive. (1993)A. worked outB. fallen throughC. caught onD. fitted in24. The children prefer camping in the mountains _____ an indoor activity. (1 998)A. toB. thanC. forD. with25. During the famine, many people were _____ to going without food for da ys. (2001)A. sunk D. reduced C. forced D. declined26. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to _____ with some of her mos t treasured possessions. (2001)A. divideB. separateC. partD. abandon27. For the success of the project, the company should _____ the most of the opportunities at hand. (1998)A. obtainB. graspC. catchD. make28. As my exams are coming next week, I’ll take advantage of the weekend t o _____ on some reading. (2004)A. catch upB. clear upC. make upD. pick up29. He will have to _____ his indecent behaviour one day. (2003)A. answer toB. answer forC. answer backD. answer about30. Whenever possible, Ina ____ how well he speaks Japanese. (2003)A. shows upB. shows aroundC. shows offD. shows out1.You needn’t wor ry _____ regards the cost of the operation. (2001)A. withB. whichC. asD. about2. I only know the man by _____ but I have never spoken to him. (2001)A. chanceB. heartC. sightD. experience3. His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in _____ to his inc ome. (2001)A. comparisonB. proportionC. associationD. calculation4. You must let me have the annual report without _____ by ten o’clock tom orrow morning. (2000)A. failureB. hesitationC. troubleD. fail5. As the director can’t come to the reception, I’m representing the company _ ____. (2000)A. on his accountB. on his behalfC. for his partD. in his in terest6. The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement _____ five separ ate unions has led to long negotiations. (1999)A. overB. uponC. inD. with7. The office has to be shut down _____ funds. (1996)A. being a lack ofB. from back ofC. to a lack ofD. for lac k of8. She may be _____ experience, but she learns quickly. (1993)A. lackingB. lacking inC. in need forD. in lack of9. The ticket taker at the football game tore the tickets _____. (1993)A. in halfB. by halfC. in halvesD. at half10. _____ all probability nobody would have complained if Mary had not told the neighbours about it. (1992)A. ToB. InC. ForD. At11. The police let him go, because they didn’t find him guilty _____ the mur der. (1999)A. ofB. inC. overD. on12. The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 _____ 4 in last year’s CFA Cup Final. (1999)A. overB. inC. toD. against13. They had a pleasant chat _____ a cup of coffee. (1995)run: yes"> C. during D. over14. A ship with a heavy load of timber is reported to have sunk _____ the c oast of California. (1994)A. offB. onC. atD. in15. Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are _____ conventional conc erns in planning marketing strategies. (2004)A. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. a mong the many of16. He plays tennis to the _____ of all other sports. (2004)A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion17. At three thousands fee, wide plains begin to appear and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not _____. (2003)A. on viewB. at a glanceC. on the sceneD. in sightget on get about get across get ahead get along get along with get atget away get away with get back at get by get down to get in get i nto get offget on get on to get out get round get togethertake after take apart take away take down take in take off take on t ake outtake over take to take upput across put aside put away put down put forward put in put off put on put output through put up put up withentitlehand down hand in hand on hand out hand overcarry away carry off carry on carry out carry throughcome about come along come across come at come before come by come down oncome into come off come on come out come round come round to come throughcome to come up come up against come up to come up withdraw aside draw back draw in draw into draw on draw out draw upkeep at keep back keep down keep off keep to keep upstand by stand for stand out stand up for stand up topay back pay for pay off pay out pay uplook at look back look back on look down on look in look into lo ok on look overlook round look through look to look up look up tosupposesubject topossessthrow off throw up throw awaypull down pull in pull off pull out pull through put upbring about bring back bring down bring forward bring out bring r oundbring through bring together bring updisposeadmit of admit tointend toabsord inengrossinvolve indo away with do down do for do with do without do uppresidecatch at catch on catch up withwork out work upfall in fall to fall back on fall behind fall for fall in with fall int o fall off fall out fall through fall tofitprefer toreducepartmake away with make for make of make off make out make up m ake up formake up to make wayas a rule as best one can as concerns as follows as for as to as rega rdsby accident by air by all means by all nerves by and by by and larg e by chanceby far by heart by means of by mistake by night by request by turnsby virtue of by way ofwith regard to with respect to with the view ofin a sense in accordance with in all in any case(event) in charge of in c ommon in comparison with in consequence in debt to sb indetail in di fficulties in effectin face of in faith in force in full in half in light of in line (with) i n no casein no time in one’s honour in part in particular in person in place in proportion toin public in question in regard to in return in season in session in short in sightin step in terms of in the end in the heat of in the least in the long r un in the name of in the negative in the way in turn in vain in vie w of in useon a large scale on account of on an average on balance on behalf of on businesson condition that on credit on display on duty on earth on end on fire on no accounton occasion on one’s own on principle on purpose on relief on sale on the nailon second thoughts on the contrary on the grounds of on the lips of on the run on the side on the spot on the table on the turn on viewfor ages for good for life for sale for sure for the best for the better for the futurefor the time beingof one’s own of itselfto a day to date to say nothing of to some extent to the contrary to the life to the limitto the number of to the pointoveroff and on off balance off dutyso much so that其他固定搭配1.I can’t go --- for one thing, I have no money, and _____, I have too much work.A. what’s moreB. as wellC. for anotherD. in addition2._____ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not cal ling onD. Why not call on3.He was _____ to tell the truth even to his closest friend. (2001)A. too much of a cowardB. too much the cowardC. a coward enoughD. enough of a coward4.He’s _____ as a “bellyacher”---he’s always comp laining about something.(1999)A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known5.I felt that I was not yet ____ to travel abroad. (1997)A. too strongB. strong enoughC. so strongD. enough strong6.You’d better look at the difficulty _____. (1995)A. the other wayB. by the other wayC. another wayD. by anothe r way7.She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them_____ conspicuous. (1994)A. all the moreB. all the muchC. all moreD. all much8.She said she would work it out herself _____ ask me for help. (1993)A. and not toB. but notC. and prefer notD. rather than9._____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997)A. Instead of his contributionsB. For all his notable contributionsC. His making notable contributionsD. However his notable contributions10.______ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.A. UnlessB. But forC. Except forD. Not for第三节动词动词词义辨析是词汇考试的重点. 每年平均考题为3.54道. 以往考试中动词词义辨析试题总计46题, 约184个常用单词.Involve include combine containResult assure entail accomplishObtain improve benefit continueChallenge obstructed resist struggleAssemble ariserise resultConfess declare claim confirmUse apply try practiceAssign tackle realize solveFrustrate prevent discourage accomplishPreside introduce chair dominateSwerve twist depart swingVisit travel watch tourExchange transfer convey convertEngage devote seek pursueOriginate stem derive descendPause halt repel keepResign surrender release abandon Ensure examine verify testify Force press provide poseRefrain prevent resist restrainAvoid prohibit reject repell Change adapt modify confirm Depart abandon vacate displace Inform notify instruct acquaint Reject deny withheld depriveFaint pale bleach fadeShrink shorten contract condense Punch slap knock whipRinse wipe sweep scrubAppeal claim beg pleadTurn change float fluctuate Discover uncover tell disclose Dismiss discharge expel resignReduce refresh release recover Disfavour dispel disqualify dismiss Acknowledge afford allow account Spin shiver shake staggerArouse arise raise riseSkate skid slid slipSpread separate splash scatter Recover renew restore replace Discard dispel dispose discharge Drain drop spill dripRecover restore renew revive第四节副词，形容词词义辨析平均每年测试4.54. 试题总计59道, 约236个常用词异形异义relevant simultaneous consistent practical restless skill strong versatiledistant slim unlikely narrowconsistently consequently invariably fortunately exploit controversial inexhaustible remarkable uninformative startling harmless uncontrollable promising agreeing pleasing obligingindicative positive revealing evidentconcerning dependent connecting relevant similar singular different separateprofound productive prosperous plentiful thereof thereby thereabouts thereafter异形近义load crowd fill squeezeonly quite narrowly seldomnormal average usual generalaverage common usual normalempty vacant free desertempty blank desert vacantnearly hardly merely barelyeconomic thrifty frugal carefuleconomic miserly disgusted playfulurgent instant prompt hastyviolently severely extremely radicallyeternal infinite ceaseless everlastingnumerous vast most massivequiet silent mute speechlessstale smoke misty wetproficient outstanding prominent experiencedabsorbed attentive consumed intentbase prime raw roughrare unusual extraordinary uniqueinvaluable priceless unworthy worthlessadapted equipped suited fittedvibrant violent energetic full形似异义substantial spontaneous simultaneous synthetic regretful regrettable regretting regrettedconfidentially proudly assuredly confidently subsequently successively predominantly preliminarily respectable respectful respective respecting considered considerate considerable considering honest honored honorary honorificsensible sensitive tough reasonableinsensitive allergic sensible infectedimagining imaginative imaginable imaginary neglectful negligible neglected negligentunjustified unjust misguided unacceptedlatter latest later lastfavoured favourable favourite favouringeloquent effective emotional emphatic形似近义special peculiar particular specificexceedingly excessively extensively exclusively worthless invaluable unworthy priceless insistent persistent consistent resistant intermediate middle medium mid第五节名词词义辨析平均3.38道, 共计44道题, 约176个常用名词.异形异义air mood area climatetrouble obscurity ignorance misgivings practice intention state occasionreaction comment impression comprehension limit loss poverty scarcity异形近义award compensation prize rewardapplication bid proposal suggestionpieces essays fragments extractsdifference distinction comparison division separation division distinction difference order form state circumstanceorigin generation descent causeway track road lanepreparation requirement specification provision move step speed paceaffair luck event chanceremark warning notice attentionannoyance offence resentment irritation intention interest wish  desireblank space pause waiteffort strength attempt forceaccess entrance way pathlandlord tenant client proprietor nuisance disturbance trouble annoyance vision idea imagination illusionwork career post employment proficiency capability strength capacity spot mark stain patchways possibility plan meanshint mention clue commentquery hint thought cluejunk litter scrap depositcommemorate memorise remember remind hold grip grasp seizurebarn stable kennel shedcapacity opening range scopesign mark signal boardsheets scrap page slicedisgust curse grudge hatredoutline reference frame outlookfurniture furnitures possession possessionsdisapproval distaste dissatisfaction dismay glance glimpse glare gleamword。

