完整word版,201512月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案及解析

2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A. Prepare for his exams.B. Catch up on his work.C. Attend the concert.D. Go on a vacation.2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.D. None of the passengers were injured or killed.3. A. An article about the election.B. A tedious job to be done.C. An election campaign.D. A fascinating topic.4. A. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.B. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.C. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.D. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.5. A. He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.B. He is going to take on a new job next week.C. He has many things to deal with right now.D. He behaves in a way nobody understands.6. A. A large number of students refused to vote last night.B. At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.C. Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.D. More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7. A. The woman can hardly tell what she likes.B. The speakers like watching TV very much.C. The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV.D. The man seldom watched TV before retirement.8. A. The woman should have registered earlier.B. He will help the woman solve the problem.C ) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.D. The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. Persuade the man to join her company.B. Employ the most up-to-date technology.C. Export bikes to foreign markets.D. Expand their domestic business.10. A. The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.B. The government has control over bicycle imports.C. They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.D. They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.11. A. Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.B. More workers will be needed to do packaging.C. They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.D. It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.12. A. Report to the management.B. Attract foreign investments.C. Conduct a feasibility studyD. Consult financial experts.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A. Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.B. Anything that can be used to produce power.C. Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.D. Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.14. A. Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.B. Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.C. Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.D. Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.15. A. Minimize the use of fossil fuels.B. Start developing alternative fuels.C. Find the real cause for global warming.D. Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C. and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 71 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. The ability to predict fashion trends.B. A refined taste for artistic works.C. Years of practical experience.D. Strict professional training.17. A. Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.B. Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.C. Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.D. Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.18. A. She has access to fashionable things.B. She is doing what she enjoys doing.C. She can enjoy life on a modest salary.D. She is free to do whatever she wants.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. Join in neighborhood patrols.B. Get involved in his community.C. voice his complaints to the city council.D. Make suggestions to the local authorities.20. A. Deterioration in the quality of life.B. Increase of police patrols at night.C. Renovation of the vacant buildings.D. Violation of community regulations.21. A. They may take a long time to solve.B. They need assistance from the city.C. They have to be dealt with one by one.D. They are too big for individual efforts.22. A. He had got some groceries at a big discount.B. He had read a funny poster near his seat.C. He had done a small deed of kindness.D. He had caught the bus just in time.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. Childhood and healthy growth.B. Pressure and heart disease.C. Family life and health.D. Stress and depression.24. A. It experienced a series of misfortunes.B. It was in the process of reorganization.C. His mother died of a sudden heart attack.D. His wife left him because of his bad temper.25. A. They would give him a triple bypass surgery.B. They could remove the block in his artery.C. They could do nothing to help him.D. They would try hard to save his life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When thepassage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers（26）stuff "education."But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not （27 ）the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the 28 of what is in the mind."The most important part of education," once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the （29） Harvard philosopher, "is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him. And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me." He said, rather, "Look into your own selvers and find the （30） of truth that God has put into every heart, and that only you can kindle (点燃) to a（ 31）." In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of （32）, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really "knows" geometry--because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.So many of the discussions and （33） about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they（34） what should "go into" the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, "I spend so much time studying that I don't have a chance to learn anything," was clearly expressing his （ 35 ） with the sausage-casing view of education.2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案Section A 参考答案1. C)【精析】行动计划题。

