介词引导的定语从句分类举例

引导定语从句的“ 介词+ 关系代词” 结构在英语中，由“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句十分常见。

但是，不少人在阅读和翻译时对此结构往往感到困惑。

以下从五个方面对此结构进行探讨。

一．“介词+ 关系代词” 结构中的关系代词用来引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有who，whom，whose，which，that等。

而这些关系代词能在定语从句中作宾语的只有whom，which和that三个。

这三个关系代词也能在从句中作介词的宾语，但是，that作介词宾语时，介词不可放在that之前，只能放在从句中原来的位置上，因此，“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词实际上只有whom和which两个。

例如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.马克思不大有把握的两方面是语法和某些习惯语。

He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't attend the meeting.他得了重感冒，因此而未能参加会议。

There are 30 students in our class，of whom 25 are league members.我们班里有学生30人，其中25人是团员。

The person to whom I spoke just now is the postmaster.我刚才跟他讲话的那个人是邮政局局长。

有时，我们可以见到“介词+where"引导定语从句的例子。

例如:His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees.他的头很快从二楼的一个窗口外显露出来，从那儿，除了树木他什么也看不见。

介词加关系代词引导的定语从句介词加关系代词引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体。

直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。

“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。

如：This is the man to whom I referred.我指的就是这个人。

This is the man whom I referred to.我指的就是这个人。

2.直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。

但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which,whom也可换成that,who，或者省略。

如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。

This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.which不能换成that，也不能省略This is a subject which we have talked about a lot.这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。

which可以换成that，也可以省略3.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。

如：That is the day when[=on which]he was born.那就是他出生的日子。

That is the house where[=in which]he lived.那就是他住过的房子。

That is the reason why[=for which]he must apologize.那就是他必须道歉的原因。

4.在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。

如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。

正：There the children had a garden in which to play.很正式正：There the children had a garden in which they could play.较正式正：There the children had a garden to play in.较口语化注：这类“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。

“介词＋ｗｈｉｃｈ／ｗｈｏｍ”引导的定语从句“介词 +关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句又能引导非限制性定语从句。

先行词是指物的名词时关系代词用which；先行词是指人的名词时关系代词用whom。

此结构注意以下几点：1．“介词 +which”在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语，代替相应关系副词。

There used to be a time at which/during which/when the Chinese people struggled for freedom.中国人民曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。

The factory in which/when my father works is a large one. 我父亲工作的那家工厂很大。

I would like you to explain the reason forwhich/why you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。

2．在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。

This is the pen which I’m looking for.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。

不可以说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.常见的不可拆开的动词短语有：care for关心，喜欢；deal with处理，对付；hear from收到某人的信；look for寻找；look after照顾；send for 派人去请；see to照顾，料理。

3．“名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在定语从句中作定语。

The book, the cover of which/of which thecover/whose cover is black belongs to me.那本封面是黑色的书是我的。

I saw some trees, the leaves of which/whoseleaves/of which the leaves were black with diseases. 我看见一些树，它们的叶子因得病而发黑。

三介词提前的定语从句（介词+关系代词+……）1 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句可有：介词+ which\whom 引出。

如：1）Great changes are taking place in the city which they live in .Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.2) The film which I’m speaking of is to be shown next week.The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown next week.3. This is the teacher whom I’ve learnt a lot from.This is the teacher from whom I’ve learnt a lot.4. The man whom we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.The man whom to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.5. The situation which we had got into was very dangerous.The situation into which we had got was very dangerous.6 The policeman whom Mr Henry is talking with is a friend of mine.The police man with whom Mr Henry is talking is a friend of mine.定语从句之关系副词一关系副词引导的定语从句1.When 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day , hour, year 等）。

语法由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom，which，whose在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that，who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

例如：He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.=He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那里能学到很多。

The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school (which/that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。

The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

2. 介词+关系代词的常见结构(1) 介词+which/whom例如：This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如果没有的话，我们就会迷路了。

（完整版）介词加关系代词定语从句“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。

在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和whom。

如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。

如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考点1 简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。

（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。

例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb) （2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。

例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。

1、关系副词where的用法(1)where的先行词大多是地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语从句。

This is the school where/in which my father once worked.这是我父亲曾经工作过的学校(2) where的先行词还可以是抽象名词, 如stage,case, situation,position等。