2012年新编读真题例句记高频大学考研英语专业四级考试单词词汇英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 1一、真题文章The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listene匚The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission---reception system breaks down.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.二、译文与语言相关的，可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。

专业英语四级考试词汇讲义词汇题第一节从词性方面对考题的分析词汇的考点1.词性考点（1）动词词性辨析第一动词是否及物第二及物动词是加一个宾语还是两个宾语还是加宾语加宾补双宾：及物动词+ somebody + something宾语加宾补：及物动词+名词/代词+名词/do/ doing /to do/形容词动词+ something + done例：63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favour.D. She is teaching children English.在记动词时，注意记熟词僻意现象。

strike n.罢工vt. 敲击，撞击，点火vi.（疾病/灾难）侵袭（2）名词词性辨析（3）形容词词性辨析熟悉的词变形容词，词义和原词意会有很大差别（4）副词词性辨析注意熟词僻意现象例：72. I must leave now. _______,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.[A] Accidentally [B] Incidentally [C] Eventually [D] Naturally76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did _______.A. absolutelyB. accidentallyC. accordinglyD. accurately（5）固定搭配例：67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the end of the _________.[A] battle [B] day [C] road [D] tunnel55. Mary hopes to be ________ from hospital next week.[A] dismissed [B] discharged [C] expelled [D] resigned（6）短语辨析第二节从词型和词义方面对考题的分析词汇考点：单词和短语一单词考法1.同义词，近义词，含义比较看read (看书，看报) /watch（看电视）/see（看电影）/look at（看黑板）听listen to（听音乐）/ hear （听见某人说话）说speak（说阴雨）/say（说再见）/tell（说故事）/talk（大家说）/ utter（说话声，发声）2.形近词辨析3.纯单词辨析4.形近意近词辨析ensure ensure sb. sth.ensure (that) 句子assure assure sb. ofassure (that) 句子guarantee guarantee to doguarantee for sth.guarantee (that)句子insure insure against二短语考法1.短语辨析2.固定搭配3.俚语习语听力中听到什么不选什么（have a ball 过得愉快，玩得高兴）；阅读理解中看到什么不选什么（on one’s las t leg 死掉了）。

