2019高考英语浙江选考二轮增分策略讲义:专题一 第二部分 第1节名词
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第五节代词和介词(短语)1.Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.(2019·北京)答案myself解析考查代词。
句意为:焦虑不安地面临挑战时,我知道我将轻声对自己说:“做你自己。
”此处whisper to这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人,宾语要用反身代词。
故填myself。
2.A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than (that) who are not.(2019·天津)答案those解析考查代词。
句意为:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。
空格处代词对应the students,是复数,故填those。
3.Running is cheap,easy and it’s always energetic.If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give a try.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案running/it解析考查名词或代词。
此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动,因此可以填名词running,也可以用it指代。
give sth.a try尝试一下某事。
4.One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause (they) to stay awakealmost all night.(2018·11月浙江)答案them解析考查代词。
第2讲无提示词类先定填哪类词→再定填哪个词(一)根据句子本身的含义考点1填冠词1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was __69__ joke.解析a joke “笑话,玩笑”,是可数名词。
空格后的joke为单数,故其前用a。
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs.解析the at the top of one's lungs意为“以某人最大音量”,为固定短语。
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As __65__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.解析a as a result为固定短语意为“结果,因此”。
若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,则一般填冠词。
此外,还需注意冠词的固定搭配。
考点2填介词1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __63__ dogs, seven to be exact.解析of a pack of是固定搭配,意为“一群……”。
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching __67__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.解析for search for为固定搭配,意为“寻找,搜寻”。
见微知著,闻弦歌而知雅意2018-2019年高考备考第一部分语法知识专题一名词、代词、冠词【考纲解读】考点内容考查方式2016—2017年浙江高考语篇型填空2017.112017.62016.10名词1.名词和动词、形容词等不同词性之间的转换2.名词的单数和复数的应用1.根据所给的相关提示词,写出相应的名词2.根据上下文判断名词用单数形式还是用复数形式以及复数名词的构成形式3.在无提示词的情况下根据语境写出适当的名词。
这类词一般都是固定结构或根据上下文有明确的提示months(month)carrots(carrot)pages(page)performance(perform)代词1.不定代词2.物主代词3.指示代词4.人称代词5.疑问代词6.反身代词7.it的用法1.根据上下文的语境写出合适的代词2.根据所给的相关提示词,写出合适的代词形式。
这种形式主要出现在人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的相互转换方面their(they)myself(Ⅰ)冠词1.定冠词的用法2.不定冠词的用法3.零冠词的用法在没有提示词的情况下,根据上下文的逻辑关系选择使用合适的定冠词、不定冠词或零冠词an a分析解读一、对于名词,主要考查以下几个方面:1.根据上下文判断名词用单数形式还是用复数形式以及复数名词的构成形式。
因此考生一定要掌握名词复数形式的构成。
2.根据所给的同根词,写出相应的名词。
因此考生要掌握英语单词的基本构词法。
3.在无提示词的情况下根据语境写出适当的名词。
这类词一般都是固定结构或根据上下文有明确的提示。
因此考生要掌握含有名词的一些固定词组。
二、对代词的考查有以下两个方面:1.根据上下文的语境写出合适的代词。
2.根据所给的同根词,写出合适的代词形式。
因此考生要掌握英语代词的各种形式之间的转换。
三、在冠词方面,根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的定冠词、不定冠词或零冠词。
在此类考查中,名词实际上起着主要的作用。
第2讲高分亮点塑造一吸引眼球的亮点词汇要想写出一篇水平比拟高的书面表达,高级词汇的使用必不可少,它会大大提升文章的档次,从而帮助考生获得高分。
要做到准确使用高级词汇,应该注意以下几个方面:——(一)使用亮点词汇的四种方法——1.标新立异“语〞众不同在写作时,恰当地使用一些别人可能想不到的词汇或表达,会表现出自己的高水平。
①Our team, besides regular training, will join in a variety of activities.→Our team, apart/aside from regular training, will join in a variety of activities.②Several days later, when the video was played at the graduation ceremony, it was very popular.→Several days later, when the video was played at the graduation ceremony, it was wellreceived.2.多样表达防止重复在写作时应尽量防止重复使用一样的单词或短语,要尽量用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。
用词不同、表达方式迥异,也是高级用法。
③We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have different ways to deal with such a situation.→We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.④We've built a new experiment building and we've also built a library where the old playground used to be.→We've built a new experiment building and we've also set up a library where the old playground used to be.3.单词短语短语优先在单词和短语表示同一个意思时,优先使用短语。
第5节形容词和副词【单句语法填空】1.There could be an even (high) cost on your health.(2018·6月浙江)答案higher解析考查形容词的比较等级。
“副词even+比较级”表示“更……”,强调程度。
2.Running is cheap,easy and it’s always (energy).(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案energetic解析考查词性转换之名词变形容词。
连系动词is后接形容词作表语,故填energy的形容词形式energetic。
3.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the (loud) of all.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案loudest解析考查副词的比较等级。
由空前的the以及空后的all可知要用最高级。
4.But something made her look closer,and she noticed a (shine) object.(2017·6月浙江) 答案shiny/shining解析考查词性转换之动词变形容词。
空格处修饰后面的名词object(物体),用形容词形式,故填shiny或shining,意为“闪闪发光的”。
5.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案fairly解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。
这里fair是形容词,修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词形式,故填fairly。
6.Pahlsson screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house.(2017·6月浙江) 答案so解析考查副词。
第3节介词【单句语法填空】1.If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.(2018·6月浙江)答案for解析for在此表示目的,意为“为了要,为了得到”。
