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英语猜词技巧一、巧设语境，传授新知。
一说起猜词技巧，同学或多或少知道一些。
但是，在做题时他们还是不知所措。
归根结底，是因为他们只知道猜词的理论而缺乏施行。
猜词能力的培养是一个潜移默化的过程，所以我们要充分利用每一个机会，巧设语境，让同学在具体的施行中体会猜词的技巧，从而提升其猜词的能力。
例如，讲授新词汇时，不要先告诉同学该词汇的意思，而是利用同学所熟悉的其它词汇和句型构造一个语言环境，让他们在此语言环境中去推测新词的意思。
同学要想准确猜出词意，必须充分注意并综合例句中的其它信息，然后进行联想、推断。
这样一来，在培养同学猜词能力的同时，还激发了同学的学习兴趣，培养同学的动脑能力，也有效地复习了其它单词、短语或句型。
这样一举"四得'，何乐而不为呢?二、充分利用课本培养同学的猜词能力。
课本是同学学习的主要内容，充分利用课本会收到事倍功半的效果。
依据新教材的编排特点，各单元都有两篇阅读文章。
正确引导同学在课文的语言环境中理解和推测词意是培养同学猜词能力的有效途径之一。
三、强化针对性的实战学习。
课本上的文章和考试试卷上的文章还是有差别的。
为了让同学能适应考试的题型，在平常还要多进行针对性的学习。
高考试题的水平是很高的，做高考试题中的猜词题关于同学来说是一个很好的锻炼机会。
充分利用高考试卷，进行实战演练，总结得失，以便更好地掌握和运用猜词技巧。
2高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧依据上下文语境进行推测一个单词或词组确实切含义是和它所处的上下文语境分不开的，所以我们可借助上下文语境对必须要推测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
依据同义、反义关系进行推测在文章中，当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此我们可以确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域。
如happyandgay即使你不知道gay的意思，也能猜出其意为"快乐的'。
依据同位关系或文中定义解释推测文章中的难词后面往往有一个同位语、that is，this is、破折号或定语从句等对其进行解释。
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。
如：例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。
例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
同学们应加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能。
由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等，因此联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，同学们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有：（一）根据构词法判断词义三种构词法，即合成、转化、派生，是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法。
合成法：通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义；转化法：通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思，常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化；派生法：由一个词根加前缀（p refix）或后缀（suffix）构成词的方法称为派生法。
一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。
所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀，我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义。
（二）根据语境判断词义这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的判断断词义的能力。
语境可能是一个句子、几个句子、甚至一个段落或通篇文章。
我们可分别将其称为小语境、中语境和大语境。
1.小语境(1)定义式常用的词有：be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,be c alled,define,represent,refer to等。
例1：Mark Twain was not the author‘s real name;it w as a pseudonym.例2：Mechanized farming means the use of modern m achinery on farms.(2)例举式常用词有：for example,for instance,such as,like等。
例1：Newly-married young people often spend some o f their money on appliances,for instance,washing-machines,r efrigerators and televisions.例2：Doctors suggest that everyone should exercise ev ery day,especially those who do sedentary work，like readi ng,typing and sewing.(3)重述式常用词有：and,or,similarly,that is(to say),in other words, namely,say,i.e.等例1：Red had the longest wavelength;that is,the distan ce between each wave is longest in redlight than in any ot her color.例2：The football player was penalized for his rudene ss and the punishment was a good lesson for him.(4)同位语构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。
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猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。
掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。
1．构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able 是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
2．利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
3．利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
4．利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
2023年高考英语阅读理解专题04 猜词题专题04 猜词题Part1 技巧导图Part2 知识详解Part3 词义猜测题特点Part4 词义猜测题七大猜词技巧Part5 构词法基础知识Part1 技巧导图Part2 知识详解Part3 词义猜测题特点猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词义猜测题思维导图【设问形式】•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .•“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?•What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?Part4 词义猜测题七大猜词技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
1、定或解明1. be called ⋯ 3. means ⋯ 4. be defined as⋯toWe can feel acceleration , which is an increase in speed. But we notice itfor only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff runof an airplane.1.the underlined word acceleration means _______.A. any kind of movementB. the movement of aplane C. a steady speedD. to make something mover faster2、比关系1. but/however/yet/while ⋯2. otherwise/or/or else ⋯3. instead of though/as◎John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.◎ If you agree, write“ yes”; if you dissent, write“no”.◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolenthe money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing.(2008 江卷， A 篇) Wecan allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy(人 ). However, we can also take control of it and make it our ally.56.The underlined word “ally ” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______.A. your slave and serves youB.your supporter and helps youC. under your control and obeys youD.under your influence and follows you3、因果关系since/as/for/due to ⋯therefore/thus/consequently⋯⋯that/such⋯that◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it wastoo long.