高级英语1 Unit5Conservatives and Liberals翻译

Conservatives and LiberalsRalph Waldo Emerson The two parties which divide the state, the party of Conservative and that of innovation, are very old, and have disputed the possession of the world ever since it was made. This quarrel is the subject of civil history. The conservative party established the reverend hierarchies and monarchies of the most ancient world. The battle of patrician and plebian, of parent state and colony, of old usage and accommodation to new facts, of the rich and , of the poor, reappears in all countries and times. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man’s bosom with opposing advantages every hour. On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.Such an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a correspondent depth of seat in the human constitution. It is the opposition of Past and Future, of Memory and Hope, of the Understanding and Reason. It is the primal antagonism, the appearance in trifles of the two poles of nature.There is a fragment of old fable which seems somehow to have been dropped from the current mythologies, which may deserve attention, as it appears to relate to this subject.Saturn grew weary of sitting alone, or with none but the great Uranus or Heaven beholding him, and he created an oyster. Then he would act again, but he made nothing more, but went on creating the race of oysters. Then Uranus cried, “a new work, O Saturn! The old is not good again.”Saturn replied, “I fear. There is not only the alternative of making and not making, but also of unmaking. Seest thou the great sea, how it ebbs and flows? So is it with me; my power ebbs; and if I put forth my hands, I shall not do, but undo. Therefore I do what I have done; I hold what I have got; and so I resist Night and Chaos.”“O Saturn,” replied Uranus. “Thou canst not hold thine own, but by making more. Thy oysters are barnacles and cockles, and with the next flowing of the tide, they will be pebble and sea foam.”“I see,”rejoins Saturn, “thou art in league with Night, thou art become an evil eye: thou spakest from love; now thy words smite me with hatred. I appeal to Fate, must there not be rest?”---“I appeal to Fate also,” said Uranus, “must there not be motion?”--- But Saturn was silent and went on making oysters for a thousand years.After that the word of Uranus came into his mind like a ray of the sun, and he made Jupiter; and then he feared again; and nature froze, the things that were made went backward, and to save the world, Jupiter slew his father Saturn.This may stand for the earliest account of a conversation on politicsbetween a Conservative and a Radical, which has come down to us. It is ever thus. It is the counteraction of the centripetal and the centrifugal forces. Innovation is the salient energy; Conservatism the pause on the last movement. “That which is was made by God,” saith Conservatism. “He is leaving that, he is entering this other,” rejoins Innovation.There is always a certain meanness in the argument of conservatism, joined with a certain superiority in its fact. It affirms because it holds. Its fingers clutch the fact, and it will not open its eyes to see a better fact. The castle, which conservatism set to defend, is the actual state of things. Of course, conservatism always has the worst of the argument, is always apologizing, pleading a necessity, pleading that to change would be to deteriorate; it must saddle itself with the mountainous load of all the violence and vice of society, must deny the possibility of good, deny ideas, and suspect and stone the prophet; whilst innovation is always in the right, triumphant, attacking, and sure of final success. Conservatism stands on man’s incontestable limitations; reform on his indisputable infinitude; conservatism on circumstance; liberalism on power; one goes to make an adroit member of the social frame; the other to postpone all things to the man himself; conservatism is debonair and social; reform is individual and imperious. We are reformers in the spring and summer, in autumn and winter we stand by the old; reformers in the morning, conservers at night. Reform is affirmative, conservatism negative;conservatism goes for comfort, reform for truth. Conservatism is more candid to behold another’s worth; reform more disposed to maintain and increase its own. Conservatism makes no poetry, breathes no prayer, has no invention; it is all memory. Reform has no gratitude, no prudence, no husbandry. It makes a great difference to your figure and to your thought, whether your foot is advancing or receding. Conservatism never puts the foot forward; in the hour when it does that, it is not establishment, but reform. Conservatism tends to universal seeming and treachery, believes in a negative fate; believes that men’s temper governs them; that for me, it avails not to trust in principles; they will fail me; I must bend a little; it distrusts nature; it thinks there is a general law without a particular application, law for all that does not include any one. Reform in its antagonism inclines to asinine resistance, to kick with hoofs; it runs to egotism and bloated self-conceit; it runs to a bodiless pretension, to unnatural refining and elevation, which ends in hypocrisy and sensual reaction.And so whilst we do not go beyond general statements, it may be safely affirmed of these two metaphysical antagonists, that each is a good half, but an impossible whole. Each exposes the abuses of the other, but in a true society, in a true man, both must combine. Nature does not give the crown of its approbation, namely, beauty, to any action or emblem or actor but to one which combines both these elements; not to the rockwhich resists the waves from age to age, not to the wave which lashes incessantly the rock, but the superior beauty is with the oak which stands with its hundred arms against the storms of a century and grows every year like a sapling; or the river which ever flowing, yet is found in the same bed from age to age; or, greatest of all, the man who has subsisted for years amid the changes of the nature, yet has distanced himself, so that when you remember what he was, and see what he is, you say, what strides! What a disparity is there!(1,132 words)。

