英语中动词过去式、过去分词的变形规则
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动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
●一般在动词原形后加-ed
look -looked - looked call -called -called
open -opened -opened need -needed-needed
①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在t、d后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed.
●以-e结尾的动词加-d
move -moved -moved phone -phoned -phoned
hope -hoped -hoped agree -agreed -agreed
●以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
study -studied - studied carry -carried-carried try -tried-tried
●以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed
play -played -played enjoy -enjoyed -enjoyed stay -stayed -stayed
●末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop -stopped -stopped plan -planned -planned fit -fitted -fitted
●以-r结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-ed
prefer -preferred -preferred refer-referred -referred
2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
cut(切),hit(打),cast(扔),hurt(伤害),put(放),let(让)shut(关),cost(花费),set(放),rid(清除)
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
find(找到)--found, found pay(支付)--paid, paid (离开)--left, left
lend(借出)--lent, lent meet(遇见)--met, met keep(保持)--kept, kept lose(丢失)--lost, lost teach(教)--taught, taught sit(坐)--sat, sat
lead(引导)--led, led win(赢)--won, won
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:come(来)--came--come run(跑)--ran--run become(成为)
--became--become
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:give(给)-gave -given fly(飞)-flew -flown
drink(喝)-drank -drunk see(看见)-saw -seen
go(去)-went -gone know(知道)-knew -known wear(穿)-wore -worn speak(说)-spoke -spoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
burn(燃烧)-- burned /burnt -- burned /burnt learn(学习)-- learned /learnt --learned /learnt
smell(闻)-- smelled /smelt --smelled /smelt spell (拼写)-- spelled /spelt -- spelled /spelt
shine(照射)-- shined /shone --shined /shone leap (跳)-- leaped /leapt --leaped /leapt
提示
◆beat的过去式与原形同形:比:beat(打击)--beat(过去式)--beaten(过
去分词)
◆lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同