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文字说明1 概述2 结构与工作原理3 使用与操作4 维修5 地面实验附图图一 BZ随钻震击器外形图及主要尺寸图二运行位置示意图图三新装间隔衬套修理尺寸图四调节震击力方向示意图产品总图随钻震击器使用说明书1．概述机械式随钻震击器是全机械式随钻震击、解卡工具。
它集上、下震击作用于一体，可接触钻进作业中遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故。
它在不需要震击时，是钻柱的一部分，需震击时，随时可作业，因而提高了工作效率。
2．结构与工作原理。
结构外形及主要尺寸如图一。
内部结构如本说明书后附产品总图（图中未画出曲屈接头）。
本震击器是同类产品中结构最新式、最简化、操作最方便的。
上击工作原理图一所示为装配调试合格的位置，即准备出发（解锁）状态。
图二为局部放大图。
上图为准备击发位置。
运行轴与运行套的内齿对应啮合，运行套外部齿与摩擦衬套内部齿是齿顶对齿顶的摩擦状态。
当钻柱上提，通过上接头1，上控制套3，中部套筒28，下控制套37，下调节套29，压缩弹簧管25，26，27使运行套21相对摩擦衬套下移。
当运行套的外齿齿顶与摩擦衬套的齿间相对应时，运行衬套在运行轴的作用下涨开，运行轴的齿从运行套内齿滑出，如图二中图。
此时钻柱储备的能量释放，向上震击。
下放钻柱，整个工具又恢复图二上部的状态，即准备击发状态。
重复上述操作，就可使钻具解卡。
下击工作原理在运行套的上部，还有一组三件与26，27，28完全相同的弹簧管。
当下压钻柱时，通过上接头1，上控制套3，上调节套18，压缩上面一组弹簧管。
运行套相对于摩擦衬套上行，钻柱储能。
当达到预定的吨位，运行套的齿顶与摩擦衬套的顶间相对应，运行衬套涨开，运行轴齿从运行套内的齿中滑出，产生下击，与上击方向相反如图二下图所示。
3．使用与操作下井前的准备震击器下井前应该经台架试验合格，见本说明书第5节。
下井前震击器处于准备击发位置。
钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱系列中平衡点以上的张力部分，并承受最少5吨的张力。
BZ型震击器最好是在张力状态下工作，但也可在压力状态下工作，可把震击器接入张力压力平衡点以下，承受5吨的压力。
史密斯全液压式随钻震击器现场操作指导卡（2013）1前期检查使用人员对随钻震击器的合格证、标识、外观、二端连接螺纹进行检查，全部合格后方可入井使用。
2钻柱中连接位置2.1随钻震击器在钻柱组合中的位置执行钻井设计的规定，推荐如下：钻头+扶正器+钻铤若干（外径不小于随钻震击器外径）+全液压随钻震击器（芯轴端向上）+钻铤2～3根+加重钻杆+钻杆。
2.2根据需要可考虑安放在钻柱中和点附近；防压差卡钻可安放在相对靠上的位置；防机械卡钻可安放在相对靠下的位置。
3操作中注意事项3.1 使用方在装卸车时严防碰撞工具两端的丝扣，严禁在运输过程中将绳索绑在芯轴镀光面上。
3.2 上下钻台，严防碰撞，按相应的钻铤上扣扭矩将随钻震击器上紧。
3.3下钻时，推荐先开泵循环，缓慢下放，防止下放遇阻或直通井底造成“人为下击”。
3.4随钻震击器正常钻进使用，应保持锁紧状态，不能承受过大的拉力或压力，防止误震击。
禁止：夹持芯轴镀光部分，造成震击器报废；拆卸外筒连接螺纹，造成漏油及损坏。
4随钻震击器现场保养及维护随钻震击器起出井口后，冲洗其外表面、芯轴镀光面、油堵部位的泥浆，检查本体、芯轴有无弯曲、胀大、超标磨损、坑槽，密封部位和密封件有无损坏失效，油堵、销堵是否松动泄漏等情况，两端配戴护丝。
5工作原理全液压式随钻震击器的工作机构：上泻流阀—上阀芯轴、下泻流阀—下阀芯轴。
上击工作过程：回位（锁紧状态）—上拉—延时—上击。
下击工作过程：回位—下压—延时—下击。
重复上述过程，可使随钻震击器循环工作。
6上下击操作6.1 随钻震击器回位6.1.1 向下回位，下放钻柱至指重表读数小于随钻震击器以上钻柱悬重3～5吨，使随钻震击器回位。
6.1.2 向上回位，提升钻柱至指重表读数大于随钻震击器上部钻柱重量3～5吨，使随钻震击器回位。
6.2上击作业6.2.1 校准指重表，使随钻震击器回位，操作参照6.1条。
6.2.2以一定的拉力上拉钻柱，震击器解锁，液压延时，一般经过30～90秒产生上击，延时时间长短与震击器受的拉力成反比。
液压式随钻震击器设计班级：姓名：学号：摘要：在油气开采过程中，当钻具发生卡钻时，采用随钻震击器进行解卡是最为有效和经济的方法。
随钻震击器工作可靠性是保证钻具能否进行有效解卡的前提，得到了广泛的应用。
液压式随钻震击器具有钻井中易于调整释放力、密封结构好、性能稳定等优点，解决了目前国内机械式随钻震击器入井后的不可调控的问题，拥有了第一时间处理卡钻事故的能力，实现了石油钻井工程的连续性和便捷性，大幅降低了国内石油钻井的成本。
本次设计是对液压式随钻震击器的总体结构的设计，包括总体方案设计、心轴总成设计、外筒总成设计等。
以液压式随钻震击器为研究对象，对其结构形式、上下击的工作原理进行分析，确定各工况下力和扭矩的传递路线和各部件的受载情况。
设计出一款121型的液压式随钻震击器，对其设计方法进行研究，以材料力学的方法对各零件进行强度校核和扭转校核。
关键字：液压式，随钻震击器，结构设计。
ABSTRACT: In the process of oil and gas exploitation, when the drill sticking occurs, it is the most effective and economical method to use the while-drilling jar to release the sticking. The working reliability of the MWD jar is the premise to ensure that the drilling tool can be effectively unscrewed, and it has been widely used. Hydraulic MWD jar has the advantages of easy adjustment of release force, good sealing structure and stable performance in drilling. It solves the unregulable problem of domestic mechanical MWD jar after it enters the well, has the ability to deal with Sticking Accident in the first time, realizes the continuity and convenience of oil drilling engineering, and greatly reduces the cost of domestic oil drilling.This design is the overall structure design of hydraulic while drilling jar, including the overall scheme design, mandrel assembly design, outer cylinder assembly design and so on. Taking the hydraulic while drilling jar as the research object, the structure and working principle of the jar are analyzed, and the transmission routes of force and torque and the loading conditions of each component under different working conditions are determined. A 121 hydraulic while drilling jar is designed, and its design method is studied. The strength and torsion of each part are checked by material mechanics method.Key words: hydraulic, while drilling jar, structural design.1 绪论 (1)1.1研究的目的和意义 (1)1.2国内外研究的现状 (2)1.2.1震击器分类与特点 (2)1.2.2国内外研究现状 (3)2 液压式随钻震击器设计 (12)2.1液压式随钻震击器的总体结构 (12)2.2液压式随钻震击器的工作原理 (14)2.3液压式随钻震击器的结构设计 (16)2.3.1总体方案设计 (16)2.3.1.1 材料的选取 (16)2.3.1.2 壁厚设计 (17)2.3.1.3延时机构设计 (20)2.3.1.4 总行程设计 (24)2.3.2心轴总成设计 (25)2.3.2.1花键心轴设计 (26)2.3.2.2中间心轴设计 (29)2.3.2.2下心轴设计 (31)2.3.3外筒总成设计 (32)2.3.3.1上阀外筒设计 (33)2.3.3.2花键外筒设计 (35)2.4本章小结 (37)1.1研究的目的和意义小井眼侧钻技术是采油过程中一个重要的组成部分,是对低渗透油、裂缝油藏、边际油成层和死油中的剩余油开采的十分有效的方法。