必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best FriendDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her d iary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944Dear Kitty,I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave f ar too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face……Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longe r because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours,Anne第一单元友谊Reading 安妮最好的朋友你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。

外研社高中英语必修1-5 课文中英文对照必修一我上高中的第一天\ Module 1 My First Day at Senior High My name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang， a city not far from Beijing。

It is the capital city of Hebei Province。

我叫李康。

居住在石家庄，一座离北京不远的城市。

这座城市是河北省省会。

Today is my first day at Senior High school and I’m writing down my thoughts about it。

今天是我上高中的第一天，我将我对这一天的看法写下来。

My new school is very good and I can see why。

The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. 我的新学校很好,并且我能够明白其原因.老师非常热情、友好，课堂令人感到惊奇。

Every room has a computer with a special screen，almost as big as a cinema screen。

每个教室都有一台计算机，并配有特别的显示屏，其大小几乎同电影院的银幕一样. The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them。

老师写在电脑上，单词就出现在后面的屏幕上。

The screens also show photographs，text and information from websites。

They're brilliant! 屏幕还可展示图片、课文、和网站上的信息.简直太精彩了！The English class is really interesting。

UNIT11. Their sloppiness is merely the unfortunate consequence of their extreme moral rectitude.Paraphrase: Sloppy people are unfortunately biased by other people because they have absolute moral righteousness and correctness.Translation:马虎之人仅仅是由于他们具有极高的道德正义性，因而不幸地遭受到他人的偏颇。

(by 张津瑞）Para. 32. Sloppy people live in Never-Never Land. Someday is their métier.Paraphrase: Sloppy people who escape from the reality, are preoccupied with unrealistic beliefs, and they always place their hopes on someday that will never come. (by 盛佳美）Translation: 邋遢的人生活在幻想的世界里，把希望寄托在不会到来的某一天上是他们的专长。

(by 杨柳）3. Someday they will go through their wardrobes and mark certain items for...passing on to relatives of similar shape and size.Paraphrase: Someday they will look for their wardrobes and mark certain clothes which will be mended and which will be given to relatives who have the similar figures to theirs.Translation: 某一天他们会翻箱倒柜，为需要修补的衣服做上标记，以及挑出衣物送给和他们的身材差不多的亲戚。

高级英语一课文翻译高级英语一课文翻译高级英语是高等教育自学考试英语专业高级阶段（本科）的精读课，属于必考课程。

下面小编收集了高级英语课文翻译，供大家阅读。

我为什么写作Lesson 12： Why I Write从很小的时候，大概五、六岁，我知道长大以后将成为一个作家。

From a very early age，perhaps the age of five or six，I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer.从15到24岁的这段时间里，我试图打消这个念头，可总觉得这样做是在戕害我的天性，认为我迟早会坐下来伏案著书。

Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to adandon this idea， but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books.三个孩子中，我是老二。

老大和老三与我相隔五岁。

8岁以前，我很少见到我爸爸。

由于这个以及其他一些缘故，我的性格有些孤僻。

我的举止言谈逐渐变得很不讨人喜欢，这使我在上学期间几乎没有什么朋友。

I was the middle child of three， but there was a gap of five years on either side， and I barely saw my father before I was eight- For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely， and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays.我像一般孤僻的孩子一样，喜欢凭空编造各种故事，和想像的人谈话。

