Narration-point of view

阅读课当中分析各种语篇类型的语篇特征是一种新的题型，符合了2017年普通高中英语新课程标准核心素养中语篇类型素养。

列举常见的几种常见的语篇类型和分析特征的角度。

Four Types of CompositionNarration (记叙文)1.Definition: To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events.2.Characteristics of Narration(1)Elements: when; where; who; what; why; how(2)Point of View: A narrative essay must be written from a particular point of view (first person point of view, third person point of view). Each has its advantages and disadvantages.(3)Order: In narration, time structures all details. It is called chronological order or time order. Flash back: begin at one point in time, and then flash back to an earlier action or event.(4)Tense: Stories happened in the past. So generally we use past tense in narration. 记录的是一般的性的事实可用一般现在时。

Description (描写文)1.Definition: Description is painting in words of a person, place, object, or scene.2.Structure①Introduction: lead-in and thesis statement②Body: including one or more paragraphs. Each paragraph describes one point.③Conclusion: restate the main impression and draw a summary3.Types of description①Objective description-②Subjective description-4.Ways to develop a description essay①Through the impressions of one’s senses---sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch②Using spatial order: describing the physical layout of the place(left>right, bottom>top, clockwise/counterclockwise, inside>outside)③Using chronological order④Use specific words⑤Decide on the dominant impression5.Describing a Place: location, area, transport, population, history, places of interest, something special6.Describing an object: ①State briefly how you got the object, if this is important. ②Provide some basic factual information about it(its size, shape, texture, color, ect.)③Point out its useful features(uses, functions, etc.)④Focus on a particular, probably the most important characteristic of the object⑤State in what way the object is important to you7.Describing a Person: ①appearance ②language ③behavior ④manner ⑤psychology. In describing a person, the writer should not merely give details of his appearance. He should try to reveal the person’s character, thoughts, and feelings, which may be shown in what the person does and says, or in how he behaves to others.Exposition(说明文)1.IntroductionExpository writing is the most widely used type. Exposition means explaining. An expository paper explains something, such as the process of making a machine, the causes of a natural or social phenomenon, the solution of a problem. It mainly deals with processes and relationships. Expository writing in most cases requires a rather impersonal attitude. It can be handled successfully only with careful and logical thinking.2. 2 kinds①“how”---it explains a process, how to do sth.eg. How to cook a dishHow to learn English well②“what”---it explains an idea, a phenomenon, etc.eg. Culture shock2.Structure①Introduction: lead into the subject and state thesis statement. It is advisable to state the thesis in the first paragraph.②Body: develop the thesis statement③Conclusion: summarize the previous discussion; restate thesis statement; propose a solution; predict a result, etc.3.Developing Methods①illustration ②classification ③comparison and contrast④cause and effect ⑤definition ⑥showing a processArgumentation (议论文)1.Definition: An argumentative or persuasive essay states a strong personal opinion for the purpose of influencing its readers. It aims to Change reader’s mind, influence their decision or win their support2.StructureIntroduction: to lead in the topic by background information, then state thesis statementBody: ①to provide support for thesis statement because others may or may not agree with it; ②to convince readers by reasons or examples ③to prove why your idea is acceptableMany methods to support thesis: comparison\contrast, cause and effect, classification, definition, examples, facts.Conclusion:①emphasize the main point and have a strong impact ②don’t present any new argument in conclusion ③convince readers that the essay has covered all the most important arguments about the issue.。

Chapter5. Points of View-Reading一、章节分析（Reading section ）（一）综述本单元由Debbie和Mr.Yang的争论引出一则新闻和三封不同观点的来信，通过对新闻和来信的学习，使学生了解社会上对孩子消费的不同理解，从而树立正确的价值观。