QY-A DRILLING JAR OPERATION MANUALBEIJING PETROLEUM MACHINERY CO.SEP 2010ForewordThis new kind of drilling jar, including its structure, principle and application is introduced in this manual. After the drilling jar being used and repaired by customers, its reliability and performance may have some changes. These changes depend on the application conditions and maintenance level.Because of the continuous improvements on the products, some details in the manual may not be same as in actual operation. These differences don’t affect the understanding of the product's structure, the performance and the application by customers. If having any questions, please contact us.The service-life of the drilling jar and operation effects are related with not only designing and manufacturing but also properly operating of customers.We would like to supply customers with high quality products in compliance with specification of the quality assurance system of ISO9001, and also hope that the operators can carefully read the manual to insure the performance of products and successfully achieve the expectant drilling operations.The drilling jar and the information in this manual may not be suitable in some special applications. The operator should make right judgment on the selection and the application of the drilling jars.As the continuous improvements on the drilling technology, the customers will have new requirements on the application. We will be very happy to continuously improve our products to meet your special requirements.Welcome to contact us by the following methods!BPM Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co.Address: No. 41 Zhixin Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China86-10-62098867Fax: 86-10-62311837,Phone: 86-10-83597657（Sale）86-10-83597659（Technical）Homepage: E-mail: bpm.tech@Content (1)1. Description2. Model Illustration (1)3. Principle (1)4. Application Notice (3)in the BHA (3)4.2 Position4.3 Frictionthe drill string (4)of (4)4.4 Pump-openForce4.5 Jarring up (5)4.6 Jarring down (5)4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release force (5) (6)5. Maintenance5.1 Preparation (6)5.2 Disassembling Procedure (7)Procedure (8)5.3 Assembling5.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiter (9)6. Test & Oil Filling (10)Filling (10)6.1 Oil6.2 Release force test (10)6.3 Sealing Test (11)7. Trouble & Solutions (11)8. Damageable Components (12)9. Notices for Ordering (12)1. DescriptionQY-A hydraulic drilling jar is a new kind of drilling jar which is suitable for a wide range of drilling operations. This drilling jar overcomes the defects of pure mechanical drilling jar or pure hydraulic drilling jar and combines with merits of them. Mechanical lock and hydraulic delay works together in the process of jarring up and jarring down.The QY-A drilling jar has following features:1) It can avoid unexpected strike effectively.2) No need any safety clamps or other special actions on the drilling or tripping.3) Free position in the BHA (in tension, neutral or compression).4) Mechanical lock unit is not affected by the torque.5) The release force of jarring up or down can be adjusted on the drilling platform. Its operation isvery simple, exact and stable.6) Hydraulic delay allows the driller to adjust the jarring up or down force.7) Enclosed oil chambers increase seals and components life.8) Suitable to work in high temperature situation.9) It is an ideal tool for controlled directional well and horizontal well.2. Model Illustration3. PrincipleThe