Unit 5 Conservatives and Liberals3. Text explanations1) Questions:(1) What are the major concerns of conservatism?According to the author, conservatism emphasizes tradition, authority, law and order, and the impossibility of achieving anything Utopian which romantics long for.(2) Do conservative and liberal ways of thinking invariably fall into two definitely different categories of thought patterns different people might have?No. They might coexist in one person at different stages of his life. Therefore, the author says, "We are reformers in spring and summer, in autumn and winter we stand by the old; reformers in the morning, conservers at night."(3) According to the author, will the so-called "irreconcilable antagonism" inevitably lead to disastrous consequences?Not necessarily so. As soon as people establish the idea in their mind that both elements should be combined, they might work out a way to strike a balance between the two. To realize that there exists the possibility of a solution and the necessity of mutual understanding may well be the first step people take on their long way to success.2) Text interpretationThis piece of analytic writing presents the readers with a sharp contrast between Conservatism and Liberalism, two most fundamental ways of thinking in human life. Being a great thinker and scholar, the author Ralph Waldo Emerson deals with the subject with penetrating insight and philosophical profundity. He not only outlines respectively the features of the two parties from a neutral stand, but also makes objective and dialectic comments on both. It is his sincere efforts that lead to his most enlightening conclusion: each is a good half but an impossible whole and in a true society, in a true man, both must combine.The whole piece can be divided into three parts. The first two paragraphs serve as the beginning, which points out the various forms as well as the nature of the antagonism of the two. Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 9is the middle part, which contains a fable that illustrates in a vivid way the different thinking modes of the two types of people. Paragraphs 10 and 11constitute the last part of the article. Paragraph 10 is the most exciting part of the article, which provides the readers with a careful analysis of the major differences between the two ways of thinking in a highly condensed manner. In it, the ideas are closely knit and well developed, and certain rhetorical devices such as metaphor and parallelism are properly applied, making the whole paragraph both eloquent and convincing. Paragraph 11 is the ending. It is characterized by the skillful use of analogy, which renders the author's idea both clear and artful. With the images of oak and river, Emerson succeeds in getting across to his readers the message that only when both the elements of conservatism and reform are combined can beauty, the crown of nature's approbation, be achieved.4. Structural AnalysisPart I (Paragraph 1-2) constitutes the beginning of the article, which offers the readers a roughdescription of the antagonism between the party of Conservatism and that of Innovation.The author also points out the essence of the antagonism, which is the reflection of the two poles of human nature. These two paragraphs fulfill the task of telling the readers the subject of the article.Part II ( Paragraphs3-9) contain "a fragment of old fable" which vividly and clearly illustrates the different ways of thinking of the two parties. Saturn's stands for the conservative way of thinking, characterized by its emphasis on maintaining the status quo, and Uranus' the liberal, characterized by its emphasis on hoping for a better future. The act of Jupiter's killing his father Saturn is of a typically radical style.QuestionWhat is such a fable intended for?The author's intention of telling the fable is to echo the statement in Paragraph 2 that theconflict between the conservative and the liberal can betraced back to ancient times even before human beings were created. Even thoseimmortal gods were also subject to these two opposing ways of dealing with things.Therefore we can see how prevalent and powerful the two opposites are.Part III (Paragraphs 10-11)The language adopted in Paragraph 10 is generally abstract and philosophical, while that in Paragraph 11 is vivid and literary. The alternative use of two different dictions shows the author's great skill in making his ideas clear, impressive and convincing. Paragraph 10 presents a sharp contrast between Conservatism and Reform.One thing the readers should pay great attention to is the author's attitude expressed between the lines. Since there have been many simplified, therefore dangerous, understandings towards these two concepts, it is quite difficult for the author to stick to a neutral stand. It is as if he were walking in a forest of misunderstanding, carefully evading the interference of wrong ideas and elbowing out a way to the other side where bright space awaits. The march is difficult, yet he manages to arrive at the destination.One of the features we can see very clearly in this paragraph is the power of his language.Compared with the power in Paragraph 10, the last paragraph is characterized by gentle emotion, just as the rainbow makes its appearance after a tempest. With the terse expression of philosophical ideas, a literary image emerges to serve as the conclusion as well as the epilogue of the article. It is this calm and translucent ending that saves the author from being an astute winner of a shallow quarrel, and makes him a humble but wise man gently telling a noble truth.Step III. Detail Study of the Text1. rage + v. to spread or prevail forcefully(p1)The plague raged for months.2.On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fightrenews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities. (p1)The old world goes on along with the war between the conservatives and the liberals, during which one party prevails over the other by alternation. The fight between the