定语从句-优优德语李雪老师总结版.doc

定语从句（形容词性从句）在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句1．关系代词who，whom，which, whose, that, as2．关系副词when，where，why3．介词+关系代词whom, which非限制性定语从句1．关系代词who, whom，which，whose, as2．关系副词when, where一、限制性与非限制性定语从句如：I want this man, who ( = for he) can speak English.He gave up the plan, which ( = though it) was a very good one.He has two sons, who work in the same company. ( He has only two sons. )He has two sons who work in the same company. ( Perhaps he has more than two sons. )2．非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法(1)关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略；(2) who（主语），whom（宾语），which（主语，宾语）不能用that代替，也不能互相替换；(3)介词+ which/whom+从句结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面；(4) when，where可用于非限制性定语从句。

二、关系代词的用法（一）关系代词的作用和分类1．关系代词的作用有三个：(1)连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；(2)替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；(3)成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。

2．关系代词的用法分类关系代词的用法分类有三点依据：(1)根据引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语、表语或定语。

定语从句总结(精辟).doc定语从句总结（精辟）引言定语从句是英语中用于修饰名词或代词的从句，它在句子中充当形容词的角色，提供有关先行词的额外信息。

定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，这些词在从句中充当主语、宾语或状语。

定语从句的分类定语从句主要分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词进行限定，是句子不可分割的一部分。

这类从句通常不用逗号与主句分开。

例句：The books that are on the table are mine.（桌子上的书是我的。

）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后主句意义仍然完整。

这类从句通常用逗号与主句隔开。

例句：My car, which is red, is parked outside.（我的车，是红色的，停在外边。

）引导定语从句的关系词关系词是引导定语从句的词，它们在从句中充当一定的成分。

关系代词who - 指人，作主语。

whom - 指人，作宾语。

whose - 指人或物，作定语。

which - 指物，作主语或宾语。

that - 既可指人也可指物，作主语或宾语。

例句：The man who is talking to John is my uncle.（正在和约翰说话的那个人是我的叔叔。

）关系副词where - 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。

when - 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。

why - 指原因，在从句中作原因状语。

例句：I will never forget the day when we first met.（我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

）定语从句的省略在某些情况下，定语从句中的主语和宾语可以省略，尤其是当它们与主句中的名词或代词相同的时候。

例句：The book (which) you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书非常有趣。

定语从句初级知识点总结一、定义和基本结构定语从句是由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或者关系副词（where, when, why）引导的从句，修饰名词或代词的从句。

定语从句通常跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后，用来对其进行进一步的修饰和限定。

定语从句的基本结构为：关系代词/关系副词 + 主句。

例如：- This is the book which I bought yesterday.- The man who is talking to Mary is my teacher.- Do you know the reason why she is crying?二、关系代词的用法1. who：指人，作主语或宾语。

- The man who is standing there is my brother.- Do you know the girl who I was talking to?2. whom：形式较正式，指人，作宾语。

- The girl whom you met yesterday is my friend.- He is the person whom I am going to interview.3. whose：指人或物，表示所有关系。

- The boy whose father is a doctor won the prize.- Do you know the girl whose bag was stolen?4. which：指物，作主语或宾语。

- This is the book which I bought yesterday.- Do you know the car which he is driving?5. that：指人或物，作主语或宾语，口语中常用。

- This is the man that I saw yesterday.- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.三、关系副词的用法1. where：表示地点，修饰名词。

定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。

在定语从句中，被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词，而引导定语从句的词包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词包括that/who/whom/which/as，而关系副词包括when/where/why。

引导词通常位于定语从句之前，而定语从句的位置则紧跟在先行词之后。

定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

限定性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号，而非限定性定语从句和主句之间则用逗号隔开。

在限定性定语从句中，引导词可以直接引导定语从句，也可以由介词+关系代词引导。

介词的选用可以根据从句中的相关词组确定，通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。

非限定性定语从句通常由引导词直接引导。

I live in a house that is far away from the city。

In front of my house stands a big tree.At the gate。

there is an apple tree with many apples on it.This is the man to whom I gave the book.He has five children。

two of whom are living abroad.We have three books。

none of which are interesting.Non-restrictive relative clauses can be introduced by any relative pronoun except for "why" and "that"。

They are set off by commas and provide nal n about the antecedent。

They can be translated as two separate sentences.The engineer。

定语从句一、定语从句1．定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。

2．定语从句在选择关联词that 与which时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.（1）．只能用that 的情况归纳4种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。

请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②．I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .③．Later my father and Mr. Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.④．This is the very dictionary that I want to find .（2）．只用which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关联词要用which；二是做介词宾语时只能用which。

请看下列两组例句：I said nothing , which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking .三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。

