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◆经济类Practice 57我多次参加过亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会，与亚太地区工商界人士共商促进本地区的经济合作与发展问题。
这次上海亚太经合组织共商领导人峰会以“新世纪、新经济：在全球化中发展”为题进行专门讨论，很有意义。
在上次文莱亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上，我就新经济和经济全球化问题谈了看法。
今天，我想进一步谈谈对这个问题的看法。
人类进入新世纪，不仅意味着年代上的更新，而且意味着国际社会开启了经济发展和社会进步的新时期。
主要标志是：世界多极化、经济全球化的不断发展，尤其是科学技术的突飞猛进，为全球经济和社会发展提供了前所未有的物质技术条件，打开了广阔的前景。
日新月异的科技进步，正在深刻地影响着人们的经济、政治和文化生活。
推动新经济的发展，不仅要求我们用先进科学技术更新经济，而且要求我们适应这个发展趋势来更新经济结构、经济体制、经济机制，更新国与国、企业与企业之间的经济关系，更新推进各国开展经济技术合作的指导思想和观念。
100多年来，世界生产力迅速发展，物质财富和精神财富的生产都取得了空前的成就，人类生活状况得到了很大的改善。
但也必须看到，在生产力和科学技术迅速发展的同时，世界发展不平衡的现象始终存在，尤其是南北差距不仅没有缩小，反而不断扩大；广大发展中国家仍比较普遍地存在贫穷和饥饿现象；地区冲突、环境恶化、国际犯罪等问题仍然困扰着人们；高新技术产业的发展也面临着一些问题，特别是有效需求相对不足的问题。
这说明，要使得各国人民都能享受生产力特别是科技进步的成果，实现普遍发展，必须在发展新科技、新产业的同时，对经济结构、经济体制、经济机制进行改革和更新。
关键是要在世界经济事务中全面贯彻多边主义的合作发展精神。
不同民族、不同历史文化、不同社会制度和不同经济发展水平的国家和地区，应互相尊重，求同存异，取长补短，和平共处，协商合作，推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序，努力促进共同发展和繁荣。
这是解决目前世界经济发展中存在问题的根本出路，也是推动新经济进一步发展的必要条件。
第2章考研英语（二）英译汉段落翻译高分特训100篇自1997年MBA联考以来，英译汉段落翻译一直是必考题型。
纵观考研英语（二）历年真题可以发现，英译汉段落翻译部分一般不涉及专业性较强的内容，短文题材包括社会文化、经济管理、科普知识等，比较集中在经济、金融、企业管理方面的一般性综述。
体裁多为正式说明文和议论文，用词比较规范、正式。
根据最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲（非英语专业）关于翻译部分的要求，并结合历年翻译真题常考题材及要点，本章精选出考研英语（二）英译汉段落100篇，使考生全面了解考研英语（二）各个题材的翻译，真正做到考试时得心应手。
◆经济管理类Practice 1The rules of admission into the world economy not only reflect little awareness of developing priorities, they are often completely unrelated to sensible economic principles. For instance, WTO agreements on anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, agriculture, textiles, and trade-related intellectual property rights lack any economic rationale beyond the mercantilist interest of a narrow set of powerful groups in advanced industrial countries. Bilateral and regional trade agreements are typically far worse, as they impose even tighter prerequisites on developing countries in return for crumbs of enhanced “marketaccess.” For example, the African Growth and Opportunity Act signed by U.S. President Clinton in May 2000 provides increased access to the U.S. market only if African apparel manufacturers use U.S.-produced fabric and yarns. This restriction severely limits the potential economic spillover in African countries.参考译文及解析【参考译文】世界经济的入场规则不仅反映出对发展优先顺序的一无所知，而且往往与合理的经济原则全然不符。
第4章商业经济类高分特训22篇基础篇Test 1 字数：260Globalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is (1)________the world with increasing speed and changing the global landscape (2)________something new and different. Yet, like all such trends, its meaning, development, and impact (3)________many. We talk about globalization and (4)________its effects, but few of us really understand the forces that are at (5)________in the global political economy.When people use their cell phones, log (6)________ the Internet, view events from around the world on live television, and experience (7)________cultures in their own backyards, they begin to (8)________that this process of globalization is a good thing that will bring a variety of new and (9)________changes to people’s lives. Many aspects of this (10)________revolution bring fun, ease, and sophistication to people’s daily lives. (11)________the anti-World Trade Organization (WTO) protests in Seattle, Washington in 1999 and Washington, D. C. in 2000 are graphic (12)________of the fact that not (13)________believes that globalization is a good thing. Many Americans who have felt left out of the global economic (14)________, as well as Latin Americans, Africans, and Asians who feel that their job skills and abilities are being (15)________by multinational corporations (MNCs) in a global division of (16)________, believe that this system does not (17)________their needs.Local cultures that believe that Wal-Mart and McDonald’s bring cultural change and harm (18)________inexpensive products and convenience criticize the process.