2015年12月19日全国大学英语六级考试已结束，下面是英语六级听力原文。

Section A1. W: Wow, what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu, could you recommend something specialM: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressing with fresh berries.Q: what does the man mean2. W: I was talking to Mary the other day, and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business paced up much faster than we anticipated. We now have over 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation3. W: Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paperM: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That’s where we keep all of our office supplies.Q: what does the woman mean4.W: The printing of this dictionary is so small. I can’t read the explanations at all.M: Let me get my magnify glass. I know I just can’t do without it.Q: What does the man mean5. W: I’m considering having my office redecorated, the furniture is old and the paint is chipping.M: I’ll give you my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated from an interior designing academy, and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering6. W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But we can’t get a container ship anyway.M: That’s always being a problem in this port. The facilities here are never able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about7. W: Why didn’t Rod get a pay raiseM: The boss just isn’t convinced that his work attitude wa rranted it. She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about8. W: The hotel called, saying that because of the scheduling there, they won’t be are able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the high street that offers a special diner for groups. The food is excellent, and the room is large enough to accommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they doSection BConversation OneM: Hello Jane.W: Hello Paul.M: Please coming. I’m just getting ready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I’m terribly sorry to drop in this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important.M: That’s OK. What’s the problemW: Well, Paul, I won’t keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. You see there is being a sharp increase in Indian’s balance of payment deficit.M: I see. How s erious, isn’t itW: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that’s going to affect us, as if we didn’t have enough problems on our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contract.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that mean exactlyW: Well, it means that JO notes enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how will that benefit usW: Well, JO notes wouldn’t lose out if Indian Rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, JaneW: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.M: Well, I don’t suppose there is much choice. All right Jane, let’s put it into action.Q9: What do we learn about the man’s daily lifeQ10: Why did the woman come to see the manQ11: What makes the woman worry about the Indian RupeeConversation TwoW: Charles, among other things, you regarded as one of the America’s great masters of the blues. A musical idiom does essentially about loss,particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic ex pectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn’t turn out to be who they thought he or she was, they start thinking maybe I can change him or her.That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to be pretty much w hat they are. It’s a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to you about life on the roadM: Music, I don’t especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you’ve got the ultimate of life.W: What’s the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musicianM: People think it’s all glamour. Actually we have the same troubles they do. Playing music doesn’t mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you goM: You think I be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating.You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on side and know all your music. I’m still amazed by the love people express for me and by music.Q12: What does the man say about most people when they get into love affairsQ13: What does the man say about himself as a singer on the road most of his lifeQ14: What do most people think of the life of a famous musicianQ15: How does the man feel whenever he was recognized by his fans短文Passage OneChanging technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations.Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist to be experienced employees from hierarchical organizations, who have been condition to traditional organizational culture. Cooperation may not occur naturally, it mainly to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization,all society that it supposes it serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group’s performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed.He believes the team corporationresults when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together,the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations.They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.Q 16: What should team members do to fully realize their potential Q 17: What needs to be considered for effective team management Q 18: What conclusion can we draw from what Casey saysPassage TwoIn early 1994, when Mark Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developeda program, which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993. And by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started to have meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley’s most famous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest three million dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteen million from venture capitalists, who were always keen to listen to Clark’s new ideas.Q 19 What do we learn about MosaicQ 20 What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon ValleyQ 21Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investmentPassage ThreeAdvertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone,which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves.They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfy company to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire their own advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency and agreed budget. A statement of the objective of the advertising campaign know as brief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media prime, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials thatpretested in newspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Before a final choices was made prior to a national campaign.Q22 What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speakerQ23 What does the speaker say is the proposes of many organization using prestige advertisingQ24 How did large companies generally handle their advertisingQ25 What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaignSection CExtinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an eternal concept. It is not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is simply diminishing numbers.Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that only affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is, rather, an absolute and final act which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct, it’s gone forever. However many generations succeed us in coming centuries, none of themwill ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only us we bring about extinction of life on a vast scale. We are also making the land and the air and sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.As regard natural resources ,not only are the none renewable resources being used up in a of frenzy of processing, consuming and disposing but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources. Such as the very solid self on which terrestrial life depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs. Perhaps the greatest, since we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural modification. But it change the geological and biological as well as psychological order of magnitude.。