2.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案as解析此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法。
as表示“作为”,故填as。
3.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案from解析和and前的to对应,用from。
to and from意为“来回”。
4.Drinking my iced coffee,I ran my fingers along the streets the hotel to the opera hall.(2016·10月浙江) 答案from解析这里指的是从宾馆的位臵到歌剧厅的位臵。
from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……到……”。
第二部分基础语法第1节名词【单句语法填空】1.My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案scientist解析此处介绍“我”的身份是一名科学家。
由空后who可知,定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。
故填scientist。
2.This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案pollution解析此处作动词decrease的宾语,应填名词pollution。
3.You wouldn’t think that a few (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life,and that’s also true for building your vocabulary.(2017·11月浙江) 答案months解析根据空格前的修饰语定答案。
month为可数名词,其修饰语a few意为“一些”,后跟可数名词复数形式,故month应用复数形式。
4.In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案crowds解析根据常识,地面上上下班的人群肯定不是一群人,而是一群一群的人,故填crowd 的复数形式crowds。
5.She is determined to carry on with her (educate).(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案education解析根据空格前的修饰语定答案。
前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰,故用educate 的名词形式,education是不可数名词。
6.Oh...,if you don’t mind,I’ll stop and take a deep .答案breath解析take a deep breath意为“深深地吸一口气”,属于固定搭配,故答案为breath。
【诊断报告】考点一名词的数名词单数向复数的转化规则:1.基本变化规则(1)一般在名词后加-s,变成复数。
如boy→boys,pen→pens等。
(2)以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的,在后面加-es。
如class→classes,fox→foxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches。
但stomach的复数为stomachs。
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,然后再加-es。
如baby→babies。
(4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词有些直接加-s,如safe,roof,belief等;有些要把f或fe改为v,再加-es,如thief,life,wife,shelf,self,knife,half,leaf,wolf等。
(5)以-o结尾的名词,除hero,tomato,potato等少数在后面加-es的词外,一般是在后面直接加-s。
如kilo→kilos,photo→photos,zoo→zoos,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos。
2.有些词变化不规则,需单独记忆,如:man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese,child→children,mouse→mice等。
3.复合名词的复数形式:girlfriends,boy students,passers-by,grown-ups。
例1She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案invitations解析空格前面有修饰语several,意为“几个”,其后的可数名词要用复数,由此可知,这里要用可数名词invitation的复数形式invitations。
考点二名词词性变化1.主要考查动词、形容词、副词向名词的转化例如:动词变名词:+-ion/-tion/-ition/-ation/-sion/-ment/-ance/-ence等。
2.误把形容词用作名词:作表语时,与主语构成同位关系一般用名词,形容词一般是对主语的描述。
例2Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia’s biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top (attract).答案attraction解析空格前有形容词和物主代词,因此要用名词形式。
考点三名词的所有格1.常表示有生命的东西。
如:Tom’s birthday,the dog’s owner。
2.用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。
如:(1)时间:a day’s work(一天的工作),today’s newspaper;(2)距离:twenty minutes’ ride,five minutes’ walk,a mile’s distance;(3)天体:the sun’s heat,the moon’s surface;(4)度量衡与货币价值:ten dollars’ worth,twenty pounds’ weight;(5)国家、城市等:China’s industry,the city’s development,the government’s plan,China’s development。
3.表示某人的家或店铺。
如:at the doctor’s在诊所,the tailor’s裁缝铺,the barber’s 理发店,at my uncle’s在我叔叔家。
例3Engelbart,the inventor of the computer mouse,developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer,obtaining a patent for it long before the (mouse) widespread use.答案mouse’s解析此处表示“鼠标的广泛应用”应用所有格形式,故用mouse’s。
考点四名词的固定搭配1.注意一些高频名词短语。
2.常用复数的名词搭配:make (both) ends meet使收支相抵take turns to do轮流做make repairs修理burst into tears放声大哭in all directions向四面八方例4When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his and had a bad fall.答案balance解析句意为:那个男孩在追赶他弟弟的时候,失去了平衡,狠狠地摔了一跤。
根据句中的“had a bad fall”可以推断:摔倒是因为失去了平衡。
lose one’s balance意为“某人失去平衡”。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.(2017·全国Ⅰ) 答案effects解析根据空格前的修饰语定答案。
分析语境可知,作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”,根据前文的some可知副作用有很多,故填effects。
2.But without sunlight and good soil,soon the leaves began to fall down and the (branch) began to dry.答案branches解析由空前的the可知,此处应用名词形式,且根据常识可知,树上不止一根树枝,而branch 是可数名词,故填branches。
3.“Alaya,you don’t have to do this if you don’t want to.Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasn’t going to do it,my (foot) carried me toward the pool.答案feet解析foot是可数名词,且其前没有冠词修饰,故用复数形式。
4.The little boy ate so many (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.答案potatoes解析potato前有many 修饰,故用名词的复数形式。
5.The blood on his shoes and the fingerprint on the scene were (proof) of his guilt.答案proofs解析句意为:他鞋上的血迹和现场的指纹是他犯罪的证据。
根据句意,再结合空格前的系动词were,根据主谓一致原则,确定用复数形式。
6.DeLome supervised the project from the (begin) to the end.He says the specialized requirements of robot were demanding.答案beginning解析句意为:德洛姆从头至尾监督了这项工程。
设空前为定冠词the,因此应用名词,根据句意应填beginning。