(19)________this way, globalization, like all revolutionary forces, polarizes people, alters the fabric of their lives, and creates rifts(裂痕)within and (20)________people.1. A. coveringB. dissolvingC. shockingD. sweeping2. A. toB. intoC. withD. in3. A. puzzleB. upsetC. terrifyD. amuse4. A. hateB. boastC. guardD. experience5. A. homeB. lifeC. workD. office6. A. intoB. ontoC. onD. for7. A. outstandingB. varyingC. strikingD. promising8. A. believeB. suspectC. wonderD. remind9. A. evilB. ashamedC. limitedD. sophisticated10. A. technologicalB. mechanicalC. opticalD. physical11. A. SinceB. YetC. SoD. But12. A. symbolsB. processesC. illustrationsD. datas13. A. everyoneB. everythingC. everywhereD. everyday14. A. depressionB. supportC. threatD. boom15. A. surveyedB. exploitedC. promittedD. demonstrated16. A. laborB. jobC. politicsD. culture17. A. suitB. completeC. meetD. accord18. A. but alsoB. apart fromC. but forD. rather than19. A. InB. OnC. WithD. for20. A. forB. atC. betweenD. in【文章大意】本文主要讲述全球化给人们生活带来的变化和思考。
◆文学类Practice 39How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. In the spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush thought my open finger. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. T o me the page ant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. the panorama of color and actionwhich fills the world is taken for granted. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere conveniences rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in "How to Use Your Eyes". The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them. He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.Perhaps I can best illustrate by imagining what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say, for just three days. And while I am imagining, suppose you, too, set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see. If with the on-coming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, how would you spend those three precious intervening days? What would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?I, naturally, should want most to see the things which have become dear to me through my years of darkness. You, too, would want to let your eyes rest on the things that have become dear to you so that you could take the memory of them with you into the night that loomed before you.If, by some miracle, I were granted three seeing days, to be followed by a relapse into darkness, I should divide the period into three parts.【参考译文】我独自一人，在林子里散步一小时之久而没有看到任何值得注意的东西，那怎么可能呢？我自己，一个不能看见东西的人，仅仅通过触觉，都发现许许多多令我有兴趣的东西。
◆文化教育类Practice 45The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideas and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values.The humanists rejected the Scholastic philosophy with its preoccupation with theology and logic. They strove for a smooth and elegant style that would appeal more to the aesthetic than to the rational side of man’s nature.参考译文及解析【参考译文】首先，文艺复兴包含了文学、艺术、科学、哲学、教育和宗教方面令人印象深刻的新的成就。
第1章考研英语（一）翻译攻略1.1考研英语（一）翻译题型介绍一、综述考研英语（一）阅读C节，即英译汉部分要求考生阅读一篇约为400词的英语文章，文章中有5个画线部分，约150词，要求考生在30分钟内将其译为汉语，并要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
根据大纲规定，考研英语（一）的评分标准如下：1．五个小题，每题两分，共10分。
2．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
3．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。
4．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。
在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分。
二、命题特点（1）选文特点①体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。