2015.12六级真题第⼀套超详解2015年12⽉六级真题（第⼀套）Part I writing30minutesFor this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.*Facebook is the name of a social networking website.参考范⽂：The Impact of Social Networking Websites on ReadingAs we can see from the picture,a man is chatting with a woman in a cafeteria,and he tells her that he likes reading and spends much time reading through Facebook.As a matter of fact,a growing number of people choose to read through network nowadays.The impact of social networking websites on reading has penetrated into all aspects of life.On the one hand,people can read anywhere and anytime,since everyone carry a smart phone.They may make use of any spare time to read,such as when they are waiting for a bus,taking a subway or even having a snack.On the other hand,people are able to subscribe whatever columns they are interested in,and absorb as much information and knowledge as they want in their spare time.In short,reading through social networking websites bring great convenience and relaxation to people nowadays.However,we should not replace traditional reading with mobile reading,for traditional reading still plays a significant role in our life.【⾼频词】cafeteria n.⾃助餐厅；⾃助⾷堂penetrate v.（into）渗透到Subscribe v.订阅，订购（报刊等）column n.（报刊的）专栏，栏⽬听⼒短对话听⼒原⽂Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be askedabout what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.1.W:I’m so frustrated with this new computer program.I just can’t figure it out.M:I know what you mean.It can be overwhelming,especially since the technology is always changing.By the time you learn one program,it’s outdated.Q:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?2.W:Don’t you wish you were going away for the holiday?M:No,I’m happy to stay at home.It’s pretty irritating having to fight all that holiday traffic just to get out of the town for a couple of days. Q:What does the man mean?3.W:We’re new in East Asia,so we have to be careful in choosing the location for our regional office.M:Well,Tokyo and Singapore are both attractive,but the living expenses there are incredibly high.Q:What are the speakers discussing?4.W:Excuse me,did anybody see my cell phone after the last show?It may have slipped out of my pocket during the performance.M:In fact,we found several.Please go check at the ticket counter.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?5.W:Will you be able to complete the project on time?M:Well,I’m having my carpenters work full time,but some of the important building materials are being delayed at customs. Q:What do we learn from the conversation? 6.W:I wish I hadn’t hurt Jane’s feelings like that.You know I never meant to.M:One thing I like about Jane is she doesn’t harbour resentment.I guess she has forgotten all about it by tomorrow. Q:What does the man say about Jane?7.M:The next place I’ll show you is going for a great price.The owner's moving to a foreign country,so they have to sell it immediately.W:It’s beautiful.I like this small apartment attached to the back,we could rent it out to help with our mortgage payments.Q:What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?8.W:Did you read the Morning News?They did a story on our electioncampaign.M:Sure,I guess it’ll spark some interest among the womenin town.Without their votes we won’t be able to win the election.Q:What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?1.A)She is amazed at the fast change of technology.B)She is unable to use the new computer program.C)She is unaware her operation system is outdated.D)She is impatient to learn computer programming.正确答案：B本题解析：⼥⼠说她对这款新的电脑程序感到很沮丧，弄不明⽩。

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A leader‐like man stands there, complaining: “We have lots of information technology. We just don’t have much useful information.”（点明寓意）Simple as the picture is, the message it conveys is profound. Evidently it is meant to reveal the fact that there is too much junk information online. （举例论证）Taking a look around, we can also find examples too many to enumerate. The best illustration that I can recall here and now is the fact that whenever you search for the cure for a disease or a scenic spot to visit, you are flooded by advertisements, many of which are even cheating. （分析影响）Actually, the problem has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s life and hindered the development of society.（提出建议）Of course, we should not give up eating for fear of being choked. Admittedly, information technology has greatly facilitated our life and work. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize its advantages and eliminate its unhealthy influence. For one thing, it is imperative that pertinent laws and regulations be worked out and rigidly enforced to punish those spreading cheating ads online. For another, the searching engine websites should make a point of reducing junk information. Only with these measures taken can we expect the solution of the problem. 【范文三】As is vividly shown above, some people are talking in an office, but from their look, we can tell they seem to face some difficulties, one of whom says they have lots of information technology, but they just don’t have much useful information. By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper message that even though the technology is quite advanced, we still face a problem that we still cannot find the information useful to us.Nowadays, it should come as no surprise to learn that we live in a world flooded with too much information due to the advancement of information technology, and when we try to find the material that we need, it may take some time or we even can’t obtain it. Apparently enough, it is of vital significance for people to comprehend the difficulties brought forth by the technology. Let us take computers as an example. When we look for something online, a large quantity of irrelevant and useless information shows up at the same time, which not only distracts our attention but also causes a waste of time. What’s more, those useless information may slow down our work efficiency.From what has been discussed above, we could safely come to the conclusion that due attention should be paid to this phenomenon. It is essential that laws and regulations should be worked out and enforced to ban unqualified and useless information. Only in this way can technology can serve people better and improve people’s work and life efficiency.（二）Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【范door that with prob socie aspe corp neve espe regu our c 【范brou imm tran take equa a fak and 范文一】The cartoonr, makes a cu the husband h so much m blem that it i ety.Harmful are ects. For one poration's stra er be ignore ecially adoles From my pe ulations to be country bene 范文二】Though it isught to us is measurable h smitted mad e effect in the First and fo ally well learn ke medicine turn to then,vividand e p of coffee fo d, working in misleading inf s rather hard e the impact e thing, by n ategy of dev ed. 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Then, they begin to believe and do what they are told to, rather than what they thought is correct.To tackle the power of misleading information, people cannot rely on anybody else but themselves. To think twice before believing is the best way.（三）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.“I love reading. I read about 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebook is the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。