爵以词雄-四级4000词汇主讲：刘一男01（01-1）第一讲第一回：你为什么记不住单词第一段你为什么记不住单词（上）开场白：死记硬背是无奈，盲人摸象是无知，我劝天下睁开眼，且听一男讲单词！各位新东方网络课堂的学员你们好，我是一名北京新东方学校国内考试部的英语单词速记教师。

小人斗胆姓刘，拙名一男，刘一男正是鼠辈。

感谢新东方教育科技集团讯程网络科技有限公司赐予在下如此良机与普天之下的英语学习爱好者磨拳擦掌、启迪智慧——刘某三生有幸，不枉六世轮回。

希望在未来的20个小时之内，擦亮各位的双眼，启蒙我们的思维（淡入淡出），让背单词成为快意，让单词量猛进突飞，不再重演那些背了忘忘了背的学术悲剧，亦不再惧怕抽象晦涩冷酷的单词魔鬼。

今天是第一讲，在这一讲中我要透彻地回答——你为什么记不住英语单词。

你为什么记不住英语单词英语从何而来众所周知现代英语起源于日耳曼族北欧碑文，那么这种碑文正是脱胎于古希腊、和拉丁文字，再往上追溯，希腊字母的祖宗又是公元前3000年生活在两河流域腓尼基人发明的腓尼基文字，而腓尼基文字的源头则是最古老最著名的埃及象形文图，象形文字是古埃及人在公元前4000年前后创造的。

它用一定的图形表示一定的事物或概念。

比如，画三条波浪般的横线表示“水”，画两座夹河的山峰表示“山”.一切文字的最初源头都是象形，因为人类最初去记录生活中的概念一定是通过形象的。

当人们用类似于字母“w”的形象去记录水的含义，将它刻在岩石上时，文字就产生了，而经过几千年的传承演变，我们今天的水water和如此之多的与水相关的单词的首字母的地位依然留给神圣不可侵犯的wweep流泪wave波浪wash洗wine酒汉字这边有三点水旁，英文那厢有w的形象（，世界文化大同一家。

当我们看到水w从两个眼睛ee里流下p时，我们明白了weep-流泪的含义，智慧之光就此点燃。

祖先们记录生活的方式何其相似！你有水有眼睛，我有水有目----泪。

人们接着发现了盐，为了纪念盐从海洋sea中收获，就把海洋sea浓缩成一个字母s放在单词“盐-salt”首位，接着又用这样的方法记录了另一种带有咸味的水----salt盐+water水——sweat汗水（咸水），文字借此由少到多。

四级词汇结构讲义VocabularyandStructureForBand4四级词汇结构讲义Vocabulary and Structure For Band 4Unit 41. Our company decided to__ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not beenmet. A) destroy B) refuse C) assume D) cancel2. She is___ a musician than her brother.A) much of B) much as C) more of D) more as3. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe___ by the judge.A) service B) sentence C) crime D) crisis4.___ nonsense the newspaper print, some people always believe it.A) What B) That C) Whatever D) Whichever5. The residents, __________ had been damaged by the flood, were given held by the Red Cross.A) all their homes B) all whose homesC) all of whose homes D) all of their homes6. You can't take to let the situation get worse___.A) decisions B) directions C) sides D) steps7. This book should be within the___ of anyone who has studied French for three years.A) possession B) qualification C) performance D) competence8. A completely new situation is likely to__________ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.A) rise B) raiseC) arise D) happen9. I said I wouldn't do it, but___________ I think I will. .A) on the other hand B) on the wholeC) on the contrary D) on second thoughts10. Occasionally we experience westerly gales, but the __________ winds are from the north-east.A) existing B) generalC) prevailing D) special11. Throughout most of their lives, human beings _________ learn and increase their menta1capacities.A) perpetually B) particularlyC) actually D) finally12. You can't__________ to let the situation get worse, you must take steps to put it right.A) bear B) chargeC) afford D) be responsible13. Most people traveling in the course of their work are given traveling __________.A) income B) wages C) allowance D) pay14. _________ all that she had a good sense of direction, she couldn't find out the primary schoolwhere she used to study 40 years ago in the urban traffic map.A) At B) For C) In D) On15. The village's wealth comes chiefly from its many__________.A) herd of cattle B) herd of cattlesC) herds of cattle D) herds of cattles16. But for electricity, the whole world __________.A) would not have developed so rapidlyB) had not developed so rapidlyC) did not develop so rapidlyD) has not been developed so rapidly17. Whoever has real skills and knowledge should be properly treated and rewarded ________ hiseducational background.A) despite of B) regardless ofC) let alone D) on account of18. There is no point _______ the job as you are not properly qualified.A) to apply for B) in applying for.C) by applying for D) having applied for19. It was very kind of you to repair the bike, but you _________ it.A) wouldn't have done B) mightn't have doneC) mustn't have done D) didn't have to do20. Enough attention must be paid ________ all the details so that you can have a detailedunderstanding of all points.A) on B) to C) of D) by21. The area of the city is about _________that of this one.A) four times as much asB) as four times big asC) as four times large asD) four times as big as22. Very few experts could ________ with completely new so lutions to the world’s economicproblems.A) come to B) come up C) come across D) come by23. I had to pick my children up from school, so I was ________ to leave the meeting early.A) faced B) compelC) obliged D) having24. Hesitate, _________ the chance is gone.A) then B) when C) and D) but25. __________ water is to fish, _________ air is to man.A) What, that B)That, whatC) As, as D)So, so26. The old man went on his work _________ all the warnings about a danger of his work.A) in case of B) because ofC) regardless of D) prior to27. The _________ cause of laying off skilled workers in the factory was bad management.A) negative B) positiveC) faithful D) prime28. She has a strong Chinese ___________ to her English.A) pronunciation B) intonationC) accent D) dialect29. Homework ____________ on time will lead to be better grades.A) done B) be doneC) having done D) to have been done30. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants _________ wild.A) that once grew B) once they grewC) they grew once D) once grew补充练习1. To them he was __________ beach-comber in constant need of money, remarkable only for thepeculiarity that he painted pictures which seemed to themabsurd.A) not more than B) no more thanC) little more than D) few more than2 .The captain apologized ___________ to tell us more about the accident.A) to be unable B) for to be unableC) for being unable D) that he was unable3. A woman's identity is __________ herself as a person.A) what she thinks of B) what does she think ofC) what she does think D) does she think of what4. Tokyo has a larger population ____________ in the world.A) than any city B) than any other cityC) than any cities D) than all other city5. I enjoy traveling _______ I don't have to drive too far.A) lest B) unless C) but D) if6. __________ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.A) As B) That C) It D) What。