②题材广泛，英译汉所选用的文章大多摘自原版刊物或读物，内容涉及社会生活、科普知识、文化教育、人物传记等几个方面。
下表是历年真题选文具体信息：（2）设题特点通过对近年来试题的分析研究中，我们发现，英译汉部分的命题有以下几个明显的趋势：①从语法来看近年来难度有所降低，长句、难句逐步变少。
适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的翻译技巧。
②从词汇来看一词多义，一词转义现象增多。
要求考生必须根据上下文灵活地选择词义或将词义加以引申。
从这一点讲，词汇难度有增加的趋势。
如考题中的代词，如this、that、it、they等情况复杂，往往不是单纯地指代一个简单的名词，而是指代上下文的一件事或一个观点等，考生需要根据上下文准确把握其中的意思。
尤其是当一个代词指代的是后面的内容时，较难把握，更需要考生仔细阅读上下文了。
③从翻译技巧来看越来越重视考生掌握和运用基本翻译技巧的能力，并要求考生具有相当的中文水平。
基本的翻译技巧训练是迅速提高本部分得分的有效途径。
1.2英语与汉语的差异英语和汉语是有着很大差异的。
首先对这些差异有一个总体印象，在做题时就能得心应手。
差异主要表现在：1．形合与意合英语重形合，而汉语重意合。
2.8 政治经济类（Practice 83～Practice 92）Practice 832011年是中国进入“十二五”时期的开局之年。
在新的一年里，中国人民将继续高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，以科学发展为主题，以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，加快推进经济结构调整，着力保障和改善民生，不断深化改革开放，保持经济平稳较快发展，促进社会和谐稳定。
我们将坚持“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，紧紧依靠广大香港同胞、澳门同胞，努力保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。
我们将坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的方针，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展主题，继续推进两岸交流合作，不断造福两岸同胞。
当前，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，科技创新孕育新突破，但世界经济复苏进程仍将艰难曲折，气候变化、能源资源安全、粮食安全、公共卫生安全等全球性问题更加突出，国际和地区热点问题此起彼伏，世界和平与发展面临的机遇和挑战都前所未有。
加强国际合作，携手应对人类共同面临的严峻挑战，符合各国人民共同利益。
借此机会，我愿重申，中国将继续高举和平、发展、合作旗帜，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，在和平共处五项原则的基础上积极发展同各国的友好交往和互利合作，积极参与应对全球性问题的国际合作，继续同各国人民一道推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
此时此刻，世界上还有不少民众经受着战火、贫困、疾病、自然灾害等带来的苦难。
中国人民对他们的不幸遭遇抱着深深的同情，衷心希望他们早日摆脱困境。
中国人民将一如既往向他们提供力所能及的帮助。
我相信，只要各国人民携手努力，世界发展前景一定会更加美好，各国人民福祉一定会不断增进。
【参考译文】The year 2011 marks the beginning of China's implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development. In the upcoming year, we will unswervingly uphold the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, deepen the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, pursue a path of scientific development, accelerate the change of development mode and structural adjustment, and maintain a proactive fiscal and stable monetary policy. We will pay more attention to deepening the reform and opening up and further improving people's welfare. We will make overall plans to guarantee a stable and relatively fast economic growth and social harmony and stability. We will uphold the principles of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" and "Macao people governing Macao" with a high degree of autonomy. We will work together with our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to maintain long-term prosperity and stability in the two Special Administrative Regions. We will adhere to the Principles of "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems", and firmly grasp the theme of cross-Straits relations and peaceful development, strengthen the cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation, and bring continuous well-being to compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.At present, the world is moving further towards multi-polarity and globalization while the innovation of science and technology is brewing new breakthroughs. But, at the same time, the recovery of world economy is still facing many hardships; global issues such as climate change, energy, resources, food and public sanitary security are prominent; and international and regional hot spots are popping up. World peace and development face grave challenges. To strengthen global cooperation and meet the challenges in a joint way is to the best interest of the people of all countries. I would like to take this opportunity to reaffirm that China will uphold the banner of peace, development and cooperation and adhere to an independent