尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋白在糖尿病早期肾病中的临床检验价值

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· 论著 ·糖尿病新世界 2024年1月

糖尿病新世界 DIABETES NEW WORLD尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋白在糖尿病早期肾病中的

临床检验价值

林添堂,卢作烁

三明市第二医院检验科,福建三明 366000

[摘要] 目的 探讨尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋白联合检测对糖尿病早期肾病的临床检验价值。方法 选取2022年1—12

月三明市第二医院就诊收治的26例糖尿病早期肾损伤(Early Diabetic Nephropathy, EDN)患者纳入EDN组,选

择同期就诊治疗的26例单纯糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus, DM)患者纳入DM组,同时将体检中心26例体检健康者

纳入对照组。比较各组患者尿蛋白、尿微量白蛋白(Urinary Microalbumin, UMA)水平,分析单一指标与联合指

标检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度水平,绘制受试者工作(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, ROC)曲线并评

估曲线下面积(Area Under the Curve, AUC)。结果 EDN组患者尿蛋白及UMA水平均高于DM组与健康组,DM

组尿蛋白及UMA水平高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);联合检测组检测灵敏度(92.31%)高于单一

检测组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),联合检测组AUC值0.902(95%CI 0.837~0.966)高于单一检测组,差异

有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋白联合检测可提高对早期糖尿病肾病的临床检验灵敏度

及准确度,在临床检验工作中具有较高的价值,有助于糖尿病患者早期肾损伤的评估及治疗。[关键词] 尿蛋白;尿微量白蛋白;糖尿病早期肾病;临床检验

[中图分类号] R446 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062(2024)01(b)-0004-04

Clinical Value of Urinary Protein and Urinary Microalbumin in Early Dia⁃

betic Nephropathy

LIN Tiantang, LU ZuoshuoDepartment of Laboratory, Sanming Second Hospital, Sanming, Fujian Province, 366000 China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of urinary protein and urinary microalbumin combined detection in early diabetic nephropathy. Methods A total of 26 patients with Early Diabetic Nephropathy (EDN) admitted to

Sanming Second Hospital from January to December 2022 were selected to be included in the EDN group, 26 patients

with simple Diabetes Mellitus (DM) who received treatment during the same period were selected to be included in the

DM group, and 26 healthy patients in the physical examination center were included in the control group. The levels

of urinary protein and Urinary Microalbumin (UMA) were compared among all groups, and the sensitivity, specificity

and accuracy of single index and combined index were analyzed. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC)

curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) were plotted. Results The levels of urine protein and UMA in EDN group

were higher than those in DM group and healthy group, the levels of urine protein and UMA in DM group were higher

than those in healthy group, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The detection sensitivity

(92.31%) of the combined detection group was higher than those of the single detection group, the difference was sta⁃

tistically significant (P<0.05), and the AUC value of the combined detection group was 0.902 (95%CI 0.837-0.966),

which was higher than that of the single detection group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion The combined detection of urinary protein and urinary microalbumin can improve the sensitivity and ac⁃curacy of clinical test for early diabetic nephropathy, and has high value in clinical test work, which is helpful to the

assessment and treatment of early diabetic kidney injury.DOI:10.16658/j.cnki.1672-4062.2024.02.004

[基金项目] 福建省检验医学研究会(2023LHYC026)[作者简介] 林添堂(1985-),男,本科,副主任技师,

研究方向为临床检验基础。

4· 论著 ·糖尿病新世界 2024年1月

DIABETES NEW WORLD 糖尿病新世界[Key words] Urinary protein; Urinary microalbumin; Early diabetic nephropathy; Clinical examination

糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy, DN)是糖尿

病的严重并发症之一,由于长期高血糖损伤全身

大小血管,导致肾脏结构和功能异常,引发肾脏急

慢性损伤[1-2]。早期糖尿病肾病(Early Diabetic Ne⁃phropathy, EDN)往往缺乏典型临床症状和尿常规

异常,而及早诊断和干预EDN对于阻止或延缓肾

功能恶化,降低终末期肾脏病(End Stage Renal Disease,ESRD)风险及减少并发症的发生至关重

要[3-4]。目前,对尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋白在DN早

期诊断中的临床价值进行了深入研究,作为诊断DN的重要性检验指标,在早期诊断中具有重要意

义。尿蛋白作为早期诊断DN的可靠指标之一,通

过大量观察发现,EDN患者尿蛋白排泄率明显升

高,且与DN的发生和发展呈正相关[5-7]。同时,研

究表明尿微量白蛋白(Urinary Microalbumin, UMA)

也在DN早期诊断中具有较高的敏感性和特异性,

其水平的增加可以预示着肾功能的异常变化[8]。

鉴于此,本研究选取2022年1—12月于三明市第

二医院就诊EDN患者、DM患者及体检健康者共

计78例作为研究对象,评估尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋

白在早期糖尿病肾损伤中的检验价值。现报道

如下。1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取本院收治的26例EDN患者纳入EDN组,

其中男16例,女10例;年龄42~76岁,平均(58.65±6.85)岁;病程1.56~8.56年,平均(6.66±4.13)年。选

取同期于本院治疗的26例DM患者纳入DM组,其

中男13例,女13例;年龄45~79岁,平均(60.23±5.64)岁;病程1.12~9.74年,平均(5.86±4.58)年。选

取同期体检中心26例体检健康者纳入对照组,其

中男15例,女11例;年龄43~76岁,平均(59.63±6.32)岁;病程2.03~8.45年,平均(6.12±3.26)年。3

组患者年龄、性别、病程等基线资料比较,差异无统

计学意义(P均>0.05),具有可比性。同时本研究经

医学伦理学委员会审核要求符合标准[(伦)审编

号:202107]。1.2 纳入与排除标准

纳入标准:糖尿病患者根据《中国2型糖尿病防

治指南(2017年版)》[9]标准诊断为糖尿病,且EDN

患者经《中国糖尿病肾脏病防治指南(2021年

版)》[10]标准诊断确诊;入组患者无其他合并严重疾病者;临床诊疗信息完整者;患者签署知情同意书。

排除标准:合并其他糖尿病并发症者;既往患

有其他严重肾病者;妊娠期、哺乳期妇女;既往患有

精神疾病者;依从性差者。1.3 方法

入组研究患者均由本科室责任护士于检测前1

天告知并要求检查前12 h禁止饮食及注意事项,避

免剧烈运动、感染、饮酒等影响结果的因素。次日清

晨收集患者24 h尿液,取10 mL尿液,3 500 r/min,离

心10 min,采用比色法测定尿蛋白;取10 mL中段尿,3 500 r/min,离心10 min,采用免疫比浊法测定尿微

量白蛋白。将各组患者尿蛋白、UMA水平纳入多元Logistic回归模型,同时对单一检测指标及联合指标

绘制受试者特征曲线(Receiver Operating Characteris⁃tic curve, ROC),比较曲线下面积值(Area Under the

Curve, AUC)。

1.4 观察指标

记录健康组、DM组及EDN组患者尿蛋白、尿微

量白蛋白的结果值,其中24 h尿蛋白≤150 mg为阴

性,尿微量白蛋白<30 mg/L为阴性。

记录各组患者检测指标敏感度、特异度及准确

度水平,敏感度=真阳性例数/(真阳性例数+假阴性

例数)×100%,特异度=真阴性例数/(真阴性例数+

假阳性例数)×100%,准确度=(真阳性例数+真阴

性例数)/总例数×100%。1.5 统计方法