《专业英语》复习资料-翻译句子

专业英语重点段落翻译Unit 4 回转壳体的薄膜应力A shell of revolution is回转壳体是由一条直线或曲线绕一根旋转形成的（一个回转实体是由一个面绕一根轴旋转而成的）。

Most process vessels are made up 大多数过程容器是由回转壳体组成的：圆柱形和圆锥形部件；半球形，椭圆形和准球形的封头；图.1.13。

The walls of thin vessels can be 薄的容器壁被称为“薄膜”；承受载荷不引起严重的弯曲和过大的剪切应力；就象气球的外壁一样。

The analysis of the membrane对受内压回转壳的薄膜应力分析为确定容器壳体最小壁厚奠定了基础。

实际的厚度要求同样取决于容器所承受的载荷所产生的应力。

Consider the shell of revolution假设大致形状如图1.14的回转壳体在载荷作用下做对称的旋转；在壳体单位面积上所受的载荷（压力）在周向方向是一致的，但是从顶部到底部并不是一模一样的。

Unit 5 机械振动Vibrations are sometimes used to produce desirable effects. For example, vibrators are used to compact concrete in the forms and to separate the grain from the chaff in threshing machines.Instruments which function properly on an airplane with a conventional engine may tend to stick when used in gliders orjet-powered planes because of thelack of vibration. In such instances, a vibrator is sometimes installed on the instrument panel.有时候振动也能产生有益的效果。

翻译练习9---14参考1、A) She doesn’t wea r her usual lipstick but wears some perfume today.抹口红B) She wears a white dress, an orchid corsage, and a rather lovely, awkward smile.她身穿白色连衣裙，胸前佩戴着淡紫色胸花，脸上露出一丝可爱羞涩的笑容。

C) She wears a permanent smile.她脸上始终带着微笑D) She wears the slimness of her mother. 和她母亲一样苗条E) She really wears her years well. 她保养得非常好.A)我很荣幸代表中国政府和人民向各位外来使节表示热烈欢迎。

I feel honored to express this warm welcome on behalf of Chinese government and people to distinguished diplomatic envoys.B)我以能在此设宴各位贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快。

It is my privilege and great pleasure to host this banquet in honor of all distinguished guests.C)请允许我请各位与我一起举杯，为我们两国的友谊和合作干杯！May I ask you to join me in a toast to the friendship and cooperation between our two countries.A、请问您是来自加拿大的史密斯先生吗？Excuse me, are you Mr. Smith from Canada?A、久闻先生大名，我是加中贸易理事会上海办事处代表。