and peaceful foreign policy. We will unswervingly take the road of peaceful development and implement a strategy of opening up for mutual benefit and win-win situation, actively develop friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, actively participate in efforts by the international community to deal with the global issues, and strive to build a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.At this moment on this planet we inhabit, there are still people who are suffering the effects of war, poverty, sickness and natural disasters. The Chinese people have great sympathy for their pain, and are always willing to do all we can to help them overcome the difficulties. I believe, with sustained efforts of people of all countries, the world is sure to progress, and humanity's well-being is certain to improve.Practice 84我们必须加大对农业的支持力度。
第1章汉译英技巧指南英汉两种语言属不同语系，经过长期的历史演变构成了自己鲜明的特点。
因此，对比英汉两种语言的异同，从而掌握它们的特点，对做好英汉互译是十分重要的。
英汉翻译的翻译理论、方法和技巧都建立在英汉两种语言的对比上。
在具体介绍英汉翻译技巧之前，本部分将对英汉两种语言进行宏观上的对比，以助于译者掌握两种语言的特点，并在翻译时自觉运用这些特点，译出更符合目标语的译文。
一、英语重结构，汉语重语义英语造句常用各种形式和手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性接应，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显意。
句子以形寓意，以法摄神，因而严密规范，采用的是焦点句法。
与英语造句手段不同，汉语造句注重隐形连贯，注重逻辑事理顺序，注重功能、意义，注重以神统形，注重意念连贯，不求结构齐整。
句子以意役形，以神统法，因而流泻铺排，采用的是散点句法。
汉语很少用甚至不用形式连接手段，词语之间的关系常在不言之中，语法意义和逻辑关系常隐含在字里行间。
英译汉时，往往要先分析句子的结构、形式，才能确定句子的功能、意义；汉译英时，则要先分析句子的功能、意义，才能确定句子的结构、形式，这样才能使译文通顺、流畅。
二、英语是综合语，汉语是分析语英语是综合性语言，它主要通过本身的形态变化（如数、时、格等）来表达其语言意义。
如表示不同时态时，规则动词的过去式和过去分词，在动词原形后加-ed，不规则动词的过去式和过去分词都各有不同变化。
汉语是分析性语言，它的语法关系和句法关系主要不是通过词语本身来体现，而是通过虚词、词序等手段表示出来的。
比如，单看“工作”这个词，很难判断其词性，但如果说“努力工作（work hard），找工作（to find jobs）”，就很容易看出来了。
三、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心在表达多逻辑思维时，英语往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后。
例如：The visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought, to see for myself the achievement of the Chinese people.这次访问使我有机会亲眼看一看中国人民取得的成就，这是我向往已久的。
2.1.1 单句英译汉1. One day, science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer.答案：某一天，科学界说每天一杯红酒能使我们长寿。
2. All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation答案：它真正能做到的只是为研究者们进一步的调查指明正确方向。
3. Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension答案：对熟练的语言学习者的研究已经发现了某些有助于提升听力理解的策略。
4. They set a goal for their listening, and they generate predictions about what the speaker will say.答案：他们为自己的听力设定一个目标，并且预测说话者将要说什么。
5. As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats, the musicians from the ship's band stood and played.答案：当泰坦尼克号逐渐下沉时，女人和小孩们爬进了救生船，船上乐队里的音乐家们站在甲板上继续演奏。
6. But the deeper answer is that the tales that have lasted are magical adventures that help children deal with the struggles and fears of their everyday lives.答案：但是更深层次的答案是，那些流传已久的童话都是一些冒险故事，它们能够帮助孩子们应对日常生活中的挣扎与恐惧。
政治经济类（Practice10～18）◆政治经济类Practice10中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，是当代中国发展进步的旗帜，是全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的旗帜。
解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝，改革开放是发展中国特色社会主义的强大动力，科学发展、社会和谐是发展中国特色社会主义的基本要求，全面建设小康社会是党和国家到二零二零年的奋斗目标，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。
参考译文The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor. Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics,reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it,and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it.Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a goal for the Party and the state to reach by2020,and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.翻译要点本题第一句中“当代中国发展进步的旗帜”如果译为the banner of development and progress in contemporary China也完全可以，问题是后面“全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的旗帜”很难作名词化处理。