1.W: Wow, what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu, could you recommend something special?M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressing with fresh berries.Q: what does the man mean?2.W: I was talking to Mary the other day, and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business paced up much faster than we anticipated. We now have over 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?3.W: Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paper?M: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That’s where we keep all of our office supplies.Q: what does the woman mean?4.W: The printing of this d ictionary is so small. I can’t read the explanations at all.M: Let me get my magnify glass. I know I just can’t do without it.Q: What does the man mean?5.W: I’m considering having my office redecorated, the furniture is old and the paint is chipping.M: I’ll give you my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated from an interior designing academy, and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering?6.W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But we can’t get a container ship anyway.M: That’s always being a problem in this port. The facilities here are never able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7.W: Why didn’t Rod get a pay raise?M: The boss just isn’t convinced that his work attitude warranted it. She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about?8.W: The hotel called, saying that because of the scheduling there, they won’t be are able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the high street that offers a special diner for groups. The food is excellent, and the room is large enough to accommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they do?长对话Conversation 1M: Hello Jane.W: Hello Paul.M: Please coming. I’m just getting ready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I’m terribly sorry to drop in this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important.M: That’s OK. What’s the problem?W: Well, Paul, I won’t keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. You see there is being a sharp increase in Indian’s balanc e of payment deficit.M: I see. How serious, isn’t it?W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that’s going to affect us, as if we didn’t have enough problems on our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contract.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that mean exactly?W: Well, it means that JO notes enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how will that benefit us?W: Well, JO notes wouldn’t lose out if Indian Rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, Jane?W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.M: Well, I don’t suppose there is much choice. All right Jane, let’s put it into action.Q9: What do we learn about the man’s daily life?Q10: Why did the woman come to see the man?Q11: What makes the woman worry about the Indian Rupee?Conversation 2W: Charles, among other things, you regarded as one of the America’s great masters of the blues. A musical idiom does essentially about loss, particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic expectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn’t turn out to be who they thought he or she was, they start thinking maybe I can change him or her. That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to be pretty much what they are. It’s a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to you about life on the road?M: Music, I don’t especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you’ve got the ultimate of life.W: What’s the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musician?M: Pe ople think it’s all glamour. Actually we have the same troubles they do. Playing music doesn’t mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?M: You think I be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating. You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on side and know all your music. I’m still amazed by the love people express for me and by music.Q12: What does the man say about most people when they get into love affairs?Q13: What does the man say about himself as a singer on the road most of his life?Q14: What do most people think of the life of a famous musician?Q15: How does the man feel whenever he was recognized by his fans?短文Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist to be experienced employees from hierarchicalorganizations, who have been condition to traditional organizational culture. Cooperation may not occur naturally, it mainly to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization, all society that it supposes it serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group’s performance. C asey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes the team corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations. They sh ould also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.Q 16: What should team members do to fully realize their potential?Q 17: What needs to be considered for effective team management?Q 18: What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?Passage 2In early 1994, when Mark Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developed a program, which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnight success. It wasput on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993. And by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started to have meetings with a m an called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley’s most famous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest three million dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteen million from venture capitalists, who were always keen to listen to Clark’s new ideas.Q 19 What do we learn about Mosaic?Q 20 What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?Q 21Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?Passage 3Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone, which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves. They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have moreresources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfy company to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire their own advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency and agreed budget. A statement of the objective of the advertising campaign know as brief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media prime, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions. Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that pretested in newspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Before a final choices was made prior to a national campaign.Q22 What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?Q23 What does the speaker say is the proposes of many organization using prestige advertising ?Q24 How did large companies generally handle their advertising?Q25 What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?