two parties goes on endlessly and fiercely, under different names in different times, and abusive language is used in the course to attack each other.personalities + n. (archaic) disparaging remarks about an individual3. Such an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a correspondent depth of seat in the human constitution. (p2)The conflict between the two parties is so heated and deep-rooted that it has to be accounted for in terms of human nature.4. It is the primal antagonism, the appearance in trifles of the two poles of nature. (p2)It is the most important form of conflict. Though it takes the form of unimportant things, it reflects two opposing extremes in human nature.5. Thou canst not hold thine own, but by making more. (p6)Making more things of the same kind, you would not be able to maintain what you possess at present.6. There is always a certain meanness in the argument of conservatism, joined with a certain superiority in its fact. It affirms because it holds. (p10)Compared with the argument of Reform which tends to criticize the outdated and unreasonable things, the argument of Conservatism which tends to defend them is always placed at a disadvantage. However, in reality, it is often the Conservative force that takes a more advantageous position. The conservatives tend to assert a positive view of the present situation, because they strive to maintain the status quo.7. Conservatism stands on man's incontestable limitations; reform on his indisputable infinitude; conservatism on circumstance; liberalism on power; (p10)Conservatism refuses to change the current world drastically, so it would always take man's limitations in consciousness or his capability as its ground of argument for the impossibility of such a change, and would insist that the limitations are absolute and beyond any argument; while reform, with the purpose of changing the current situation completely, would emphasize man's infinitive power in creating miracles and deem such power as something beyond doubt. Also, in order to achieve their respective purposes mentioned above, conservatism would emphasize the objective difficulties, while reform would place stress on man's subjective power.8. ... one goes to make an adroit member of the social frame; the other to postpone all things to the man himself; (p10)Conservatism respects the current social frame and wants to develop a system of skills that may help people to adapt well to society; while liberalism deems human beings as the most important element of the social system and all other things should be adjusted to satisfy their need.9. ... conservatism is debonair and social; reform is individual and imperious. (p10) Conservatism is generally constructive, so it tends to maintain the current system as much as possible. Therefore, it would like to take lenient and inoffensive measures in dealing with social problems and would care more about the interests of society as a whole. Reform, at least at its beginning stage, is somewhat deconstructive, so it would easily ignore the stability of the whole system and cares more about the realization of individuals' intention. Accordingly, it would like to adopt drastic measures to change the current social system.10. Conservatism is more candid to behold another's worth; reform more disposed to maintain and increase its own. (p10)Conservatism, in its efforts to maintain the current social system, would be more likely to consider the worth of reform; while reform, more resolute and determined in achieving its own purpose, would be more likely to pay exclusive attention to its own worth or benefits.11. Conservatism makes no poetry, breathes no prayer, has no invention; it is all memory.Reform has no gratitude, no prudence, no husbandry. (p1o)Conservatism has no romantic prospect of the future and does not want to do anything creative to change the status quo, whereas Reform deems the status quo a world of the past. Since no benefit has ever been gained from such a world, Reform bears no gratitude to it and does not think it is worth careful maintaining and operating.12. It makes a great difference to your figure and to your thought, whether your foot is advancing or receding. (p10)Whether you take a conservative stand or a liberal one matters a lot to your social image and the way you think.13. Conservatism never puts the foot forward; in the hour when it does that, it is not establishment, but reform. (p10)It would never be possible for Conservatism to take radical measures. Should it ever do so, it would no longer be what it is, but rather, turn quickly into Reform, its opposite.establishment + n. something established, as an arranged order or system14. Conservatism tends to universal seeming and treachery, believes in a negative fate;What conservatism cares about is to keep the general appearance of society or maintain the existing framework. Drastic changes of form would undoubtedly meet with strong resistance. But this does not mean it would refuse to accept some mild revision. Therefore, it does not care to have some limited compromises which may cause inconsistency between the appearance and the substance. It believes that everything has been decided by fate, so it would do nothing positive to change the status quo.seeming + n. outward appearance; semblancetreachery + n. inconsistency15. ... it thinks there is a general law without a particular application, law for all that does not include any one. (p10)It believes that there can be a way to balance different benefits, yet no one will be satisfied by such an abstract and ideal law.16. Reform in its antagonism inclines to asinine resistance, to kick with hoofs; it runs to egotism and bloated self-conceit; it runs to a bodiless pretension, to unnatural refining and elevation, which ends in hypocrisy and sensual reaction. (p10)In this long formed pattern of antagonism, Reform would have a lot of chances to turn itself into a stupid bigotry, the content of which is to resist any ideas from the opposite party. Since