（词汇、阅读）2014春季四级词汇■形似篇■1.absent/assent （赞成，附和）/ consent / dissent（持不同意见、不同政见者）/ present/resent2.abuse/accuse/amuse3.abrupt/bankrupt/disrupt/erupt/interrupt4.accident/incident/coincident5.accept/concept/except6.accord /recordacquire/enquire/inquire/require7.8.counteract/enact/exact/interact/react/transact9.adapt/adept/adopt10.addict/contradict/ predict/verdict11.address/redress/undress/under-dress12.adhere/adjust/administer/admireadmit/commit/omit/permit/remit/submit/transmit13.14.invent/prevent15.advise/devise（设计，制定，发明；遗产）/revise/ superviseaffect/effect/infect/defect/perfect16.17.afflict（使苦恼，折磨）/conflict/inflict （招致破坏，招致痛苦）18.altitude/amplitude/attitude/gratitude/latitude/longitude/multitudeanticipate/participate19.20.apartment/compartment/department22.approve/disprove/improve/prove23.ascribe/conscribe （招募，征集）/describe/inscribe/prescribe/subscribe24.aspect/inspect/prospect/ respect/suspectassemble/dissemble/resemble25.26.assert/desert/ /insert27.assess/process/recess/success /access28.assign/consign/design/resign29.assist/consist/insist/persist/resist/subsist;30.assume/consume/presume/resumeassure/ensure/insure/reassure31.32.atmosphere （大气层、氛围） / hemisphere（半球）attain/contain/detain/entertain/maintain/pertain/retain/sustain33.34.attend/contend/extend、intend/portend/pretendattract/contract/distract/extract/subtract35.36.attribute/contribute/distribute/retribution37.awake/wake/awoke/woke38.claim/disclaim/exclaim/proclaim/reclaimcommit/emit/remit/submit/transmit/ manu’mit 解放；释放（manu+mit放→把手放了39.→释放）40.compel/dispel/expel/propel/repel41.compose/ dispose /expose/impose/juxtapose （把并列、把并置、把放在另一个旁边） oppose/propose/suppose/superimpose（把图像叠加、重置）42.compound/expound（详细说明）/impound（把围困，扣押）/propound（提出，提议）compress/depress/express/impress/oppress/suppress43.44.compute/dispute/impute/repute/disrepute （坏名声）45.concede/precede/proceed/recede47.conception/deception/perception/reception48.conclude/exclude/include/occlude（堵塞，闭塞）/preclude（预防，杜绝）/seclude 49.concur（同时发生）/incur（招惹，蒙受）/occur/recurconduce/deduce/induce（引诱，引起，导致）/introduce/produce/reduce/seduce50.51.conduct/deduct/induct/product/abduct （诱拐、劫持、绑架）52.conductive/deductive/inductive/productive/reductive/productiveconfer/differ/infer/offer/prefer/refer/suffer/transfer53.54.conference/difference/inference/reference/preference55.confine/define/refine/defy56.conform/deform/inform/perform/reform57.confuse/diffuse（弥漫，散布）/effuse （流出，吐露）infuse/ perfuse（灌注，洒遍）/profuse （丰富的，浪费的）/refuse/suffuse （充满，染遍）/transfuse （输血，倾注）58.congestion/digestion/indigestion/ingestion（吞下，摄取，吸收）/suggestion （从下面带上来，建议）conserve/deserve/observe/reserve/preserve59.consistent/insistent/persistent/resistant60.61.constant/distant/instant/resistantconstitute/destitute/institute/prostitute/substitute62.63.constrain（强迫，强制） / overstrain（过度紧张） /restrain（抑制，限制）64.consult/desultory（不连贯的，散漫的）/exult/insult/result （sult=leap ）content/extent/intent/potent65.66.context/pretext/subtext67.construct/ destruct / instruct /obstructcontain/control/conquer/command68.contort （拧弯，扭曲，软体表演） /distort（曲解，扭曲）/extort （抢夺，强多）/ 69.retort（反驳，报复）71.conversion/aversion/inversion/reversion/perversion/subversion72.convert/invert/revert/pervert/subvert73.convolve （盘旋，缠绕）/devolve（转移，移交，授予）/evolve （进化，发展）/ involve（卷入，连累）/revolve （旋转，循环）74.could/mould/should/would75.deface（诽谤，毁坏）/efface （消掉，擦除）/preface/surface76.deflect（偏斜，打歪）/genuflect （下跪）/inflect （使弯曲、词尾变化）/reflect degrade（降级，退化）/centigrade（百分度的）/retrograde（退步，堕落）/ 77.downgrade（贬低，降低）/upgrade（上升，升级）demote （） locomote （行动、行进、移动） remote （）promote（）78.79.detail/entail/retail80.dispose/expose/impose/oppose/propose/suppose81.doll/poll/roll/toll82.duck/fuck/luck/muck/suck/tuck/buck83.dude/nude/rude/crude/prude84.efficient/deficient/proficient/sufficient85.effluent （流出的，流出物）/affluent （流入的，富裕的）/confluent （汇流的，合流的）/refluent （倒流的）eject/project/inject/object/reject/subject/deject86.87.elect/collect/select/intellect/neglect/recollect （重新想起，振作起来）encounter/endure/enforce/enhance88.89.epigraph （文前题词）/autograph（亲笔签字）/monograph（专题论文）/ photograph（照片）telegraph （电报）/dictograph（侦听器）90.epigram （警语，名句）/diagram （图标）/program /cryptogram （密码图）/ seismogram（地震图）91.entreat （恳求，请求）/maltreat （虐待）/retreat （撤退）extrude （挤出，冲出）/intrude（侵入，强行进入） /obtrude（管闲事，插嘴） / 92.93.evolve/involve/revolve/ /devolve;94.exclaim/acclaim（欢呼，喝彩）/ disclaim/declaim（大声朗诵） /reclaim /proclaim;95.excite /incite （鼓励，激励）/reciteexport/import/transport/deport/report/support96.97.exhibit /inhibit/prohibit98.explore /deplore （悲叹，痛惜）/implore （乞求，恳求）99.evade （逃避，偷税）/invade （侵略，武力进入）/pervade （蔓延，普及）100.deface/efface/interface/reface/preface/surfacefacial/racial/special/artificial/financial/social101.field/shield/wield/yield102.103.fire/hire/tire/wire104.hail/fail/mail/nail/pail/rail/sail/tail105.subway highway milk-way railway waterway106.hardware/software/silverware/earthenware/glassware107.hide/ride/side/tide/wide108.implant （播种；插入）/replant （再种，再植）/supplant （取代，排挤）/ transplant （移植，移种）109.imply/comply/reply/supplyinflexible/rigid/pedantic110.111.incidence/evidence/coincidence/accidence/confidence112.income/outcome/overcome welcome113.inspire/conspire/expire/ /respire/aspireinstinct/distinct/extinct114.115.instinctive/distinctive/extinctiveinsulate/isolate/quarantine/separate/segregate116.117.jet/bet/get/let/met/net/pet/set/wet/yet118.kiss/miss/hiss/piss120.lap/map/cap/tap/gap/nap/rap;121.lest/best/chest/guest/nest/pest/vest/west/zest;122.liberal/literal/literary/liberate/literatemainland/inland/island/highland/lowland/Finland;123.124.mass/mess/miss125.mate/date/fate/gate/hate/late/rate126.maximum/minimum/optimum127.midday/midnight/midterm/midway128.mood/mould/mode/model;moderate/modest/mild