第1章考研英语（二）翻译攻略1.1考研英语（二）翻译题型介绍一、综述2010年1月起，MBA（工商管理学硕士）、MPAcc（会计硕士）和MPA（公共管理硕士）等专业硕士学位项目入学考试的英语科目采用全国硕士研究生入学统一考试的英语（二）试卷，考试测试内容和题型也作了统一规定。
根据《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲（非英语专业）》，段落英译汉为试卷第三部分，该部分要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
共15分。
二、命题特点（1）选文特点英译汉部分所选短文多为正式说明文和议论文，用词比较规范、正式。
翻译内容一般不涉及较强的专业性，所选短文题材包括社会文化、经济管理、科普知识等，比较集中在经济、金融、企业管理方面的一般性综述。
（2）设题特点段落英译汉所考查句子结构的复杂程度并不稳定在一定范围内，历年考题中也常出现包含复杂从句的难句，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、被动句等。
考查要点在于准确把握词义、分析语言结构和使用汉语进行正确规范表达。
1.2英语与汉语的差异英语和汉语是有着很大差异的。
首先对这些差异有一个总体印象，在做题时就能得心应手。
差异主要表现在：1．形合与意合英语重形合，而汉语重意合。
也就是说，英语注重使用很多连词，而在汉语中，句与句之间使用连词的情况不如英语普遍。
如“早知今日，何必当初？”英语表述为“If I had known it would come to this,I would have acted differently.”2．具体与抽象英语中多用具体的词语，少用一些抽象的概念，而汉语中使用抽象的概念较多。
如“吃一堑，长一智”的英文表述是“A fall in the pit,a gain in the wit.”3．汉语与英语的词序与语序，结构都存在很大差异英语多用被动语态，汉语多用主动语态。
在英译汉时，最好变英语中的被动表达方式为汉语表达中的主动形式，这样才符合汉语的语言习惯。
◆经济类Practice 6The US airline industry is facing a new threat to its profits — heavier passengers, a report has found.According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the average US adult put on ten pounds (4.5 kgs) of weight during the 1990s.Shifting the extra bulk cost airlines an additional $275m in fuel costs in 2000, the report says.Earnings at airlines have already been under pressure amid waning demand and a record surge in the price of crude oil.In the US, a number of carriers have gone bust while others are struggling to survive in an ever more competitive market place.While it is relatively easy to check the weight of a traveller's luggage and charge those that bust limits, it is much harder to regulate a person's waistline.Some firms have toyed with the idea of charging obese travellers for two seats, but it is not a practice that has taken off industry-wide.Last year, the Federal Aviation Administration increased by ten pounds the average passenger weight they use to calculate aircraft loads.Since then crude oil prices have hit record levels, with many firms respondingby raising the fuel surcharge they add to ticket prices.The rising level of obesity in the US and in Europe has prompted government health campaigns and harsh criticism of a number of food firms.Restaurant chain McDonald's has taken the brunt of the attack and has in recent months reworked its menu to include healthier options. The move has helped lift profits.The prediction by experts, however, is that humans are set to become bigger, putting increasing pressure on airline profit.【参考译文】有报告显示，目前乘客体重不断增加使美国航空业的利润空间面临新的威胁。
◆政治经济类Practice520世纪80年代以来，中国成为世界上经济增长速度最快的国家。
中国正成为世界经济发展的一大引擎。
经济实力的增强使中国在世界舞台上扮演着日益重要的角色。
l997—1998年亚洲金融危机期间，中国为亚太地区国家提供了力所能及的帮助，获得了整个国际社会的赞赏。
此外，中国加入了世界贸易组织等许多国际组织。
中国还积极倡导建立地区组织。
在改革开放的进程中，中国发生着巨大的变化。
世界的发展离不开中国。
【参考译文】Since the1980s,China has grown into the fastest-growing country in the world and has become one of the engines for the world economy.The growing economic strength has helped China play a more important role in the world.During the 1997—1998Asian Financial Crisis,China provided as much help as it could to those countries affected in the region,which was well recognized by the whole international society.Furthermore,China has become a member of the WTO and many other international organizations.Besides,China advocates actively the establishment of regional organizations.In the course of its reform and opening-up, China has been experiencing dramatic changes.The world today cannot develop without China.Practice620世纪90年代出现了经济全球化的趋势。