听写题Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an eternal concept. It is not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is simply diminishing numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that only affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is, rather, an absolute and final act which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct, it’s gone forever. However many generations succeed usin coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only us we bring about extinction of life on a vast scale. We are also making the land and the air and sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed. As regard natural resources ,not only are the none renewable resources being used up in a of frenzy of processing, consuming and disposing but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources. Such as the very solid self on which terrestrial life depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs. Perhaps the greatest, since we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural modification. But it change the geological and biological as well as psychological order of magnitude.答案：1. BA) the woman should mix the ingredients thoroughlyB) the dressing makes the mixed salad very invitingC) the restaurant is known for its food varietiesD) the restaurant offers some special cash today2. DA) he took over the firm from MaryB) he is opening a new consulting firmC) he failed to foresee major problemsD) he is running a successful business3. BA) the printer in the office has run out of paperB) the man may find the supplies in the cabinetC) the man can leave the discs in the office cabinetD) someone should be put in charge of office supplies4. DA) the woman can use his glasses to readB) he has the dictionary the woman wantsC) the dictionary is not of much help to himD) he has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly5. CA) seeking professional adviceB) adding some office furnitureC) redecorating her officeD)majoring in interior design6. AA) shortage of container shipsB) improvement of port facilitiesC) delayed shipment of goodsD) problems in port management7. AA) a colleagueB) their bossC) their workloadD) a coffee machine8.CA) call the hotel manager for helpB) get an expert to correct the errorC) hold the banquet at a different placeD) postpone the event until a later date9. DA) he cooks dinner for the family occasionallyB) he dines out from time to time with friendsC) he shares some of the household dutiesD) he often goes back home late for dinner10. DA) to take him to dinnerB) to discuss an urgent problemC) to talk about a budget planD) to pass on an important message11. CA) foreign investors are losing confidence in India’s economyB) Many multinational enterprises are withdraw from IndiaC) there is a sharp increase in India’s balance of payment deficitD) there are wild fluctuations in the international money market12. DA) they try to adapt to their changing rolesB) they form a more realistic picture of lifeC) they may not be prepared for a lifelong relationshipD) they have unrealistic expectations about the other half13. AA) he is lucky to be able to do what he lovesB) he is able to meet many interesting peopleC) he is able to forget all the trouble in his lifeD) he is lucky to have visited many exotic people14. CA) it is stressfulB) it is full of funC) it is all glamourD) it is challenging15. DA) amazedB) botheredC) puzzledD) excited16. CA) Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organizationB) Follow closely the fast development of technologyC) Learn new ways of relating and working togetherD) Maintain the traditional organizational culture17.CA) How the team is built to keep improving its performanceB) What type of personnel the team should be composed of.C) How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serveD) What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. DA) A team manager must set very clear and high objectivesB) Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C) Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D) A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.19.AA) It is allowing people to share information on the WebB) It started off as a successful program but was unable to last longC) It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchangetext.D) It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of111linois20.BA) He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B) He met with an entrepreneur named Jim ClarkC) He invested in a leading computer business.D) He sold a program developed by his friends.21.BA) They trusted his computer expertise.B) They had confidence in his new ideas.C) They were very keen on new technology.D) They believed in his business connections.22 AA) word-of-mouth advertisingB) Distributing free trial products.C) Prestige advertising.D) Institutional advertising23 DA) To sell a particular product.B) To attract high-end customersC) To promote a specific service.D) To build up their reputation.24 DA) By creating their own ads and commercials.B) By buying media space in leading newspapers.C) By hiring their own professional advertising staff.D)By using the services of large advertising agencies.25CA) Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needsB) specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.C) pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.D) Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.Extinction is adifficult concept to grasp. It is an 26 _eterna l____concept. It’s not at all like the killing of individuals lifeforms that can berenewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27 _diminishing____ numbers. Nor is itdamage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found.Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedies by somesupernatural power. IT is rather an 28 __absolute____ and final act for whichthere is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is goneforever. However many generations 29___succeed__ us in coming centuries, none of them willever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bring aboutthe extinction of life 30 _on a vastscale___, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic thatthe very conditions of life are being destroyed. 31__As regards___ basic natural resources, not only are thenonrenewable resources being 32_used up____in a frenzy(疯狂) of processing, consuming ,and 33_disposing____, but we arealso ruining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself onwhich terrestrial(地球上的) life depends.The change that is takingplace on earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to takeplace in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking aboutis not simply another historical change or cultural 34__modification______, but a change of geological and biological aswell as psychological order of 35__magnitude___。