it lays too much emphasis on the value of man or individual, it would easily go so far as to enter the territory of egoism and self-conceit. Sometimes its claims would become too ideal and empty, leaving no one to benefit substantially from it. Therefore, in the end, those high-sounding and apparently lofty words would be degraded into cheap and hollow slogans. If Reform goes to extremes, it would betray its intention and render itself hypocritical and unreasonable.17. And so whilst we do not go beyond general statements, it may be safely affirmed of these two metaphysical antagonists, that each is a good half, but an impossible whole. (p11)If we can define the claims of the two within the bounds of reason and do not let either one go to extremes, then we can safely draw the conclusion that Conservatives and Liberals, the two opposite parties at metaphysical level, have their respective rationality but neither should completely replace the other and become the only way of thinking for human beings.Step V. KEY TO EXERCISESText ComprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose.DII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. F. Refer to Paragraph 8. After that, the word of Uranus came into his mind like a ray of the sun, and he made Jupiter ...3. T. Refer to Paragraph 9.4. F. Refer to Paragraph 10. The castle, which conservatism is set to defend, is the actual state of things, good and bad.5. T. Refer to Paragraph 10.6. T. Refer to Paragraph 11.III. Answer the following questions.1. (Paragraphs 4 to 7) Saturn kept on performing the same action of making oysters while Uranus urged him to change and demanded a new work, which Saturn refused. The tenet of Saturn was to hold what he had got. Both of them appealed to Fate, but their appeals were different in that Saturn appealed for rest while Uranus appealed for motion.2. (Paragraphs 4 to 7) Saturn had a fear of unmaking, or undoing what he had done. Even if the impulse of doing something new gave him some ideas of very inspiring prospects, his fear overcame his positive impulse. That is the kind of fear characteristic of conservatives.3. (Paragraph 9) Conservatives believe that the existent world, whether good or bad, was created by God, and the duty of human beings is to uphold His creation. On the other hand, liberals argue that God has left the old world and adopted the new world, and it is His will to change.4. (Paragraph 10) Conservatives have the worst of the argument, as they are always on the defensive, trying to defend the actual and the existent and denying the possibility of the good and the future. For the purpose of maintaining the current state of things, they have to accommodate all the violence and vice of society, which liberals are able to attack in a triumphant way.5. (Paragraph 11) Emerson believes that a true society demands combination of the elements, in particular advantages, of both conservatives and liberals, and that a true man changes with the time although he may not necessarily commit himself to the changes.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1. The argument of conservatism has a certain disadvantage but it is also advantageous over liberals for it depends on the actual state of things.2. Conservatives do not have a romantic vision, or request for the better, or the urge to be creative. What they tend to do is to maintain the status quo. On the other hand, liberals are not satisfied with the status quo, so they won't treat things with caution to keep them intact, or make efforts to conserve the resources or assets already existent.3. It is certain that conservatives and liberals, representing two opposite ideals, have their respective advantages, but they both are limited in some way.Text appreciation .1) It is the counteraction of the centripetal and the centrifugal forces. (Paragraph 9)2) The castle, which conservatism is set to defend, is the actual state of things, good and bad. The project of innovation is the best possible state of things. (Paragraph 10)3) We are reformers in spring and summer, in autumn and winter we stand by the old; reformers in the morning, conservers at night. (Paragraph 10)Language workI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. spreads or prevails forcefullybenefits or profits; gains2. wins; prevails3. be equally deep-rooted in human nature4. depends onstate or quality of being unlimited5. pays attention to6. the best it has to offerII. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1. A2. C3. B4. B5. C6. A7. D8. D9. A 10. DIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. ragefully2. incontestable3. emblematic4. irreconcilably5. hierarchized6. unseemly7. treacherous8. MountaineeringV.改错1.Nationally---internationally2.^as..such3.\for4.does---done5.^other..than6.that---what7.few-fewer8.\the9.amount---number10.\inTransitionThe former are complacent with the established hierarchies while the latter strive for a new cosmos order which they believe will be superior to the previous one. /They each give priorities to totally different things. The former emphasize brilliant past glories while the latter are chiefly concerned about the rosy future. / The former based their views on man’s inco ntestable limitations while the latter stand on his indisputable infinitude of possibilities in improving and perfecting themselves./ If the former go too far, they may display some nostalgia for a largely nonexistent past, which may handicap the pursuit of a still better future./ If the latter goes too far, they tend to cherish some dreams too romantic to be practical./ If human life consists of spring, summer, autumn and winter, we are inclined to be liberals in spring and summer, but there is every likelihood that we may turn ourselves into conservatives by degrees in autumn and winter./ For example, the famous modernist poet Elliot explored in his early poetry various aspects of decay of civilization in the modern Western world, but he attached much importance to stability and order in his later works.。