第2章英汉翻译高分特训100篇2.1 政治类（Practice 1～Practice 10）Practice 1For the first time in three decades Afghanistan is holding parliamentary elections. It’s a momentous time for a country still trying to emerge from years of war. There’s been much criticism that these polls will only consolidate the power of the country’s powerful commanders, the warlords with dubious histories. But Lys e Doucet, who’s been covering Afghanistan since the late nineteen eighties, has discovered that in a nation where a new political culture is only slowly taking shape, the very existence of an election process has brought new energy to a lung-stagnant political life:Now there is a veritable forest of signs at every square and roundabout in Kabul and other cities, billboards selling luxury watches, promoting national unity the new Afghan army. But, for the past month billboard, walls and fences across this land have been telling another story. Everywhere you look there are the faces of election candidates, middle aged men in suits and ties, men with turbans and long thick beards as dark as the night or as white as the first Afghan snow, hardly anyone is smiling. Tradition says photography is serious business. Even wedding photographs here barely coax a smile.And in a country where only 4 years ago, women were largely confined to theirhomes under an oppressive Taliban rule, there are their faces too: candidates like young Sabrina with a fetching canary yellow headscarf, Shukda with finely penciled eyebrow, gazing into the distance, cradling a pen in her hand. The faces are plastered everywhere, on every available bit of space, sometimes on top of each other. I t’s led to Afghan cartoonists sketching someone’s face on top of someone else’s legs.参考译文阿富汗即将举行300年来的首次议会选举。
◆文学类Practice 89雨前最后的鸽群带着低弱的笛声在微风里划一个圈子后，也消失了。
也许是误认为这灰暗的凄冷的天空为夜色的来袭，或是也预感到风雨的将至，遂过早地飞回它们温暖的木舍。
几天的阳光在柳条上撒下一抹嫩绿，被尘土埋掩得有憔悴色了，是需要一次洗涤。
还有干裂的大地和树根也早已期待着雨。
雨却迟疑着。
我情想着故乡的雷声和雨声。
那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷反响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。
细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。
这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了。
我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量，一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的归里，如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点，久不落下。
白色的鸭也似有一点烦躁了，有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声。
有的还未厌倦那船一样的徐徐的划行。
有的却倒插它们的长颈在水里，红色的蹼趾伸在尾后，不停地扑击着水以支持身体的平衡。
不知是在寻找沟底的细微食物，还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。
有几个已上岸了。
在柳树下来回地作绅士的散步，舒息划行的疲劳。
然后参差地站着，用嘴细细地抚理它们遍体白色的羽毛，间或又摇动身子或扑展阔翅，使那缀在羽毛间的水珠坠落。
一个已修饰完毕的，弯曲它的颈到背上，长长的红嘴藏没在翅膀里，静静合上它白色的茸毛间的小黑眼，仿佛准备睡眠。
可怜的小动物，你就是这样做你的梦吗？我想起故乡的放雏鸭的人了。
一大群鹅黄色的雏鸭游牧在溪流间。
清浅的水，两岸青青的草，一根长长的竹竿在牧人的手里。
他的小队伍是多么欢欣地发出啾啁声，又多么驯服地随着他的竿头越过一个田野又一个山坡！夜来了，帐幕似的竹篷撑在地上，就是他的家。
但这是怎样辽远的想象啊！在这多尘土的国度里，我仅只希望听见一点树叶上的雨声。
一点雨声的幽凉滴到憔悴的梦，也许会长成一树圆圆的绿阴来覆荫我自己。
我仰起头。
天空低垂如灰色雾幕，落下一些寒冷的碎屑到我脸上。
一只远来的鹰隼仿佛带着愤怒，对这沉重的天色的愤怒，平张的双翅不动地从天空斜插下，几乎触到河沟对岸的土阜，而又鼓扑着双翅，作出猛烈的声响腾上了。
◆政治经济类
Practice 5
20世纪80年代以来，中国成为世界上经济增长速度最快的国家。
中国正成为世界经济发展的一大引擎。
经济实力的增强使中国在世界舞台上扮演着日益重要的角色。
l997—1998年亚洲金融危机期间，中国为亚太地区国家提供了力所能及的帮助，获得了整个国际社会的赞赏。
此外，中国加入了世界贸易组织等许多国际组织。
中国还积极倡导建立地区组织。
在改革开放的进程中，中国发生着巨大的变化。
世界的发展离不开中国。
【参考译文】
Since the 1980s, China has grown into the fastest-growing country in the world and has become one of the engines for the world economy. The growing economic strength has helped China play a more important role in the world. During the 1997—1998 Asian Financial Crisis, China provided as much help as it could to those countries affected in the region, which was well recognized by the whole international society. Furthermore, China has become a member of the WTO and many other international organizations. Besides, China advocates actively the establishment of regional organizations. In the course of its reform and opening-up, China has been experiencing dramatic changes. The world today cannot develop without China.