例 They have reached the stage where/at which they will separate 他们已经到了将要分手的地步了。

2、关系副词when的用法(1)when的先行词是时间名词,在定语从句中作时间状语。

例 Do you remember the day when/on which we first met each other ?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?(2)when的先行词还可以是抽象名词, 如break, interval等。

例There is a long break between the two classes when/at which we can drink some water .在两节课之间有一个长的休息时词,在这期间我们可以喝点水。

3、关系副词why的用法why的先行词是reason,在定语从句中作原因状语。

reason作先行词时,若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,定语从句要用that或 which引导。

例 I don ' t know the reason why/for which my good friend , jack ,looks unhappy today.我不知道我的好朋友杰克为什么今天看上去不高兴。

(1) The reason why…..是why引导的定语从句,Why在从句中作原因状语,Why可替换成 for which。

(2) The reason that……是that引导的同位语从句,that不作成分,that后面的内容说明 reason的内容。

定语从句的引导词及句式转换定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词。

在句子中，定语从句通常由引导词引导，可以用不同的句式进行转换。

下面将介绍定语从句的引导词及句式转换。

一、引导词：1. 关系代词：关系代词在定语从句中可以作为主语、宾语或介词的宾语。

常见的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that。

例句1：The person who is talking to my teacher is my father.（主语）例句2：The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（宾语）例句3：This is the girl whose brother is a famous actor.（介词的宾语）2. 关系副词：关系副词在定语从句中一般作状语，修饰整个句子。

常见的关系副词有：where, when, why。

例句1：I will never forget the day when we met for the first time.（修饰时间状语从句）例句2：I still remember the place where we spent our summer vacation.（修饰地点状语从句）例句3：That is the reason why I didn't go to the party.（修饰原因状语从句）二、句式转换：1. 将定语从句转换为非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句用来对名词或代词进行额外说明，用逗号将其与主句分开。

例句（限制性定语从句）：The woman who is sitting next to me is my mother.例句（非限制性定语从句）：The woman, who is sitting next to me, is my mother.2. 将定语从句转换为分词短语：分词短语作为定语从句的转换形式，修饰名词或代词。

定语从句：介词语法定语从句：介词语法介词1. 合成介词和复杂介词1) 合成介词:inside,into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without2) 复杂介词:accordingto, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in frontof, in spite of, instead of, inaccordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with,up to, with regard to, prior to等2. 介词在句末:This is what he is interested in.Does everyone has a seat to sit on?3. 名词加介词 ( n + prep)1) 某些名词之后要求用某些介词:solution to, faith in, glance at, need for2) 某些名词之前要求用某些介词:onone’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to mydelight4. 动词加介词1) Vi + prep:prevail on, appeal to, fallinto, apply for, touch upon2) Vt + O + prep:lay emphasis on, takeadvantage of等3) Vi + adv + prep:I don’t wish to break in on yourthoughts.The family came up against freshproblems.You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me.She got off with him soon after she beganto work at the institution.4) Vt + O + adv +prep:You shouldn’t take your resentment out onme.We shouldn’t put the shortage down to badplanning.5. 形容词加介词about---anxious, careful, careless,certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure,timid, unhappy, etcat---awkward, bad, clever,disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless,weak, etcfor---convenient, eligible, grateful,homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from --- evident,exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etcin---deficient, expert, liberal, quick,rich, successful, weak, etc of---apprehensive, characteristic,critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent,jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy,etc on---dependent, keen, intent, etcto---acceptable, accessible, agreeable,alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential,favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable,related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etcwith---awkward, bored, careful,disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc定语从句1. 限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.2. 定语从句的引导词1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who,有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.There are some people here who I want you to meet.但在介词后只能用whom:This is the man to whom I referred.但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?Have you met the person (that) he was speaking aboutThe girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):Have you everything you need?(Is there) anything I can do for you?All you have to do is to press the button.在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些:The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的`一部分b), 引导词用which:a) They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wantedb) When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.3) whose: 在表示“．．．的”这个概念时, 可用所有格whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是名词词组 + of which:Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purpose of which was…) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (…whose name I’ve…) of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在of whom之前.The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.4) 关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.The day when he was born…on which he was born…which he was born on…The office where he works…at which he works…which he works at…有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that可省略.Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous.This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?This is the place (where) we met yesterday.That is the reason (why) he did it.在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略.This is the way (that/in which) he did it.That’s the way I look at it.3. 如果定语从句中谓语为there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing.4. 定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the danger).The woman driving the car (= who was driving the car) indicated that she was going to turn left. The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital.All the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm.。