中英=高级英语1-何兆熊-Unit-5-conservatives-and-liberalsUnit 5 conservatives and liberals保守派和革新派Conservatives and LiberalsRalph Waldo Emerson1. The two parties which divide the state, the party of Conservative and that of innovation, are very old, and have disputed the possession of the world ever since it was made. This quarrel is the subject of civil history. The conservative party established the reverend hierarchies and monarchies of the most ancient world. The battle of patrician and plebian, of parent state and colony, of old usage and accommodation to new facts, of the rich and, of the poor, reappears in all countries and times. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man’s bosom with opposing advantages every hour. On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.这个国家存在着两个政党，保守党和革新党。

Unit 5billion /ˈbɪljən / n.十亿native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人attitude /ˈætɪtju:d; NAmE 'ætitu:d/ n.态度；看法reference /ˈrefrəns / n.指称关系；参考refer / rɪˈfɜ:(r) / (referred , referred , referring) vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅system /ˈsɪstəm / n.体系；制度；系统despite /dɪˈspaɪt / prep.即使；尽管ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素based /beɪst/ adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的base /beɪs/ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n. 底部；根据date back (to ...) 追溯到bone / bəʊn / n.骨头；骨(质)shell /ʃel / n.壳；壳状物symbol /ˈsɪmbl / n. 符号；象征carve / kɑ:v /vt. & vi 雕刻dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; NAmE ' dai-/ n.王朝；朝代variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n.地方话；方言means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n.经典作品；名著regard /rɪˈgɑ:d/n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待character /'kærəktə(r)/ n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点calligraphy / kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n.书法；书法艺术global /'gləʊbəl/ adj.全球的；全世界的affair /əˈfeə(r)/ n.公共事务；事件；关系appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt / vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj.特定的；明确的；具体的CE /ˌsi:ˈi:/ (Common Era) 公元struggle /ˈstrʌgl/ n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗tongue /tʌŋ/n.舌头；语言point of view观点；看法semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/ n.学期gas /ɡæs/n.汽油；气体；燃气petrol /'petrəl/ n. (NAmE gas ) 汽油subway /'sʌbweɪ/ n.(BrE underground) 地铁apartment /ə'pɑ:tmənt/n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房pants / pænts / n. [pl.] (BrE )内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE )裤子beg /beg/ vt.恳求；祈求；哀求equal /'i:kwəl / n.同等的人；相等物adj. 相同的；同样的gap /gæp/ n.间隔；开口；差距demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/n.要求；需求vt. 强烈要求；需要vi.查问vocabulary /və'kæbjələri ; NAmE -leri / n.词汇description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字)；形容relate /rɪˈleɪt / vt.联系；讲述relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT汉语书写体系：连接古今China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古老文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。

必修一Unit 5 ELIAS’STORY伊莱亚斯的故事My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa.我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。

我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。

The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。

I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.（当时）我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。

He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。

He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。

I needed his help because I had very little education.由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。

I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.我六岁开始上学，我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。

I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。