在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：She has married again, which surprises us .四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what, what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that两个字，例如：All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.= what I know is that ……定语从句知识要点：一、限定性定语从句：注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next tim 很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。

定语从句1知识点总结一、定语从句的定义定语从句（adjective clause）是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，用来限定这个名词或代词的含义。

定语从句通常由关系词引导，并且关系词在从句中充当某一成分的作用。

二、关系词的种类1.关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that等。

- 用来修饰人的关系代词有：who, whom, whose- 用来修饰物的关系代词有：which, that2.关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词有：when, where, why, how等。

- when用来指代时间，where用来指代地点，why用来指代原因，how用来指代方式。

三、定语从句的位置1.定语从句可以放在先行词之后，例如：The man who is talking to my mother is a doctor.2.定语从句也可以放在先行词之前，例如：That is the man who is talking to my mother.3.定语从句还可以放在先行词之中，例如：The man who my mother is talking to is a doctor.四、定语从句的特点1.从句中所含的主谓结构要完整The book that I want to read is on the desk.2.从句中的主语和先行词相同The girl who is singing is my sister.3.从句中的关系词在从句中的作用The car which you bought is very expensive.五、在定语从句中关系词的省略在定语从句中，当关系词作为宾语或者介词宾语时，可以省略。

The book (that) I want to read is on the desk.The person (whom) I am talking about is my friend.六、定语从句的引导词用法1. who和whomWho用来指人，作主语或者宾语。

定语从句语法完全总结定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句，用来进一步限定或描述该名词或代词。

定语从句可以通过关系代词或关系副词引导。

关系代词：1. who/whom: 用于修饰人，作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom。

- The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.- The man whom I met yesterday is a famous actor.2. that: 用于修饰人或物，既可以作主语也可以作宾语。

- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- The dog that we adopted is very friendly.3. which: 用于修饰物，作主语或宾语。

- The car which is parked outside is mine.- The bag which she bought is very expensive.4. whose: 用于表示所属关系的人或物，作定语修饰名词。

- The boy whose father is a doctor studies in my school.- The house whose roof was blown off in the storm is being repaired.5. whom/which: 用于介词后，作介词宾语时，宾语是人用whom，宾语是物用which。

- The woman with whom I went to the party is my neighbor.- The bag in which I keep my laptop is black.关系副词：1. where: 用于修饰地点，作定语修饰名词。

- The park where we spent the afternoon is beautiful.- The city where I grew up is very crowded.2. when: 用于修饰时间，作定语修饰名词。

定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。

以下是小编为大家整理分享的定语从句语法总结，欢迎阅读参考。

定语从句语法总结一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。

（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as（2）关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。

【as除外】6.引导词的功能（作用）：（1）连接先行词和定语从句。

（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。

7.定语从句的类型：（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。

① 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re tal king to is my friend.② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。

例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting isfrom Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。

重点语法：定语从句知识点总结重点语法：定语从句知识点总结一、概念：修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）The man （who lives next to us ）sells vegetable.You must do everything （that I can do）.二、要点：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词的分类:关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)1. 引导定语从句关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分三、基础知识学习：I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that先行词在从句中作主语：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.先行词在从句中作宾语：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person onwhom you can depend.2.指物的关系代词: which / that先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.总结：⑴关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who 且在句中不可以省略。

初级德语定语从句语法讲义什么是定语从句？定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的从句。

它通常用来给出更多关于该名词或代词的信息。

定语从句的构成定语从句由一个引导词和一个从句构成。

引导词通常是一个关系代词或关系副词。

关系代词以下是用于引导德语定语从句的关系代词及其在从句中的作用：- Der (男性单数主格): 用于修饰男性单数名词，相当于英语中的"who"或"that"- Die (女性单数主格): 用于修饰女性单数名词，相当于英语中的"who"或"that"- Das (中性单数主格): 用于修饰中性单数名词，相当于英语中的"which"或"that"- Die (复数主格): 用于修饰复数名词或指代人或事物时，相当于英语中的"who"或"that"关系副词除了关系代词，还有一些关系副词可用于引导德语定语从句。

以下是常用的关系副词及其在从句中的作用：- Wo (地点): 用于指定地点- Wann (时间): 用于指定时间- Warum (原因): 用于指定原因- Wie (方式): 用于指定方式定语从句的位置和标点符号德语定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，并且用逗号将定语从句与主句隔开。

例子以下是一些例句，展示了如何构成和使用德语定语从句：- Der Mann, der das Buch liest, ist mein Bruder. (正在读书的那个男人是我哥哥。

)- Das ist das Haus, das ich gekauft habe. (那是我买的房子。

)- Die Frau, mit der ich gesprochen habe, heißt Anna. (我和她谈话的那个女人叫安娜。

)总结德语定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，可以用关系代词或关系副词来引导。