monologue （独白）/dialogue /epilogue （尾声，后记）/ 129.prologue （开场白）/catalogue（目录）/apologue （寓言）omnivorous （杂食动物）/insectivorous （食虫动物）/herbivorous （食草动物）/ 130.carnivorous （食肉动物）131.opponent （反对者）/proponent （支持者）/exponent （讲解者）/component （部分，成分）132.outbreak/outcome/outset/outlet133.overlook/overhear/oversee;134.oversleep/overtake/overturn/overwork135.peer/beer/deer/steerperplex （迷惑的，使困惑的）/duplex（二重）/complex （复杂）136.137.pit/bit/fit/hit/kit/lit/pit/sit/witpostage/package/hostage/carriage/marriage/sausage/shortage/voltage138.139.prelude（序曲，前奏）/allude （暗指，提及）/collude （串通，勾结）/delude （欺骗）/elude（躲避，使困惑）/interlude （剧间休息）140.premise（前提）/promise/surmise （猜测，推测）/demise （让与，赠予）preposition/proposition/proposal141.142.promotion/demotion/commotion （骚乱，动乱）/emotion144.provoke/ revoke（取消，撤回）/ invoke（请求，使生效）/ evoke（唤醒，唤起）/ equivocal （双关语）/convoke （召集）145.reference/inference/conference/preference;reform/perform/inform/conform/platform146.147.remount（重新登上）/dismount （下车，下马）/ surmount （克服，超越）/ paramount（最高的，首要的、派拉蒙公司）/amount148.relocate （重新定位）/dislocate （使脱节，使移位）/collocate （搭配，并列）/ allocate （分配）replicate （复制）/implicate （牵连，含蓄表达）/explicate （解释，阐明）/ 149.complicate （弄复杂）150.reprehend （责难，谴责）/ comprehend （了解，包括，理解）/misapprehend （误会，误解）/apprehend （理解，逮捕）151.request/inquest （审讯，验尸） / conquest（征服） /bequest （遗产，遗赠）152.resign/retire/retreat/relax;153.sake/bake/cake/fake/lake/make/naked/take/wake154.gyroscope （） microscope （）telescope（）155.segregate （分开，隔离）/congregate （集会，聚集）/aggregate （合计，聚集）/ disaggregate （分解，分离）156.somehow/somewhat/somewhere;157.spectacles/spectacular/speculate/spectator158.sportsman/statesman/spokesman/marksman（射击运动员）/headsman （刽子手）159.surprise/comprise/enterprise/apprise （通知，报告）160.suspend （悬吊，中止）/impend （临近，迫近） /depend/append（悬挂，附上）perpendicular（垂直的）161.expend（花费，耗尽）/dispend（浪费，花费） stipend （奖学金、津贴、神职人员的薪水） spend（花费、支出）sympathy /apathy （冷漠，漠不关心）/antipathy （反感）/electropathy （电疗法）162.164.pretest/posttest/ retest /subtest165.trademark 商标/landmark 里程碑，界标/ bookmark 书签/ hallmark 明显标志，特征166.transcend （超越，胜出）/descend （下降，下传）/condescend （屈尊俯就）/ ascend （上升，爬上）transgress （超越，违背）/aggress （入侵，侵略）congress （国会，集会）167.digress （离题，跑题）egress （出口）/ingress （进口）/progress（进步）/ retrogress （退步，倒退）topical/tropical/typical;168.uncover/discover/recover;169.170.union/unique/unit/unity;171.uphold （支持；拥护）/ uproot （连根拔；根除）/ upturn （价格上涨，转好）/ upgrade（升级；上升）/ upfront （显著的；重要的）172.waterproof/rainproof/soundproof/heatproof;warfare/welfare/farewell;173.174.whereas/whereabouts/whereby/wherever175.withdraw/withstand/withhold176.worth/worthy/worthwhile/worthless177.yawn/lawn/ /dawn/sawn178.wander/wonder主讲：赵南望Text 1The greatest devastation of old age is the loss of mental faculties, and with the near doubling of life expectancy in the past century has come the mixed blessing of living longer and losing more. A few great thinkers and artists remained productive in their later years —Galileo, Monet, Shaw, Stravinsky, Tolstoy — but even they were not what they had been in their primes. In science, the boom falls sooner still: " A person who has not made his great contribution to science before the age of 30 will never do so,"said Einstein.Imagine if we could transplant old brains into younger bodies: would our minds stay young, or would we be senile teenagers, scaling mountains and skateboarding at 120, but forgetting where we put the car keys? Is the brain uniquely vulnerable to the ravages of time? Can anything be done?Incontrovertible evidence from many studies shows that a higher level of education and greater mental activity throughout life correlate with lower cognitive losses in old age. These benefits apply to all sorts of cognitive losses, including those associated with Alzheimer' s. Some researchers believe that mental application in early life produces complex neural connections that provide a reserve later on; others argue that education merely gives people the means to cope with and compensate for their losses.K. Warner Schaie, a professor of human development and psychology at Pennsylvania State University, has studied age-related change in more than 5,000 people, some for more than 40 years. Comparing earlier with later recruits, Mr. Schaie concludes that the rate of mental decline is slowing, a change he attributes to better education, healthier diet, lessened exposure to serious disease, and more mental activity. "You've got to practice," Mr. Schaie says, "If you don't solve problems, you no longer can solve problems." Retirement can be particularly hard, he adds, because for many people, work is their most challenging activity. "Retirement is good for people who've had routine jobs—they may find something more stimulating. But it's disadvantageoushad."K. Anders Ericsson, a psychology professor at Florida State University, confirms Mr. Schaie's emphasis on the virtue of practice. Initially interested in expert performers like musicians, he found that many ostensible geniuses aren't really so different from everyone else—they just practice harder and longer, benefiting from sheer labor, rather than from some special gift. Professional musicians who continue to practice assiduously as they age continue to play well, while amateurs who just play for pleasure show age-related declines.Mr. Ericsson's studies failed to show significant generalized benefits from mental exercise. "If you play tennis, you improve your general fitness, but the greatest improvement is