主谓一致用法

主谓一致用法大全宝安高级中学顾永编写一、由and或both …and连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，例如：Li Hong and I are going there tomorrow.Tom and Mike work hard at Chinese.Mary and her brother are sitting on the grass.Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery.Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.注：虽然由and连接，但实际上是指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词应当用单数。

这时应注意冠词的用法，如：The poet and writer has gone to Shenzhen.There is a knife and fork on the table.Here is a needle and thread for you.The bread and butter has gone bad.Bread and butter tastes good.cf. The bread and the butter taste good.二、由as well as, with, together with, along with, no less than, like, but, not, except, besides, rather than, including等连接的两个主语，其谓语动词应与第一个保持人称和数的一致，因为as well as等后面的主语只是一个陪衬，对第一个主语不发生影响。

例如：Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.We as well as he are interested in physics.The teacher, together with his students, is going to see the film.The teacher, together with his students, has gone to the park.Many people, including my mother, want to buy this kind of cloth.Nothing but two books was found in the box.三、由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数，如：Every door and every window is to be cleaned.Every teacher and every student was present.Each boy and each girl was given a present.Each teapot and each teacup has been washed clean.No teacher and (no) student is allowed to enter the room without permission.No teacher and no student was absent.四、each本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数，如：Each of the books is of great use to us.Each of us has something to say.Each of them / the students has a dictionary.They each have a dictionary.The children have a story book each.五、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，都作单数看待，谓语动词用单数，例如：Something is wrong with the machine.Nobody knows where Tom lives.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Nobody wants to go there, does he?Is anybody going to tell him the news?Everything is ready.There is nobody in the house.Someone wants to see you.六、one, the other, another作主语时，谓语动词应当用单数，如：One of them is my friend; the other is a stranger to me.cf. Where are the other students?七、either和neither作主语时，在正式文体中要与单数动词连用；但在非正式文体和美国英语中可与复数动词连用；当either或neither 后面跟有of them, of the books等时，用复数动词较好，如：I wrote to John and Henry but neither (of them) has / have replied; in fact, I doubt if either (of them) is / are coming.Neither of the answers is correct.Either of you is to stay here.Neither of them knows / know the answer.八、“many a(n) +单数动词”在意义上表示复数，且强调数量之多，但其谓语动词应使用单数，如：Many a foreign guest has come to China to visit the Great Wall.Many a boy has made such a funny experiment.Many a man has sacrificed his life for the cause of the revolution.注：当a good / great many +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，如：There are a great many students working in the room.九、“more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意思为“不止一个”，但因有one ，谓语动词要用单数，如：More than one person was dismissed.More than one person has made the suggestion.More than one person was involved in the case.More than one student was praised at the meeting.There is more than one answer to your question.注①：如果more than直接加复数名词作主语，则谓语动词用复数，如：More than two hundred people are to attend this meeting.More than two hundred people have visited the village.注②：如果more than one后面没有名词，那么谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这要取决于more和one哪一个重读，如：More thanˊone is going.ˊMore than one are going.十、单个的不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，如：Serving the people is my great happiness.Playing with fire is dangerous.To see is to believe.To master a foreign language requires at least several years.What he says is wrong / is quite right.When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.cf. When to build the factory and where to build it are not decided yet.注：如果两个或两个以上的并列词组或从句作主语，表示两件事，并且不使用形式主语时，谓语动词大多使用复数形式，如：Reading and listening are two different skills.Swimming and skating are my favourite sports.What he says and what he does do not agree.十一、由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接两个或多个并列主语时，谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则，与其靠近的一个相一致，如：He or you have taken my pen.He or you are to do this experiment.Either you or I am mad / wrong.Either you or he is to blame. (Are either you or he to blame?)Neither the students nor the teacher likes the film.Neither Tom nor his parents have known about it.Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.Not only his brother but also his two sisters are fond of sports.Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.注①：在非正式文体中，由neither…nor连接的并列主语也可以根据意义一致的原则，采取复数形式，如：Neither my father nor I were there that day.Neither he nor his wife have arrived.注②：由either…or和or连接的两个单数名词作主语，在非正式文体中，有时也可跟复数动词，但在大多数情况下还是应根据就近一致的原则，如：If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. (非正式)If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drink. (正式)十二、当all, part, most, half, the rest, the remainder等表示全体、部分的名词或代词用作主语时，应根据意义一致的原则确定谓语的形式，如果所指的是复数意义，动词用复数；如果只是概括地指整个事件、事情或抽象概念，即所指的是单数意义，动词则用单数，如：All that can be done has been done.Since all are here, let’s begin the meeting.All that glitters is not gold.All of them were very tired.The rest of the lecture is dull.The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.Half of the building was destroyed.Half of the students are boys.Most of my friends are away for the moment.Most of his spare time was wasted.This is the last copy; the rest are sold.There is plenty of milk. Some is for you; the rest is for him.十三、①none of与复数名词连用时，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，这主要看说话人的态度；在非正式文体中复数更常见，例如：None of my friends ever come(s) to see me.None of us are / is afraid of difficulties.None of the passengers were / was injured.None (of them) have / has arrived yet.None have had their lunch. (None has had his lunch.)注：none用于三个或三个以上的人和物的否定；两者用neither。