structure of QY-A drilling jar is shown in Figure 1, which be made up of housings, mandrels, valve unit, spring unit and lock unit and so on.QY-A is a new kind of drilling jar which combines the mechanical with hydraulic structures. The hook lifts the drill strings to make the mandrel move up, the spring unit takes place elastic deformation at the pull or push. The more energy from the hook, the spring unit does the greater deformation. When the deformation reaches high-point, the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar isCode (Drilling jar with adjustable release force)pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these series actions. The trip mandrel moves to the limit position quickly along its fixed path. After striking, set down the drill strings to make the jar reset for drilling or striking.Figure 1 the Structure of QY-A Drilling Jar Friction SleeveSpline MandrelStabilizerSpline Housing Upper Valve Housing Hydraulic Cylinder Lower Valve HousinSealBack NutSafe RingUpperValveMandrelValve UnitLower Valve MandrelUpper control HousingMiddle Control HousinConnect UnitLower HousingBottomTripLimiterLock ScrewUpper Adjusting SleeveSpring UnitPistonOil PlugLower Adjusting SleeveExtendedTrip SleeveLocated SleeveAdjusting SleeveWhen jarring down is needed, push the drilling jar until the pressure exceeds the release force. The lock unit opens soon and the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar is pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these seriesactions. The trip mandrel moves to limit position quickly along its fixed path producing huge jarring down force. The lock unit locked again when the drilling string is pulled, then the drilling or striking can be continued.The release force on the drill strings can be adjusted by the adjusting sleeve and the connect unit. In the adjustment process, first disassemble the cover screw, and then turn the adjusting sleeve by the spanner or the screwdriver alongside the thread to make an axial displacement and thus adjust the release force.4. Application Notice4.1 Prepare before down-hole operationThe drilling jar in the down-hole operation must be new or repaired after being used. The continuous working period of a new drilling jar for a single trip may not exceed more than 500 hours, not more than 300 hours for a repaired one. In high temperature or under the condition of acrid medium in the well fluid, it is not suitable to work for a long time. To avoid failure, the drilling jar should be repaired after being used in down hole, or else it is forbidden to use again.4.2 Position in the BHAJarring up or down of the hydraulic drilling jar is a whole section, and this can be subjected to a slightly pull force or push. In order to avoid free vibration of drill string affecting the jar’s life, it is important to avoid putting the jar on a neutral point of drill string. An ideal position is below the neutral point of the drill string, and this can make the pressing force on the drill string equal to the pump-open force.The drilling jar must be placed at the right position in the BHA to guarantee its proper effects and avoid some accidents. The jar's proper position is determined to the well conditions. Generally, the lower position, the better effect. In addition, the large pull or push force could result in unexpected strike.(1) Disposal on the lower location of the assembly (be pushed).The drilling jar is located above one drill collar at least where the collar is above the top centralizer.The drill collars located between a centralizer and a drilling jar can make the jar safer. For example, the drilling jar can not be stuck and dislodged by the rock cutting deposit. If a shock absorber locates in the drill strings, the drilling jar should be above it.