specific to tennis, not to other sports. It's the same with cognitive exercise. You have to look at your life and pick what you want to improve."Text 2Americans are proud of their economic system, believing it provides opportunities for all citizens to have good lives. Their faith is clouded, however, by the fact that poverty persists in many parts of the country. Government anti-poverty efforts have made some progress but have not eradicated the problem. Similarly, periods of strong economic growth, which bring more jobs and higher wages, have helped reduce poverty but have not eliminated it entirely.The federal government defines a minimum amount of income necessary for basic maintenance of a family of four. This amount may fluctuate depending on the cost of living and the location of the family. In 1998, a family of four with an annual income below $ 16,530 was classified as living in poverty.The percentage of people living below the poverty level dropped from 22.4 percent in 1959 to 11.4 percent in 1978. But since then, it has fluctuated in a fairly narrow range. In 1998, it stood at 12.7 percent.What is more, the overall figures mask much more severe pockets of poverty. In 1998, more than one-quarter of all African-Americans (26.1 percent) lived in poverty; though distressingly high, that figure did represent an improvement from 1979, when 31 percent of blacks wereheaded by single mothers are particularly susceptible to poverty. Partly as a result of this phenomenon, almost one in five children (18.9percent) was poor in 1997. The poverty rate was 36.7 percent among African-American children and 34.4 percent among Hispanic children.Some analysts have suggested that the official poverty figures overstate the real extent of poverty because they measure only cash income and exclude certain government assistance programs such as Food Stamps, health care, and public housing. Others point out, however, that these programs rarely cover all of a family's food or health care needs and that there is a shortage of public housing. Some argue that even families whose incomes are above the official poverty level sometimes go hungry, skimping on food to pay for such things as housing , medical care, and clothing. Still others point out that people at the poverty level sometimes receive cash income from casual work and in the "underground" sector of the economy, which is never recorded in official statistics.In any event, it is clear that the American economic system does not apportion its rewards equally. In 1997, the wealthiest one-fifth of American families accounted for 47.2 percent of the nation's income, according to the Economic Policy Institute, a Washington-based research organization. In contrast, the poorest one-fifth earned just 4.2 percent of the nation's income, and the poorest 40 percent accounted for only 14 percent of income.Text 3One of the most pressing challenges that the United Stated—and indeed, the world—will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment. The consequences are just too great to ignore. Wildlife habitats are being degraded or disappearing altogether as new developments take up more land. Plant and animal species are becoming extinct at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth's history. As many as 30 percent of the world's fish stocks are over-exploited. And the list goes on.Yet, there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power and molecular biology are among the tremendous increases in scientific capability that are helping researchers gain a better understanding of these problems. Recent developments in science and technologyof how human activities affect the environment.One priority for research is improving hydrological forecasting. It has been estimated that the world's water use could triple in the next two decades. Already, widespread water shortages have occurred in parts of China, India, North Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. The need for water also is taking its toll on freshwater ecosystems in the United States. Only two percent of the nation's streams are considered in good condition, and close to 40 percent of native fish species are rare to extinct. Using a variety of new remote sensing tools, scientists can learn more about how precipitation affects water levels, how surface water is generated and transported, and how changes in the landscape affect water supplies.To prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases in plants, animals, and humans, more study is needed on how pathogens, parasites, and disease-carrying species—as well as humans and other species they infect—are affected by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics both in humans and in farm animals has contributed to the growth of antibiotic-resistant micro organisms. Researchers can take advantage of new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and predict the effects that environmental changes might have on disease outbreaks.Humans have made alterations to Earth's surface—such as tropical deforestation, reduction of surface and ground water, and massive development—so dramatic that they approach the levels of transportation that occurred during glacial periods. Such alterations cause changes in local and regional climate, and will determine the future of agricultural. Recent advances in data collection and analysis should be used to document and better understand the causes and consequences of changes in land cover and use.。