本课的任务有两个：1对课文进行整体阅读。

培养学生略读（获取大意）、扫读（整理有关信息）、细读（分析篇章结构，慨括中心）等阅读能力。

2与时俱进。

结合课文知道什么是正确的消费观念，对于现阶段自己的消费能力应该怎么树立正确的价值观。

（二）阅读目标1知识目标学习课文中重点词、词组、句型和语法。

2能力目标提高学生的阅读理解能力和培养学生的阅读技巧。

阅读准备（收集相关资料）、略读（获取大意）、扫读（整理有关信息）、细读（分析篇章结构，慨括中心）等是高中学生必须具备的阅读技能。

3情感目标帮助学生对“points of view” 有更深入的思考，学会正确的消费观念。

（三）教学方法采用任务型教学法组织教学，通过比较，讨论等具体活动，达到教学效果。

（四）重点和难点1词汇学习1)核心词汇●argument●target●advertisement●estimate●identify●possessions●inferior●illegal●commercial●reference●materialistic●authority●ban2)拓展词汇●according to (Scanning中)●aim at●calculation●investigation●result3)词组和短语●to get the attention of●identify with●turn into●take action to do●make sb. fell inferior●with reference to●allow sb. to do●disagree with2 句型学习●make sb. +v.原形二、教学设计（Teaching Designs）Step One Warming-up1. Show the TV commercial of Mc Donald’s （见“卖当劳广告”视频文件）Questions:How much money do they need to make this ad?Why do they make this ad?Who will buy the food?2. Different TV commercials have different target audience.Show some pictures for students to find out the target audience.Eg: Cars------- rich manMilk powder--------babiesStep Two Task cycle---readingI. Skimming P751.What are these four reading materials?2.What does “Little spenders are Big Spenders” mean?II．Listen to the tape and finish the following choices1.What are getting smaller?n familiesb. American familiesc. African families2. How many TV commercials does a Hong Kong child see in a year?a.About 15,000b. about 25,000c. about 20,0003. Where was the survey on what children wanted most in life made?a. In Japanb. in Chinac. in AmericaIII．Scanning I1.Why are Asia’s children becoming the fastest growing consumer group?2.What do advertisers do to get the attention of these young viewers?3.What do some educators believe?4.What action are governments taking to protect children?IV．Listen to the rest of the passage and do the T or F exercise.1.It is legal for children to work in factories.2.The aim of advertising is to make them ask their parents for money to buy things.3.Children can learn a lot from the silly toys.4.‘Smart tortoises’ are one of the world’s best-selling toys, ever.V．Scanning IIPoints of View on TV commercialsStep Three ConsolidationSummaryBeginner: With reference to the news, people get different points of view. Body: Elvis Hu thinks that...And in ... opinion, ... But/However,... Conclusion: Well, in my opinion/ from my point of view, I agree with... because I think...Step Four Reflection --- Post-readingDiscussionWhat is your point of view ? Will you be the big spenders? Will you buy those toys?Step Five HomeworkFinish the exercise on Page 78 and 79.（见课件points of view. ppt）。

What is narrative point of view ?Narrative point of view is the perspective from which the narrator tells a story.What is the kinds of narrative point of view ?1.First Person Point of ViewA narrator that uses first person uses "I" and "me" and knows only her own thoughts.•A first person narrator is usually also the main character, or protagonist, in a story. Because the protagonist only knows his own thoughts, his perspective is limited. The reader only receives information from the protagonist's perspective, and he may be naïve or unreliable. However, first person narration imparts to the reader a sense of immediacy and realism. Additionally, because the reader sees events through the eyes of the protagonist, the reader almost feels as though he were part of the character.Literary Examples of First Person Point of ViewA first person narrator largely influences a reader's perspective of events. In "To Kill A Mockingbird" by Harper Lee, the reader experiences the story through the eyes (and memory) of Scout, as she struggles tounderstand intensifying social conflicts around her. Because she is only a little girl, her interpretation of events is not only humorous but also allows the reader to perceive events from a fresh, innocent point of view, one that is untainted by prejudice and hate. Author Charlotte Perkins Gillman also chose a first person narrator for her short story "The Yellow Wallpaper." The reader experiences first-hand the hallucinations of a mad woman, but her vague understanding of the remedies of her doctor husband leave the reader wondering how mad she really is.2.Third Person Omniscient Point of ViewA narrator that speaks in third person omniscient uses only "she," "he" and "they" and knows the thoughts of all characters, like an all-seeing god.•An omniscient narrator, because she can see the thoughts of all characters, is generally trustworthy. Observing the story through a third person omniscient narrator may allow the reader to make more informed judgment calls about characters because his information is not limited. However, an omniscient narrator is not necessarily without bias; even an omniscient narrator frames a storyfor the reader, and an author can create a narrator how she likes. Readers should consider an omniscient narrator as a character, just like the other characters in the story.Literary Examples of Third Person Omniscient Point of ViewThe use of third person omniscient creates a grand, epic tone for the three part saga "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien. The story reads like folklore or fairy tale, with an all-seeing storyteller chronicling events that shaped the history of Middle Earth. With a cast of more than a dozen characters, the narrator not only delves into the thoughts of the unlikely hero, Frodo Baggins, but also his companions and even enemies to craft a rich tapestry of identities. Similarly, the narrator in "Silas Marner" by George Eliot relates the thoughts of all characters to the reader, but this narrator does not refrain from making judgments and personal observations about them. Learning that the thoughts of various characters conflict with each other, such as those of Silas Marner and Godrey Cass, heightens tension for the reader.。