(2) Disposal on the upper location of the assembly (be pulled).If it is predicated that the drill collars occur drill pipe stuck caused by pressure difference, the jar should be assembled on the position which is high enough in the drilling strings and always above the stuck point. But the disadvantage is that the distance between the jar and the stuck point would be too long and it could affect the jarring effect if the bit or the centralizers are stuck.4.3 Friction of the drill stringFriction is a kind of force generated between the drilling tool and borehole wall. Its empirical value is 50 kN ~200 kN. The friction is relevant with the BHA, mud condition and well bore structure. The force should be determined by the work site.During practical operation, the operators should exactly estimate the friction of the drill string.4.4 Pump-open ForcePump-open force is a kind of force exerting on the jar caused by the mud pressure in the drill strings in normal running. If the mud pressure is high enough, it will pull the jar open. Thus, the hook weight should deduce the pump-open force in the jarring up or down when calculates the force.The pump-open force is proportional to the pressure in the drill string and the piston equivalent area. So the pump-open force can be work out following:Pump-open force (kN) = piston area (mm2) -pumping pressure (MPa) ×10-3The piston equivalent area is related to the structure of the drilling jar. The pump-open force of QY-A drilling jar lists on the below table 1.Table 1 the Pump-open Force of QY-A Drilling Jar (kN)QY203AQY229AModel QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178APiston Area/mm24806 7835 7835 10722 13823 18850Pump Pressure/MPa971327555557 341381881077810 487819415026411014 6711027637721420 961571574.5 Jarring upWhen the jarring up is needed, lifting the drill strings to make the pull force reach the standardrelease force of the jar, an up-strike force would be produced. Pushing the drilling tools to make the jarreturn the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps will achieve the effectof continuous up strike. In jarring up, the hook load is calculated as follows:Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar + frictional force on the drill strings +standard release force - pump-open force4.6 Jarring downWhen the jarring down is needed, lowering down the string to make the press force reach thestandard release force of the jar, a down-strike force would be produced. Pulling the drilling tools tomake the jar return the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps willachieve the effect of continuous down strike. In down strike, the hook load is calculated as follows: Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar - standard release force- Frictional forceon the drill strings - pump-open force4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release forceWe can make use of the adjusting sleeve on cover screw of the drilling jar by the spanner or thescrewdriver to adjust the release force. The upper adjusting sleeve is used for adjusting the up-strikerelease force, and the lower adjusting sleeve for the down-strike release force.There are 25 adjusting grooves on the circumference of the nut that is made letters on the bottomof the grooves. It marks "+" and "-" beside the cover hole, which represents the increase or the decreasedirection of the release force. Letters near the cover hole represent the position of the standard releaseTable 2 the adjusting value every grooveforce on ex-works or on the maintenance.During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), when the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve can’t be adjusted, it reaches limited position, i.e. maximum or minimum release force.Notice: During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), lock