考研四级英语熟词生义归纳1考研英语熟词生义归纳（一）1. abide (by ) v. ① 遵守，服从We must abide by the promise made by us. 我们必须遵守我们作出的诺言。

② 忍受，忍耐You will have to abide by the consequences. 你将必须忍受其后果。

2. abroad adj. ① 在国外，到国外；② everywhere遍布，到处There is a rumor abroad that heis a liar. 谣言到处说他是个骗子。

3. above / beyond: 介词，后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”，例如：“abovecomprehension”的意思是“无法理解”，beyond dispute毋庸置疑。

4. in the absence of something: “缺少，没有”，用于替代“in short o f”或者“belacking in”。

5. be absorbed in something: “专注于某事”。

6. abuse: 用在物品词后面表示“过量使用”，比如drug abuse(药物或毒品滥用)，用在有生命的事物后面则表示“虐待” 。

systematic patient abuse (蓄意对病人的虐待)7. have access to something: 通道，通路；机会。

比如“have access to town”表示“有道路通往市区”，“have access to the teacher”则是“有条件向老师请教”。

8. account “帐户，解释，解说，叙述”。

An agreed account 共识；on account of 因为9. account for “解释，说明”，但常理解翻译成“是…的原因”。

10. acknowledge 答谢；承认。

11. acquire获得，学会，兼并，占有。

考研（四级，六级）英语核心词汇1800例句版前言：英语中，以s开头的单词最多，约200个，其次是以a, c,p,t开始的单词，最少的是x,y,z. 建议大家从单词最多的字母s开始，最硬的骨头开始啃，越背越轻松。

其次，记单词时不要采用从A——Z的顺序，而是要灵活搭配，比如A和J， B 和O，C和N，D和L等，S和Z等，这样多少搭配，记起来既不觉得累又有成就感。

一定记住Frank的建议：每天早晨或中午看4页（约100个单词），把自己不认识的用三角形标记出来(用单词记忆的四个方法:词根词缀;谐音,音变规律,隐含词根,或语境记忆),每天晚上不管多忙,多晚,多累都要把画三角的单词再复习一遍。