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句●“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

在此结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose.但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去,尤其在口语中。

如:1）Do you know the girl to whom our teacher was talking?= Do you know the girl (that/who/whom) our teacher was talking to？2) The school （that/which) my brother once studied in is very famous。

= The school in which my brother once studied is very famous。

●要确定关系代词前用什么介词，可以根据:（1）定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配（2)先行词常和什么介词搭配。

如：My mother missed her best friend with whom she worked in her youth.The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.●listen to, depend on，pay attention to, take care of，look for, look after，look at等固定短语，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开.如：This is the old lady whom Harold has taken care of.●“介词+关系代词"前有some, any，none，neither，both，all，most，each，few等代词或者数词时，可构成由“名词(代词、数词）+ of + which / whom"来引导的定语从句。

带介词的定语从句解释
带介词的定语从句是英语语法中比较常见的一种定语从句，它是由介词引导的修饰名词性的从句。

它可以用来修饰名词，在句中作定语，同时还能进一步描述或限定事物的性质、特征、状态等。

以下是详细的解释。

带介词的定语从句的基本结构为：介词 + 关系代词/关系副词 + 句子其他成分。

关系代词包括：whom, whose, which, that, who，关系副词包括：when, where, why。

这里是几个例句：
1. The car in which he came belonged to his father. (“in which”修饰车名）
带介词的定语从句的使用需要注意以下几点：
1.位置：在从句中，介词通常放在关系词（代词或副词）之前，而不是放在后面。

所以，需要我们在写作中注意介词的位置，确保语法正确。

2.省略：在带介词的定语从句中，我们可以省略关系代词或关系副词，只保留介词。

这时，从句中的代词或副词的作用就由先前的名词表示，语法关系不变。

例如：This is the book I was talking about. (about是介词+关系代词，可以省略代词)
3.介词的选择：带介词的定语从句中的介词要与先行词有关。

例如考虑下面的两个句子：
在第一个例句中，介词where指的是她出生的城市，而在第二个例句中，介词in所指的是她现在居住的城市。

因此，介词的意义和使用需要根据具体语境来确定。

带介词的定语从句的使用能够更全面地描述事物，使得句子更加精准、清晰、准确。

因此，在日常写作和口语表达中，我们需要注意引用这种语法结构，并正确使用它。

介词后面定语从句介词后面定语从句英语最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。

下面是店铺为大家整理的介词后面定语从句，欢迎阅读与收藏。

1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。

如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。

This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。

2. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who：介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略不同。

如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。

This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能换成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的`问题。

(which可以换成that，也可以省略)3. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。

如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。

That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。

That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。

4. 在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。

如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。

正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)注：这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。

语法基础｜重难·带介词的定语从句带介词的定语从句•介词+关系代词（which, whom）引导的定语从句。

例如：At the meeting, he heard many things of which he had hitherto been unaware.（of which=of many things）他在会上听到了许多前所未闻的事情。

Life is a flower, of which love is the honey.（Hugo）人生是一朵花，而爱是花之蜜。

Behavior is a mirror in which every one shows his image.（Goethe）（in which=in a mirror）行为是一面镜子，每个人都把自己的形象映在镜里。

Reinhard paid no further attention to the geography lessons, and instead he composed a long poem, in which he compared himself to a young eagle．莱因哈特不再听地理课了，而是写了一首长诗，在诗中把自己比作一只小鹰。

She marveled at the sense Robert Kincaid had of his ways coming to a close and the ease with which he accepted it．罗伯特·金凯意识到自己的生活方式正在逝去，还能泰然处之，这让她感到不可思议。

He carried his gear into a room containing two table lamps, one of which had a burned-out bulb．他把行李装备带进一个房间，里面有两个台灯，其中一个灯泡烧坏了。

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只有:Which（指物），whom （指人）。

具体地说，它可以分为5种情况。

其中介词的选择是个难点。

现就各类介词的选择作一总结。

1.介词+which/whom其中，介词的选择主要依据习惯搭配而决定。

即介词与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配、介词与从句中的形容词的搭配、介词与先行词之间的习惯搭配。

:如：The person to whom I spoke just now is my teacher.(speak to…与……谈话)China is a beautiful country,of which we are greatly proud.(be proud of…对……感到自豪)The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look.(on which=on the farm)有时介词的选择要根据所要表达的意思而定。