screw is forbidden to be disassembled or loosen.The every groove can adjust the release force as table 2. On the actual application, adjust the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve every time for one or a number of limiting grooves and record theletter till it reaches the proper tons. It canachieve the adjustment of the force5. MaintenanceOnce the new drilling jar continuously works in the down hole more than 500 hours or 300 hours for the repaired one, it must be checked and disassembled. It is suggested that the drilling jar should be abandoned after it has worked for 1500 hours or 2 years.Before disassembly, the drilling jar should be tested and the data should be recorded.5.1 Preparation①Break-out / Make-up equipment and proper tools, including pipe wrench, chain wrench, nylon slinging belt, etc. is needed.②Sealing and wearing parts. Model Adjusting Value (kN) QY121A 25QY159A 30 QY165A 30 QY178A 40 QY203A 50QY229A 60╋ ╋Page 7 of 12③Lubricants, molybdenum disulfide(MoS 2) lubricant oil and L-HM 32 hydraulic oil. ④Technical files and service drawings of the drilling jar. 5.2 Disassembling ProcedureIn disassembly, it is forbidden to damage sealing surfaces or outer surface of the thin wall housing. Before the disassembly, the drilling jar must be in reset position.The housing threads of the drilling jar are cone screw threads and painted Y680 bounded agent. Locally heat the connection place of all cone screw thread to make bounded agent invalid for dismantling. The surface temperature after heating cannot go beyond 250 and it is noticed that the ℃heating area cannot extend to protect seal parts from damage.(1) Before the disassembly, confirm the drilling jar in the reset (latched) position. Then prepare the oilcontainer, disassemble the oil plug by a spanner, empty the hydraulic oil in the cavity and disassemble the cover screws and lock screws. (2) Disassemble the bottom sub.(3) Disassemble the piston with the special tool and valve unit.(4) Disassemble the lower housing. After loosen the threads, hoist and dislodge it horizontally by thehanging belt. Take notice of the coaxial with upper control housing and the rest.(5) Disassemble the connect unit, turn out the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of thembefore turning out.)(6) Disassemble the middle control housing. The disassembly way is same as the lower housing. Takeout the spring unit, separating sleeve, lining, friction sleeve and adjusting ring in the middle housing in sequence.(7) Disassemble the trip sleeve. First disassemble the extended mandrel, seize up the bottom end ofthe trip sleeve by the hanging belt and pulling it out by assembling test unit. Take out the separating sleeve and the spring unit on the mandrel in sequence.(8) Disassemble the upper control housing. The way is the same as the lower control housing. And turnout the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of them before turning out.) (9) Disassemble the lower valve housing.(10) Disassemble the lower valve mandrel and the valve unit.(11) Disassemble the upper valve housing, as the way of the lower valve housing.(12) Disassemble the upper valve mandrel, the valve unit and the back nut.(13) Disassemble the spline housing, stabilizer and the spline mandrel.(14) Disassemble all the seal components.(15) Flush all the components by cleaning equipment. Check the injury status of the components. Afterchecking, the housings, the spline mandrel, the trip mandrel, friction sleeve, trip sleeve, spring unit, adjusting sleeve and the trip mandrel coupling should be detected. The displacements are replaced according to the destructive status.(16) After taking out the drilling jar from the well, all the seal components should be replaced every time.5.3 Assembling Procedure(1) Pick out invalid parts, substitute new available components and prepare a set of seal and the toolsfor oil injection.