然后过1天,3天、7天、15天、30天各复习一遍，坚持下来，两个月后，你会发现不知不觉中1800个核心词汇已经烂熟于心了。

A-CAabide 遵循（…by）；容忍 The one thing she cannot abide is lying.abnormal 反常的 abnormal behaviorabolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old customabrupt 突然的，意外的 an abrupt departureabsolute 纯粹的，完全的 have absolute trust in sb.absorb 吸收，吸进 A sponge absorbs water.abstract 抽象的 A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的 The idea that number 13 brings bad luck is absurd. abuse 滥用 abuse one's authority(office)aaccelerate 加速，增速 accelerate one’s stepsaccess 接近（或进入）的机会 have regular and immediate access to the President accommodate 使适应，使符合一致 accommodate oneself to changed circumstances accompany 陪伴，伴随 She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend. accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等） accomplish one's purpose accord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action doesn't accord with his peaceful words.account 记述，叙述 give a brief account of what has happenedaccumulate 积累，积攒，积聚 accumulate wisdomaccurate 准确的，精确的 an accurate estimateaccuse 指控，指责 They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising (to rise) earlyacquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动 They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed.acute 尖锐的，敏锐的 an acute thinkeradapt （使）适应 adapt oneself to new conditionsaddress 演说 a television addressadhere 黏附，附着 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin 贴近，与...毗邻 His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by the wife.adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescentsadvance 使向前移动 advance a chessmanadvantage 有利条件，优点 Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seeking another term.adverse 不友好的，敌对的 She felt adverse to her husband's friends.advocate 拥护，提倡，主张 advocate self-defenceaesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美 an aesthetic theoryaffliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company affirm 断言，申明 affirm the truth of a statementaggravate 加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economyaggressive 侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weaponagitate 搅动（液体等） The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑 The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的 In our reading we should always be alert for new usages. alien 外国的 adjust to an alien cultureallege 断言，宣称 The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给 allocate funds for new projectsallied 结盟的，有关联的 allied nationsallow 允给，准许，允许 He missed her more than he would allow himself to admit. allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowancealter 改变，更改 alter an attitudealternate 交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者 an amateur golferamaze 使惊愕，使惊异 I am amazed that he should get the post.ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的 an ambiguous answerambition （对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心 His political ambitions still burn. amend 修改，修订 amend the spelling in sb.'s paperamuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣） The clown at the circus amused the children.anchor 锚 The anchor catches (drags).announce 宣布，声称 It is officially announced that he will not run for reelection. annoy 使恼怒，使生气 She was annoyed at (with) his lightheard attitude. annual 每年的，年度的 the annual output of steelanonymous 匿名的，无名的 an anonymous letter (phone call)answer 回答，响应 Henry took ages to answer the door.anticipate 预期，预料 The directors anticipated a fall in demand (that demand would fall).anxious 焦虑的，发愁的(about, at) They become anxious at her delay.apart 成零碎 Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings.apparent 显然的，明明白白的 It was apparent that they all understood.appeal 呼吁，恳求 I appealed to the children to make less noise.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好 The audience applauds the performers for three minutes. apply 涂，敷 He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派 They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster. appraise 估量，估计 appraise the infant's weightappreciate 感激 I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心 Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty? approach 靠近，接近 John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的 Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. approve 赞成，同意 I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的 The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes. arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的 an arbitrary choicearise 起立，起身 arise from one's seatarouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry.array 排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的 artificial price controlsascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高 The airplane ascended into the cloud.ascertain 查明，弄清，确定 I ascertained that he was dead.ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的 I am ashamed for being so stupid.ashore 向岸，向陆地 He swam ashore.aside 在旁边 We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击 We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble 集合，召集 assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting. assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言 He asserted his innocence.assess 估价，评价，评论 assess the present state of the economyassign 分配，布置（作业） The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson.assimilate 吸收，消化 He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate （使）联系，（使）结合 We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.assume 假定，假设 Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming (that) the weather si favarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心 He gave me his assurance that he would help. astonish 使惊讶 I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接 attach a label to a suitcaseattain 达到，获得 attain one’s goalattend 出席，参加（会议等） attend a weddingattendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率 Our class has perfect attendance today.attentive 注意的，专心的 an attentive audienceattribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work.auxiliary 辅助的 an auxiliary rocketavail 有利于，有助于 Will force alone avail us?average 平均数，平均 The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. avert 挡开，防止，避免 Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy. awake 醒，觉醒 awake from sleepaward 授予（奖品等） The university awarded him an honorary degree.Bban （以官方明令）禁止，取缔 He was banned from entering the city.bang （突发的） sudden loud bangbar 条，块，杆，棒 a bar of goldbare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的 walk in bare feetbeforehand 预先，事先 If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.behave 举止端正，听话 Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂 I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心 have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪 Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray. blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of windblaze 火焰 The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的 The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红 blush with(或for) joyboast 自吹自擂，自夸的话 He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltsboom 低沉有回响的声音 The great bell tolled with a deep boom.border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailandbore 钻孔，挖（通道） bore through a wallbounce 弹起，反弹 The ball doesn’t bounce well.bound 跳跃，弹回 She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly. boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加 boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace 托架，支架 He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed （使）繁殖 Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂 accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holidaybrisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle 易碎的，一碰就破的 brittle glassbrush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brushbump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark. burst 爆炸，爆裂 The boiler burst.Ccalculate 计算，推算 calculate the distance between New York and Chicagocall 喊，叫 Please call the names of all the people who are present.cancel 取消，废除，删去 cancel a tripcapture 俘虏，捕获 capture butterfliescase 事例，事实，事情 This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷 cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a schemecasual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meetingcease 停止，终止，结束 The music ceased suddenly.certify 证明，证实 The accounts were certified (as) correct.challenge 向...挑战 Our school challenged the local champion team to a football match.character （事物的）性质，特质 The furniture in Tom’s apartment was pretentious and without character.charge 要（价），收（费） The airlines charge half price for students.charm 魅力，魔力 This thriving resort town has retained its village charm. chase 追逐，追求 The police chased the escaping thief and caught him at last. check 使突然停止，制止 check one’s stepscherish 珍爱，珍视 cherish one’s native landchew 嚼，咀嚼 He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住 be choked by smokechorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的 chronic indigestionclarity 澄清，阐明 clarify an issuecling 粘着 The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boycluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster of tourists clutch 紧抓，紧握 clutch at an opportunitycoherent 一致的，协调的 lack coherent political goalscoin 硬币，钱币，金属货币 a silver coincoincide 相符，相一致 100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit. collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作 He and I collaborated in writing plays.collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解 The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. collide 碰撞，互撞 The car collided with the truck.come 来，来到 Will you come to the dance tonight?commemorate 纪念，庆祝 commemorate a holidaycommend 表扬，称赞 commend a soldier for braverycompact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggagecompare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tuned machine compatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的 You should choose a roommate more compatible to your tastes.compile 汇编，编制 compile an anthology of poemscomply 遵从，顺从，服从 comply with rules(safety regulations)compose 组成，构成 England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of GreatBritain.compress 压缩 He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentences comprise 包含，包括 The shipyard comprises three docks.compromise 妥协，折衷 compromise over the hard-fought next.compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subjectconceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 He concealed his disappointment from his friends. conceive 构想出，设想 conceive an ideaconcentrate 集中，专心 concentrate one’s attentioncondemn 谴责 We all condemn cruelty to children.condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁 condense a speech to halfconfer 商谈，商议 confer with sb. Over (on, about, concerning) sth.confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔 confess one’s crimeconfidence 信任 break sb.’s confidenceconfine 限制，使局限 They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area. confirm 证实，肯定 confirm a rumourconflict （尤指长期的）战争，战斗 The conflict between Greece and Troy lasted ten years.conform 遵照，适应 confirm to(或with) the rules(the law)confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇 The war confronted him with hardships.confuse 使混乱，混淆 He confused the arrangements by arriving late.connect 连接，连接 The bridge connects the island with(或to) the mainland. conscious 意识到的，自觉地 They were conscious that he disapproved.consent 同意，赞同，准许 The people will never consent to another war. conserve 保护，保藏，保存 conserve natural resourcesconsider 考虑，细想 Consider carefully before doing anything.consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms.consolidate 巩固，加强 consolidate one’s positionconspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的 He felt as conspicuous as if he had stood on a stage.constant 经常的，不断的 a constant noiseconstitute 组成，构成 constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量 consult a doctor about one’s illnessconsume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in readingcontact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sbcontain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve itemscontaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the aircontempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sbcontest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for the control of the regioncontract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact withcontradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theorycontrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary viewcontrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the two forms of governmentcontribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity every payday contrive设计,想出:contrive a new methodcontroversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversyconvention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at a convention convert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gasconvey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric currentconvict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted of smugglingcoordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agenciescordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation)correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds to anticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondentcorresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprintscorrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidence that must exist between buyer and sellercorrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecount数,计算: count the moneycourse课程,科目:an English coursecourtesy 谦恭有礼。