12月英语六级听力真题及答案(2)2015年12月英语六级听力真题及答案短文Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management。

Inflation，resource scarcity，reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations。

Team management provides for this coordination。

Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized。

Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people， they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems。

When teams consist to be experienced employees from hierarchical organizations，who have been condition to traditional organizational culture。

Cooperation may not occur naturally， it mainly to be created。

Furthermore， the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively， but how it integrates with the overall organization，all society that it supposes it serves。

2015年12月六级答案汇总写作Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on thepicture below. You should focus on theimpact of social networking websites on reading.“I love reading. I read about 3 hoursaday.My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebookis the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。

Impact的含义：影响。

第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络阅读的趋势和现象第二段: 分析网络读书的原因. ( 或阐述不同的人的不同观点)在这一段，既可以把网络阅读的影响力归结为利大于弊，也可以归结为弊大于利，自圆其说即可。

第三段:双面总结，得出结论.Thepicture describes a conversation between two people, one of them said: “I readabout 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.” The picture intends toinform us that the Internet has exerted an important influence on reading forthe modern citizens.The phenomenon involves many factors, which canbe listed as the follows. To begin with, with the rapid development ofscientific technology, The Internet has become indispensable in our daily life.Undoubtedly, it provides people with many advantages and makes our life morecomfortable and efficient, including the way ofreading. What’s more, it is a moreadvanced way to get information needed by people, and an efficient way to searchfor materials. “I have hardly ever bought any books since 2003. I have beenreading online in recent years.” said professor Wang from Peking University.“With the click of the mouse, any stories or information that I want at anygiven time or place, is there.” she said. This may well explain why so manypeople now prefer to embrace the wonders of the Internet than read print copiesof book or any other reading material.Every coin hastwo sides, reading in social networking websites is no exception. Admittedly,there is false and useless information on the social networking websites, it isadvisable that we read more critically and carefully.六级作文信息技术版参考范文For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture be low. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络信息对我们生活的影响.第二段: 阐述网络信息技术找寻信息的弊端.第三段: 得出结论.The picture describes a conversation among several people, one of them complains: “we havelots of information technology; we just don’t have much useful information.” Itis safe to figure out that our lives are full of information technology, but weare supposed to have the ability to distinguish the useful ones from theuseless ones.The human beings are stepping into theinformation society. The information industry develops very rapidly, so doestheinformation technology. Information technology brought us many benefits, as well as theunexpected side effects. First, when we search for information on the Internet,it comes out that the useful information and useless ones appear together. Italways takes us long time to separate them. What makes things worse is thatsome information on the Internet even misleads the people who cherish the hopeof acquiring the useful knowledge from theInternet. Thus,information technology becomes an impending important issue.Through the above analysis on information technology,I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative ones though thetechnology does bring us some unwanted information. As college students, weshould enhance the awareness of recognizing the useful information when we are surfingthe net.第三版第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调误导信息的存在对我们的影响.第二段: 误导性信息对我们的影响的阐述. (可以结合具体的例子.)第三段: 提出方法解决这一问题It can be clearly seen that the coupleare discussing the information on the Internet, one of them said: “I just feelunfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information.” Thec onversation of the cartoon picture conveys the message that people attained informationfrom the Internet, some of which might be misleading.Along with the development of societyand technology, an increasing numberof problems are brought to our attention, one ofwhich is that misleading information exists on the Internet. Here is an exampleI got from my friend, which works well in the case. She expected to discover acure from the Internet when her mother got a certain disease. Unfortunately,that so called “cure” from the Wechat moments did not work at all and hermother’s healthy condition got worse. Such misleading information often wastepeople’s time and may result in even severe consequences.In view of the problem, effectivemeasures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that we realized theimportance of ability to separate the useful information from the misleadingones. Thus, critical thinking is of great importance. For another, thegovernment should issue strict laws and regulations to put the situation undercontrol.六级翻译（贫困版）在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/englishlistening/CET6/zhenti/2016-05-28/427638.htmlSection ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.B. The woman can use his glasses to read.C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.5.A. Redecorating her office.B. Majoring in interior design.C. Seeking professional advice.D. Adding some office furniture.6.A. Problems in port management.B. Improvement of port facilities.C. Delayed shipment of goods.D. Shortage of container ships.7.A. Their boss.B. A colleague.C. Their workload.D. A coffee machine.8.A. Call the hotel manager for help.B. Postpone the event until a later date.C. Hold the banquet at a different place.D. Get an expert to correct the error.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A. He shares some of the household duties.B. He often goes back home late for dinner.C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.D. He dines out from time to time with friends.10.A. To take him to dinner.B. To talk about a budget plan.C. To discuss an urgent problem.D. To pass on an important message.11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.C. They form a more realistic picture of life.D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.C. He is able to meet many interesting people.D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.14.A. It is stressful.B. It is full of tim.C. It is all glamour.D. It is challenging15. A. Bothered.B. Amazed.C. Puzzled.D. Excited.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.C. He sold a program developed by his friends.D. He invested in a leading computer business.21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise.C. They were very keen on new technology.D. They believed in his business connections.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A. Prestige advertising.B. Institutional advertising.C. Wordofmouth advertising.D. Distributing free trial products.23.A. To sell a particular product.B. To build up their reputation.C. To promote a specific service.D. To attract high-end consumers.24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.D. By creating their own ads and commericais.25.A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.D. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have justhoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what youhave written.Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all like the killing ofindividual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply27numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can beound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could beremedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29us incoming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, we are also making the land and theair and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.31basic naturalresources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the verysoil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever totake place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply anotherhistorical change or cultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of35Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thopassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark tho corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through tho centre. You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in thetechnology industry that leading companies eventually lose theirpositions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggesttechnology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers' preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple'siPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's marketvalue declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had ledNokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by thecompany's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of which hadmotivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia'ssense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design andprogramming talent left as well.A)assumed I) previousB. bias J) relayedC. desperateK) shiftingD. deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notablySection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus withlittle academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generationstudents, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were alsoattending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose tolive at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking afull class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly lowgraduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making itimpossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students whoenter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped tograduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typicallycarry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attendingschool, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to thisspecific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospectivecollege-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a goodnumber of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resourcesand programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tendtoward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think biggerand broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools inparticular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options yearafter year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community collegesor state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketingexecutive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income studentsand supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-incomekids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience ofsuccessfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and theircollege worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorestmatches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. Aflagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generationstudents, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, TheUniversity of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overallgraduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smallergap between the outcomes forfirst—generat.ion students and those of their peers.[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutionskeep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within fouryears (81 percent). [J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but thesereports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating itcan be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigatethis kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an annof its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to directstudents to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realisticand accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get inand enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first —generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college —access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students onHoward's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who areable to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aidpackages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story settinghim far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after awhile, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available atthe school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter beingone of the mostcommon programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to dowell,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significantsupport for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to geta college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectivenessof treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively aboutindividual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drugover another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, forexample—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to makedoctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, eventhough there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial Overseers."There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn'tbe functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He saiddoctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is bestfor you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade —offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are aboutequally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and theother close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used thecheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using itrather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Shoulddoctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and nottrying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not manyothers are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in aspeech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merelybecause it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequalityitself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increasedinequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and thegreatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also arguedthat it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档 ) in that ladderhave grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of OpportunityProject at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastlyexaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor ofeconomic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economicladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is oneof the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds thatcommunities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much morelikely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial andeconomic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of thesefactors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the followingthree seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages oftwo-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are themost likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.。