英语作文把第一人称的作文改成第三人称的改英文回答：1. Why did the author choose to write in the third person?The author may have chosen to write in the third person for a variety of reasons. Perhaps they wanted to create a more objective or distant perspective, or they wanted to explore different characters' perspectives without being limited to a single narrator's point of view.2. How does writing in the third person affect thereader's experience of the story?Writing in the third person can make the reader feelmore like an observer, rather than a participant, in the story. This can create a sense of detachment or objectivity, which can be useful for certain types of stories. However,it can also make it harder for readers to connect with the characters or become fully immersed in the story.3. What are some examples of famous works that arewritten in the third person?There are countless examples of famous works that are written in the third person, spanning a wide range ofgenres and styles. Some examples include "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen, "To Kill a Mockingbird" byHarper Lee, "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien.中文回答：1. 作者为什么选择用第三人称写作？作者可能出于各种原因选择用第三人称写作。

英语作文的point of viewTitle: The Importance of Point of View in English CompositionIntroductionIn the world of English composition, point of view plays a crucial role in shaping the narrative, conveying the author's message, and engaging the reader. Whether it's first-person, second-person, or third-person perspective, the choice of point of view can greatly impact the effectiveness of a piece of writing. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of point of view in English composition and how it influences the overall tone, character development, and storytelling.First-person PerspectiveThe first-person point of view is when the narrator is a character within the story and uses pronouns like "I" and "we" to tell the tale. This perspective allows for a more personal and intimate connection between the reader and the character, as the reader is able to see events unfold through the eyes of the protagonist. First-person narration can create a sense of immediacy and authenticity, making the reader feel as though they are experiencing the story firsthand. It also allows fordeeper exploration of the character's thoughts, emotions, and motivations, providing insight into their psyche.One of the key advantages of using first-person perspective is the ability to create a strong and distinct narrative voice. The narrator's unique voice and perspective can greatly enhance the storytelling, making it more engaging and compelling for the reader. Additionally, first-person narration can help to establish a personal connection with the reader, drawing them into the story and evoking empathy and understanding for the character's experiences.Second-person PerspectiveThe second-person point of view is less commonly used in English composition but can be a powerful storytelling tool when employed effectively. In second-person narration, the author addresses the reader directly using pronouns like "you" and "your," creating a sense of immediacy and involvement. This perspective can make the reader feel as though they are an active participant in the story, as if the events are unfolding in real-time around them.One of the primary challenges of using second-person perspective is maintaining the reader's engagement and suspension of disbelief. Because the reader is directly addressedas a character in the narrative, it can be difficult to maintain a sense of realism and authenticity. However, when done well, second-person narration can create a unique and immersive reading experience, drawing the reader into the story and making them an integral part of the unfolding events.Third-person PerspectiveThe third-person point of view is the most commonly used perspective in English composition, and for good reason. In third-person narration, the author refers to the characters by their names or pronouns like "he," "she," and "they," allowing for a more objective and omniscient viewpoint. This perspective provides a broader scope of the story, enabling the author to explore multiple characters, settings, and plotlines in greater depth.One of the key advantages of using third-person perspective is the flexibility it offers in storytelling. The author can easily switch between different characters' perspectives, providing a more comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of the events unfolding. This allows for greater complexity and depth in character development, as the reader gains insight into the thoughts and motivations of multiple characters.ConclusionIn conclusion, point of view is a crucial element in English composition that influences the overall tone, character development, and storytelling. Whether it's first-person, second-person, or third-person perspective, the choice of point of view can greatly impact the effectiveness of a piece of writing. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each perspective, authors can harness the power of point of view to create engaging, compelling, and immersive narratives that resonate with readers.。