(2) Clip the stabilizer with the chain clamp of the assembling unit. First, assemble the wiper ring, sealring and supporting ring into the stabilizer. Then hoist the spline mandrel horizontally, and carefully boot the spline into it and pay attention not to damage the spline body and seal parts.(3) Insert the spline mandrel into the stabilizer(the bare length of the spline mandrel is about 310mm )(4) Assemble the orienting sleeve and seal components into the spline housing.(5) Assemble the clamp ring. Turn the back nut into the spline mandrel and install the spline mandreland the upper valve mandrel. Tighten the back nut and the upper valve mandrel.(6) Assemble the supporting ring to the upper valve mandrel; tighten it with the spline mandrel. Installthe seal part on the mandrel. Assemble the spline housing and upper valve housing together.(7) Pull the spline mandrel to the max trip and install the valve unit.(8) Assemble the seal parts and locker screw on the lower valve mandrel.(9) Assemble the hydraulic cylinder and upper valve housing.(10) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve housing, tighten the hydraulic cylinder and lower valvehousing together.(11) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve mandrel and tighten it with the upper valve mandrel andtrip mandrel (the special tool is needed).(12) Screw the upper adjusting sleeve into the upper control housing. When the distance between theend surface of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is “X” (the up strike is 0), the value of Page 8 of 12Page 9 of 12“X” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, install the upper control housing.Table3 the distance between the end surface of adjusting sleeve and that of housingModelDistanceQY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229AX 5 8.4 8.4 11.5 11.2 11.8 Y 4.7 8.4 8.4 11.8 11.6 12(13) Install the extended mandrel and the trip mandrel.(14) Assemble the spring unit and the separating sleeve on the mandrel in the order. Plug the trip sleeveinto the trip mandrel to make it into the groove, i.e. the reset position.(15) Assemble the bushing, adjusting ring, locating bush, and trip sleeve into the middle housing. Installthe middle housing.(16) Screw the lower adjusting sleeve into the connect unit and ensure that the distance between thehead face of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is Y (the down strike is 0), the value of “Y” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, then install the connect unit. (17) Assemble the seal part on the piston and tighten it with the extend mandrel. (18) Assemble the lower control housing with the rest. (19) Install the top sub and assembling is accomplished.All the threads should be screwed down according to the make-up torque on table 4.Table 4 the make-up torque list of the threads (kN·m)ModelthreadsQY121A QY159/165A QY178A QY203A QY229A torque feed torquefeed torque feed torque feed torque feed housings 14 MoS 2 25 Y68035 Y68045 Y680 60 Y680mandrels 5 MoS 2 8 MoS 28 MoS 211 MoS 2 11 MoS 2Mandrel/piston 4 MoS 2 7MoS 28MoS 29MoS 211MoS 25.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiterIf the release force can not meet the requirement after long time using, repairing and coordinating the limiter is a good solution. If the custom wants to ascend the max release force, pare the end face nearing the adjusting sleeve. The length calculates as this formula:Page 10 of 12L=fptΔ25 L: The pared length, mm.p: The adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch ，check it on table 5, mm.t: Difference between the max release force required on table 1and fact force, kN. Δf: Increase or decrease force dialing every groove of the upper/lower sleeve, kN.Table 5 the adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch (mm)Model QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229Ap 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.23 4.5 6.356.Test & Oil Filling6.1 Oil FillingWhen the drilling jar has been assembled, it must be filled the oil into the cavity before the release force test.The liquid in the drilling jar is L-HM32 hydraulic oil. During oil filling, the drilling jar is required in the reset position.First, inject the barrel of the pump with the filtrated L-HM32 hydraulic oil. Before injection, lift upward the hole on the jar and then incline it by the traveling hoist at the angle of more than 30 degrees, in addition the large end of the mandrel is upward.The following is the connecting way between the oil pump and the hole on the jar. The hosepipe on the oil injection pump is connected with the bottom housing; one end of the return line connects to the hole on the spline body, and the other end inserts into the tubing. After connecting, the pump starts up. Wait till the air bubbles in the return line disappear for a long time so that all the remnant air is discharged, disassemble the pipe, assemble the pipe plug, and then put down the jar in horizontal position, disassemble the feed pipe, and finally install the pipe plug on the bottom housing, completing oil filling.6.2 Release force testThe reassembled drilling jars must come up to the standard in the release force test and seal test before used.After oiling the just-assembled drilling jar, test it’s jarring up and jarring down force on the push-pullBefore the test, it is suggested to locate the limiter as pre-disassembled. Please reference”6.4 repair & coordinate limiter” if you want to adjust the max release force in the adjustable extent of the limiter.After setting up the release force, record the letter locating near the setting nut vessel, and print it on the labeled vessel nearing adjustable aperture(print it behind all the letters ),then assemble limit nut and adjustable nut.The drilling jar must be reset after having been tested.6.3 Sealing TestThe nozzle is plugged by special pressure test connection. One end of the high-pressure hose is connected with the water inlet on the sub, the other end with the outlet on the electric pump. Make the air vent upward and disassemble the plug on the vent.Start up the pump and inject water into the jar. When the water fills up the jar and overflows from the air vent, stop the pump and install the core vent. After the above steps, start the pump again. When the pump pressure is up to 30MPa, stop it and retain the pressure for 5 minutes. If the pressure drops less than 0.5MPa, it represents the pressure test is ok. Disassemble the subs on the two ends. After drying the hole, paint the sealing grease and assemble the screw protector.7. Trouble & SolutionsBecause of the simple structure and the reliability of the mechanical QY-A drilling jar, a new jar or a jar after a normal repair won't have trouble. The trouble shooting during the application is as follows:a. the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can not be adjusted(1) If the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can adjust only toward one way, it indicates that the drilling jar has already been the max or min release force position. It is normal.(2) The drilling jar is not reset .Please pull or push it aptly. Push make jar reset when the jar has been up jarring or pull after down jarring.(3) The tool is too small to adjust the sleeve, please change a bigger one.b. No strike after the drill string lifted up(1) The jar is already at up-strike position. More drill springs would be lowered down to make the drilling jar be pushed, and then lift the strings up.