专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷254(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷254 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You

will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please

complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE

THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both

grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for

note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

听力原文： The Purposes of Literary Analysis Good morning, everyone.

Today I’d like to talk about literary analysis, and specifically, its three purposes.

For the millennia during which literature has existed, scholars, intellectuals, and lay

people have unceasingly engaged in the act of analyzing it. Whatever the variety of

analytical approaches to literature might be, literary analysis is in itself a universal

necessity when approaching a text, and cannot be escaped on some level, (1) because

literary analysis enables readers to fully grasp the core abstractions which an author

has bestowed upon his work. Furthermore, it is indispensable in rendering the

literature relevant, both to the individual’s own life and to an understanding of the

universal human condition. (2) Now let’s look at the first purpose of literary

analysis: to discover the author’s basic premises. When any author creates a work

of literature, he does so starting with a set of basic intellectual premises, foundational

assumptions that permeate the entirety of his work. The author has chosen to create a

work of literature as a vehicle for transmitting those premises to his readers. On their

own, (3) as floating abstractions are detached from the empirical observation and the

detailed logical reasoning, the author’s premises cannot be readily communicated to a

reader who does not grasp them yet. An author who holds individualism as a basic

premise, for example, will find difficulty in communicating it by simply stating, “I

believe in individualism.” If, however, (4) he offers a lucid analysis of the superiority

of individualism over the alternatives, which is filled with realistic examples of why

this is so, then his convictions become far more persuasive. (5) Better yet, he might

write a story, a series of rationally structured fictional events, which a reader could

approach as if it were a concrete experience. (6) All knowledge, at its root, is derived

from sensory experience and observation. Thus, a work of literature, by recreating an

environment of observation through the events and descriptions within it, aims to

allow the reader to tap into the source of the premises the author seeks to

communicate. Thereby, the reader is given the foundation from which to proceed to

understand and identify with the author’s abstract ideas. When the reader sees a

literary text before him, the author has already done the work of translating his

guiding premises into a concrete presentation. The task of the reader, then, becomes to

fathom the concrete presentation in such a manner as to derive the abstract premises

from it, thereby participating in an act of intellectual discovery which the author has

facilitated for him. All literary analysis is, in essence, such a process of discovery. It

aims toward an understanding of the author’s guiding abstractions by identifying

literary concretes—the characters, events, descriptions, dialogues, and stated ideas of

a narrative—and discerning their relevance to the work as a whole and its central

themes. (7) Whereas, in writing a work of literature, the author begins at the abstract

level and, from it, crafts the concretes of his narrative, the reader must begin at the

concrete level and reach the level of abstraction via literary analysis. (8) The

second purpose of literary analysis is to attain individual value from the literary work.

(9) A work of literary merit must offer an insight, principle, or example valuable to

the individual reader. Aside from discovering the author’s intentions and guiding

principles in writing a work, the reader must inquire of himself, “What benefits to my

own life and understanding might I extract from this text?” The insights the reader

might seek to derive through literary analysis can be positive or negative. (10) A text

can offer models to emulate, or examples of what not to apply to one’s own life. (11)

The reader can even disagree with the author’s world view or ideas of desirable

conduct and, through literary analysis, discover the root of his divergence from the