Practice 6
20世纪90年代出现了经济全球化的趋势。
随着这种趋势的发展，区域经济一体化也在迅速发展。
80％的自由贸易区是在过去十年出现的，并将在未来十年迅速发展。
世界主要经济大国都会积极参与区域经济合作。
近年来，在区域经济一体化的进程中，中国逐渐活跃起来。
在促进全球化发展的同时，中国越来越重视区域经济合作。
最近，中国和东南亚国家联盟(the Association of South East Asian Nations)正在积极推进自由贸易区的建设。
【参考译文】
Economic globalization started in the 1990s. As the trend continues, rapid progress has been achieved in regional economic integration. For example, 80% of the free trade areas have been built in the past decade and rapid development is expected to follow in the next decade. Major economic powers worldwide take an active part in regional economic cooperation. In recent years, China has become increasingly active in the process of regional economic integration. While promoting globalization, China is putting more emphasis on regional economic cooperation. Lately, China and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) are actively pushing forward the building of a free trade area.
Practice 7
中国主张，各国在追求发展的进程中应努力实现互利共赢，鼓励彼此开放而不是相互封闭，公平竞争而不是损人利己(undercut the partners)，优势互补而不是以邻为壑。
国际社会应加强协调，推动经济全球化朝着有利于共同繁荣的方向发展。
中国主张，各国在安全上应相互信任，通过互利合作维护地区和国际安全。
坚持以协商化解矛盾，以合作谋求稳定。
中国认为，各国要在平等的基础上，在“文明对话”( “inter-civilization dialogue”)
中相互借鉴、取长补短，共同构建和谐的世界。
【参考译文】
China believes that all countries should aim to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results in their pursuit of development. They are encouraged to be open rather then closed to each other, to compete fairly rather than undercut the partners, and to complement each other with respective strength rather than shift one’s trouble onto others. The international community should step up coordination to move economic globalization in a direction that favors common prosperity. China stands for mutual trust among countries on the issue of security and their mutually beneficial cooperation in maintaining regional and international security, committing itself to settling disputes through negotiation and securing stability through cooperation China also holds that all countries should draw upon each other’s strength in the “inter-civilization dialogue”and build a harmonious world together on the basis of equality.
Practice 8
中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路。
这是中国政府和人民做出的战略抉择。
这个战略抉择，立足中国国情，顺应时代潮流，体现了中国对内政策与对外政策的统一、中国人民根本利益与世界人民共同利益的统一，是实现中华民族伟大复兴(rejuvenation)的必经之路。
中国尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利，不干涉别国内部事务，不把自己的意志强加于人，致力于和平解决国际争端，奉行防御性国防政策，永远不称霸（seek hegemony），永远不搞扩张。
【参考译文】
China will firmly keep to the path of peaceful development, a strategic decision made by the Chinese Government and people. This decision is based on China’s realities and in keeping with the trend of our times. It demonstrates that China’s foreign policy and domestic policy are consistent with each other and that the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the world’s people are in harmony. Peaceful development is the only way leading to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. China respects the right of other peoples to independently choose their development path. It does not interfere in other countries’internal affairs, nor does it try to impose its own will on others. China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and follows a defense policy that is defensive in nature. China will never seek hegemony or expansion.。