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar outPage 11 of 12(3) If the lock unit of the jar is stuck and lodged, lift up the jar and repair it.c. No strike after the drill string lowered down(1) The jar is already at down-strike position, pull jar and lower down the drill string again.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar out to modulate.(3) After the drilling jar strikes for many times, and if the locking unit on the jar is stuck and lodged, lift the jar up and repair it.d. Vibration during normal drilling (unexpected strike)(1) If the release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low, the vibration on the drill string will cause unexpected strike. Try to decrease the vibration on the string or increase the release force on the drilling jar.(2) If the jar in BHA locates at an inappropriate position, it will undertake so much larger pull force or compress force in normal drilling operation. If unexpected striking down, try to decrease the drilling pressure or increase the position of the drilling jar on the drilling assembly; otherwise, if unexpected striking up, try to increase the drilling pressure or decrease the position.8. Damageable ComponentsAfter the jar has worked in the well one time, all the sealing parts must be replaced.Check the stress-containing and frictional parts. If having any damage, replace it. Damageable components and special tools are shown in the following additional table.9. Notices for Ordering(1) Model of the products should be written clearly and completely.(2) If having special requirements on the connect threads, please give us a detailed information when ordering. If no details, we will supply our standard supplies.(3) Name, order number and quantity should be written clearly if ordering spare parts and tools.Page 12 of 12Additional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9324610001 11 SplineSleeve 9314620004 22 SealHousing 9324610002 13 SplineNut 9314620008 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9324610004 16 Valve Unit 9314620200 2 complete setMandrel 9324610006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9324610009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9314631007 2Screw 9314620010 210 LockScrew 9314620011 211 CoverUnit 9314620100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9314630012 213 LocatedSleeve 9314630014 114 FrictionSleeve 9314630013 115 Trip16 TopSub 9324611010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIAdditional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 TopSub 9326211011 117 Seal Components 9326210900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve corePage II of 12Additional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 LowerHousing 9324610010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9314620810 Install valve mandrel and piston2 Screw Plug 9314630810 Install trip sleeve3 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIII。
HPAL工具特点结构简单可靠；1500mm长行程减震送钻，可保证100％在液压缓冲段工作；具有液压减震、液力送钻双重功能；具有防斜打直、提高钻速、减轻司钻劳动强度、保护钻具等多项效果；地面选配调节压力大小，适合牙轮钻头高钻压，也适合PDC钻头低钻压；根据要求的钻压大小，可以任意增减工具级数，灵活实用；工具本身几乎没有压力损失；系列化适合各种尺寸井眼6″,6-1/4″,7-7/8″,8-1/2″, 9-1/2″,9-7/8″,11-3/4″,12-1/4″。
目录HPAL工具特点 P1目录 P2一、概述 P3二、结构原理 P4三、工作原理 P5四、设计与操作 P5五、技术规范六、注意事项 P8七、清洗维护 P91.概述本工具是一种石油天然气钻井用的井下工具，具有液压减震、自动送钻等功能；具有防斜打直、提高钻速、减轻司钻劳动强度、保护钻头、钻具等多项功能。
在钻井过程中，由于地层和钻头的相互作用产生动载，引起整个钻柱和井底附近岩石产生弹性波，使钻头、钻柱不规则地震动，当激震频率和钻柱的固有频率相当或接近时，钻柱则产生强烈震动。
钻头破碎岩石时离开井底破坏了钻头的稳定工作方式和稳定的工作状态，底部钻柱组合的垂直位移（振幅）一般在2～3mm，在坚硬岩石和有裂缝的岩石中钻进，振幅可达100mm（与钻头转速有关）,用三牙轮钻头钻进时，震动频率接近钻头转动频率的3倍，因而对井底产生的动载荷有时超过钻压的4倍。
当然，钻柱震动的也取决于钻井泵的脉冲情况。
总之，震动的结果使钻头提前破坏、钻柱断裂、井斜以及严重影响钻进效率。
减振器的真正作用在于吸收和释放震动能，或者改变钻柱的自身频率，从而避免钻柱的共振，通常的机械减振器（叠簧式、橡胶球式等等），由于地层岩性的不确定性，钻头与地层产生的振动频率也不确定，就存在着钻头钻柱震动的频率与减振器频率匹配问题，也存在着机械减振器的寿命问题，机械减振器一般起不到很好地减震作用。
液压减震送钻器是以液压吸收、缓冲、阻尼震动，又能通过钻头水眼及时释放震动能，同时具有改变整个钻柱固有频率的功能，使整个钻具组合的刚度、自身频率发生了根本的变化，在全频率波段范围内广泛适应钻头与钻柱的震动，所以在大量的钻井实践中，液压减震器的减震效果是很好的。