专业英语复习资料1. 专业词语互译：〔考其中20个〕2. 英译中：〔考其中5句〕1.It is important for a novice designer to understand the fact that beautiful and practi cal design solutions don’t appear out of thin air like magic.2.The design process is a framework of steps, incorporating both rational and intuitive phrases, that aid the designer to organize his/her work, thoughts, and feelings in an effort to produce the best design solution possible.3.The purpose of a foundation is to carry the load of a structure and spread it over a greater area, evenly and without undue settlement, to the ground beneath.4.A foundation normally consists of either plain or reinforced concrete, which should be laid sufficiently below the ground frost level to avoid the possible danger of frozen soil lifting it.5.Precast concrete blocks are made by pouring unset concrete into a mold and allowing it to harden.6.Solid walling is generally constructed of either bricks, precast concrete blocks or in-situ concrete.7.Solid ground floors are neatly always of concrete laid on hardcore beds and are reinforced with mesh reinforcement.8.The inclusion of reinforced beams in a reinforced concrete floor adds to its strength and loading capacity.9.The main advantages of flat roofs are that they are comparatively simple to construct and generally less costly than pitched roofs.10.I n the design of pitched roofs, one of the most important factors is the degree of the pitch or slope, which depends mainly on the material used to cover the roofs.11.T he disruption of road and real traffic, so often experienced when a flyover, an underpass or a service is being constructed, can be minimized in those constructions incorporating prefabrication.12.T he main advantage of factory industrialized building is that the prefabricated units can be produced to a very high standard of precision and a consistently high quality.13.T here remains very little in the world of building and civil engineering that cannot be constructed effectively and attractively by means of prefabricated units.14.T he inability of existing road systems of large towns to cope with modern traffic requirements has made tunnel construction a proposition well worth serious consideration.15.M odern equipment and ingenuity have enabled the construction of tunnels to be far less laborious than hitherto.16.T he ability of roads to enable traffic to flow freely and safely between the industrial and commercial centres contributes enormously towards a progressive economy.17.A ccording to Leonhardt, the composite concrete deck is also economical for triple-span cable-stayed suspension bridge, but only for those with a center span of up to 700 meters.18.I n planning the layout of drains (normally regarded as pipes serving one building) or sewers ( pipes serving more than one building), the pipes should, wherever possible, fall with the ground contours, so that the excavation is kept to a minimum.阅读理解〔考其中三段，题型为判断题以及单项选择题〕：Passage One: Structural DesignIn structural engineering, structural design is an iterative process of applying engineering mechanics and past experience to create a functional, economic, and, most importantly, safe structure for the public to inhabit or to use. Using structural analysis techniques and conforming to design specifications and the local design codes, the structural design engineer works to create a solution that is to everyone's benefit.Structural design is an expression of an understanding of the flow of forces. The distribution of forces is initially understood diagramatically and mathematically. Based on this scientific understanding, sketches of members and connections are developed. Structural design which is highly expressive of the flow of forces is also associated with modern architectural design.Structural design includes accommodation for the practicalities of construction, including on site assembly, shop assembled components, accessibility, and maintenance.Passage Two: Deep FoundationA deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished from shallow foundations by the depth they are embedded into the ground. There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, but some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a poor soil at shallow depth, or site constraints (like property lines). There are different terms used to describe different types of deep foundations including piles, drilled shafts, caissons, and piers. The naming conventions may vary between engineering disciplines and firms. Deep foundations can be made out of timber, steel, reinforced concrete and pre-tensioned concrete. Deep foundations can be installed by either driving them into the ground or drilling a shaft and filling it with concrete, mass or reinforced.Passage Three: Load-bearing wallA load-bearing wall or bearing wall, is one in which a wall of a structure bears the weight and force resting upon it, conducting the vertical load from the upper structure to the foundation.A bearing wall is opposed to a curtain wall, which uses the strength of a sub-wall to bear the weight of the curtain such as the brick facade on a skyscraper, and superstructure, usually a steel frame, to carry the weight of the floors and walls inside the curtain walls protection. The materials most often used to construct load-bearing walls in large buildings are concrete, block, or brick.Passage Four: Floor numberingIn most of continental Europe, as well as the British Isles and much of the Commonwealth and Latin America, the floor at the ground level is the ground floor and the floor above is the first floor, which maintains the continental European use that dates from the days of the construction of palaces.In North American usage (with certain exceptions in Quebec),however, the floor at the ground level is usually, but not always, the first floor and the floor above is the second floor; this system is also used in Russia, parts of Scandinavia outside Denmark and some countries of the former Soviet Union or Eastern bloc.China, Taiwan, and Japan follow the American system, except that the numbers used are cardinals ("1F, 2F") rather than ordinals ("1st/2nd fl." or "fl. 1/2").Passage Five: Pavement engineeringPavement engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to design and maintain flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements. This includes streets and highways and involves knowledge of soils, hydraulics, and material properties. Pavement engineering involves new construction as well as rehabilitation and maintenance of existing pavements. Maintenance often involves using engineering judgment to make maintenance repairs with the highest long-term benefit and lowest cost. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) is an example of an engineering approach applied to existing pavements. Another example is the use of a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to non-destructively test existing pavements. Calculation of pavement layer strengths can be performed from the resulting deflection data.Passage Six:. PrefabricationPrefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located. The term is used to distinguish this process from the more conventional construction practice of transporting the basic materials to the construction site where all assembly is carried out.The term prefabrication also applies to the manufacturing of things other than structures at a fixed site. It is frequently used when fabrication of a section of a machine or any movable structure is shifted from the main manufacturing site to another location, and the section is supplied assembled and ready to fit. It is not generally used to refer to electrical or electronic components of a machine, or mechanical parts such as pumps, gearboxes and compressors which are usually supplied as separate items, but to sections of the body of the machine which in the past were fabricated with the whole machine. Prefabricated parts of the body of the machine may be called 'sub-assemblies' to distinguish them from the other components.Passage Seven: Types of bridgesThere are six main types of bridges: beam bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges and truss bridges:(1) Beam bridges are horizontal beams supported at each end by piers. Weight on top of the beam pushes straight down on the piers at either end of the bridge.(2) Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers — horizontal beams that are supported on only one end. Most cantilever bridges use two cantilever arms extending from opposite sides of the obstacle to be crossed, meeting at the center.(3) Arch bridges are arch-shaped and have abutments at each end. The weight of the bridge is thrust into the abutments at either side.(4) Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers that are attached to caissons or cofferdams. The caissons or cofferdams are implanted deep into the floor of a lake or river.(5) Like suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges are held up by cables. However, in a cable-stayed bridge, less cable is required and the towers holding the cables are proportionately shorter.(6) Truss bridges are composed of connected elements. They have a solid deck and a lattice of pin-jointed girders for the sides.Passage Eight: Civil EngineeringCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it was defined to distinguish it from military engineering. It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering. Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably. In the 18th century, the term civil engineering began to be used to and exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of distinguish it from military engineering.。

Masters对话一：A:Knowledge automation seems ridiculous?A：知识自动化似乎很可笑？B:Oh,no.Knowledge automation really matters.B：哦，不。

知识自动化非常重要。

A:Knowledge and automation,how can they be combined with each other?A：知识和自动化，他们如何可以相互结合？B:Knowledge automation can not be interpreted separately.B：知识自动化不能单独解释。

A:This frustrates me even further.A：这让我更迷惑了。

B:Knowledge automation enables knowledge acquisition automatically.B：知识自动化能够自动实现知识获取。

A:Well.I appreciate that very much,and tomorrow I can have a good understanding about robot for I can draw the knowledge of robot from you directly.A：好的。

我非常感激，明天我可以有一个很好的了解机器人，我可以直接从你的机器人的知识。

B:You are naïve!It is still impossible for knowledge spreading from person to person directly,like filling water from cup to cup.However,optimistically,knowledge automation can provide us the capability of knowledge extractionfrom the surroundings easily.B：你是天真的！人们仍然不可能直接传播知识，例如将水从杯子灌装到杯子。