如：This is the man with whom he talked just now.这就是刚才与他谈话的人。

This is the man about whom he talked just now.这就是刚才他谈论的人。

注：当先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的名词时，该结构可以分别用关系副词when,where和why替换。

如：I’ll never forget the day on which (=when) I first met him.This is the hotel at which (=where) we stayed last year.The reason for which (=why) he was late for the meeting was very clear. ［典型考例］⑴．Is this the house_______ Shakespeare was born? （88全国）A. at whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which解析：答案C. Shakespeare was born in the house.⑵．In the dark street there wasn't a single person_____ she could turn for help.(MET92)A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom解析：答案为 D 。

1、 在定语从句中,which/whom前常加介词引导定语从句 例 He likes the book very much , for which he became famous ten years ago.他很喜欢这本书,10年前他因此书出了名。

例 He is a great scientist , from whom we learn a lot他是一位伟大的科学家 ，从他身上我们学到了很多 >因介词不能提前的情况 :有些动词短语比较固定 ，不宜分割，因此不能把 介词置于关系代词之前。

女口 listen to, catch up with, take care of, hear of,be proud of , take part in , get along with, look forward to, make use of 等。

2、 关系词 whose, where,when 前可加介词例 They respected the old man very much , with whose help they fini shed the work on schedule.他们很尊敬这位老人，在他的帮助下他们接时完成了这项工作。

例 The boy climbed to the top of the tree , from where he could see the en emy in the dista nee.这个男孩爬上了树顶 ，从那里他可以看见远处的敌人。

3、 在 which/whom 前还可用复合介词mos tof which , all of whom , n either of which , in front of which ,half of whom, in which case, duri ng which time 等都是“复合介词 + 关系 词”结构。

介词定语从句举例导语：介词定语从句举例有哪些?以下是店铺为大家整理的文章，欢迎阅读!希望对大家有所帮助!介词1. 合成介词和复杂介词1) 合成介词: inside,into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without2) 复杂介词: accordingto, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in frontof, in spite of, instead of, inaccordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with,up to, with regard to, prior to等2. 介词在句末:This is what he is interested in.Does everyone has a seat to sit on?3. 名词加介词 ( n + prep)1) 某些名词之后要求用某些介词:solution to, faith in, glance at, need for2) 某些名词之前要求用某些介词: onone’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my delight4. 动词加介词1) Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fallinto, apply for, touch upon2) Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, takeadvantage of等3) Vi + adv + prep:I don’t wish to break in on yourthoughts.The family came up against freshproblems.You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me.She got off with him soon after she beganto work at theinstitution.4) Vt + O + adv +prep:You shouldn’t take your resentment out onme.We shouldn’t put the shortage down to badplanning.5. 形容词加介词about --- anxious, careful, careless,certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure,timid, unhappy, etcat--- awkward, bad, clever,disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless,weak, etcfor---convenient, eligible, grateful,homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from --- evident,exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etcin --- deficient, expert, liberal, quick,rich, successful, weak, etcof --- apprehensive, characteristic,critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent,jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy,etcon ---dependent, keen, intent, etcto --- acceptable, accessible, agreeable,alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential,favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable,related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etcwith --- awkward, bored, careful,disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc定语从句1. 限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.2. 定语从句的引导词1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who,有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.There are some people here who I want you to meet.但在介词后只能用whom:This is the man to whom I referred.但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?Have you met the person (that) he was speaking aboutThe girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):Have you everything you need?(Is there) anything I can do for you?All you have to do is to press the button.在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的.时候更多一些:The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的一部分b), 引导词用which:a) They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wantedb) When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.She was very patient towards the children, which herhusband seldom was.3) whose: 在表示“...的”这个概念时, 可用所有格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是名词词组 + of which:Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purpose of which was…) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (…whose name I’ve…) of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在of whom之前.The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.4) 关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.The day when he was born…on which he was born…which he was born on…The office where he works…at which he works…which he works at…有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that可省略.Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous.This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?This is the place (where) we met yesterday.That is the reason (why) he did it.在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略.This is the way (that/in which) he did it.That’s the way I look at it.3. 如果定语从句中谓语为there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing.4. 定语从句的简化: 定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the danger).The woman driving the car (= who was driving the car) indicated that she was going to turn left. The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital.All the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm.【介词定语从句举例】。