◎The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom evenwhen it is shallow(浅的).(2009 安徽卷， B 篇) Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as“boats on land” for their ability to carryloads.60.The words “boats on land ” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to __ A．animals for taking goodsB. creatures for pulling plows（犁）C. treasures of the folk cultureD. tools in the farming economy4、例法1. such as/for example/ for instance2. Like including 5. consist of◎Cars must have certain safety and good brakes （刹） .◎On the farm they mainly raise geese, for their eggs and meat.devices such as seat belt,headlights, poultry, such as chickens, ducks and(09 福建卷， E 篇) In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions( 排放物 ) to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points,such as the melting(消融 )of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.73. The underlined words“tipping points ” most probably refer to “_______”.A. freezing pointsB. burning pointsC. melting pointsD. boiling points5、重述is ( to say )⋯ 2. in other words/or⋯put it anot her way ⋯◎In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers haveto irrigate, or water their fields.◎ All whales consist of two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.6.前后猜1).常前dis-/in-/non-/ir-否认前re-再⋯mini -小over- 度 super-超 pre-前猜： recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal2). 常后-er/-or/-ian/-ist/-ese ⋯人special a. 特的specialist n.家-able/-ful/-ish/-ern形容后reach v. 抵达reachable adj.可得的-ment/-tion/-ture/-ness名后careless a. 马虎的carelessness n.马虎（ 2008 全国卷 I, B 篇） The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.62.The underlined word “fixture ” in Paragraph 3 probably refers tosomething ______.people enjoy eatingB. that is always presentC. that is difficult to getD. that people use as a gift1.(2009 天津卷， A 篇） Frequently it happens that a place has two names:One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by itsunofficial name long after the meaning is lost.37.What does the underlin ed phrase “die hard ” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly.B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously.D. Disappear very slowly.2. （2009 陕西卷， C 篇） Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth inthe old wives’ tales.50.The phrase “hold water ” in the last paragraph most probablymeans“_______”.A. to be believableB. to be valuableC. to be admirableD. to be suitableman’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage( 宗系 ), and his tribe. 1).The word “disgrace ” means ____ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame4. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolutionhe was banished . A few membersof the Senate( 参议院 ) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.1). The underlined word“ banished” mean _______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whipping5. Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well preparedfor my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I wouldfall apart. I could just blank out because of nervousness and fear.”1). T he phrase “blank out ” in Paragraph 1 refers to“_______. ”A. lose interest in the examB. refuse to take the examC. get an extra paperD. be unable to think clearly1. Albert ’s success after much effort and practice proves the va lue of persistence.A. timeB. competitionC. perseverance2. All his attempts to unlock the door wasfutile , because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的B. 白费的C.有效的D. 急促的3.Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he hasalready made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上司B.前任C.同事D.下级4. She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A. 漫不经心的B. 紧张的C.聚精会神的D. 睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister wasquite sedate.6.He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something,he won’t give it up halfway.7.The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man toldhim that he worked as an engineer.A. workB. studyC. nameD. interest8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs whichwas so different from that inside the city.A. townB. capitalC. countryD. house9.You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.A. dictionariesB. story-booksC. magazinesD. newspapers10. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeterB. became redC. became dry11.Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous countryroad instead of the more direct highway.12.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see allthe exhibits in one day.A. smallB. largeC. dullis usually prompt for all her classes ， but she arrived in the middle of her first class today.A ． late B．on time C．pleasedsaw an owl last night but it flew away when he got nearA．a bird B．an animal C．the sunchildren are looking at a large, hairy(毛的) ape at the zookind of monkey B．a kind of snake C．a kind of fruitlady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cupon．A．a glass B．a cake C．a small plate。