2015年12月份真题（第一套）Part I WritingDirection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eaasy based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words."We have lots of information technology. We just don't have much useful information."PartⅢ Reading ComprehensionSection AAs it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that_____(37)to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as_____(38)by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend, say-is ahotly_____(39)topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't_____(40), it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought_____(41)sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed_____(42)in the ability of insulin(胰岛素)to process blood sugar. That suggests that catchup sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep_____(43)causes, which is encouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn't_____(44)to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not_____(45)an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will_____(46)one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn't really replicates(复制)the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep," says Dr.Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.A.alternativelyB.catersC.chronicallyD.debatedE.deprivationF.idealG.improvementsH.necessarilyI.negotiated J.pierce K.presumption L.readyM.recommended N.surpasses O.targetSection BClimate change may be real, but it's still not easy being green.[A]The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behavior. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbour's trip to India. Ultimately, we can't be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.[B]Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.[C]This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. "When we can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms," says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organization Word Wide Fund for Nature.[D]Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. "We worry most about now because if we don't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time," says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames for Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thams were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners wound face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks-andbenefits-associated with issues that lie some way ahead.[E]Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. "One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future," he says. "This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years."[F] Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate changes, it could well be too late. And it we're not going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.[G] Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health. Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions-such as saving more in our pension plans-by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would too lazy to challenge them.[H] Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). "We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change." says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich. "It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society." In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.[I] The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by continuing us in-and measuring us against-our peer group. "Social norms are primitive and elemental," says Dr.Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. "Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together…… just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd."[J] These norms can take us beyond good intensions. Caldini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's doors. Some of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on people's bills.[L] Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for self-destructive behavior. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly(不经意地)imply that this behavior is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. "Instead of normalizing the undesirable buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent."[M] Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identify. Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action-much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at trade unionists.[N] Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychology right-in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organizing groups. "I think it's a terrific idea," she says of the campaign. "The union backing it makes members think there must be something in it." She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the future of environmental action lies. "Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change…… and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK," he says. The "Love Food, Hate Waste" campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network-the Women's Institute. Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the campaign with the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen. "It's always more of an incentive if you're doing it with other people," she says. "It motivates you more if you know that you've got to provide feedback to a group."[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across the political establishment. In the US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating $10 million a year to studying energy-related behavior. In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices. With the help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.47. When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.48. To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.49. It is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.50. Politicians are beginning to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists' help in fighting climate change.51. To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.52. In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.53. One study shows that our neighbours' actions are influential in changing our behavior.54. Despire clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will effect their own lives.55. We should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.56. Existing social networks can be more effective in creating in people's behaviour. Section CPassage OneMore than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransfgord and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that knowledge to a new situation but a quality was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for future learning." The researches asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (through the college students had better spelling skills). From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction, major scientific ideas.The researches decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans. On this task, they found large differences. College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles("How big are they" and "What do they eat"). Thecollege students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondly schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if" and "How can" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit-asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results. Specially, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.This type of learning is not confined to museums of institutional settings. Informal learning environment tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere. Our society depend on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment, says, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have a robust informal system that gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on holidays and weekends.57. What is traditional educators' interpretation of the search outcome mentioned in the first paragraphA.Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problemsB.College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing issues.cation has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.cated has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.58. In what way are college students different from childrenA.They have learned to think criticallyB.They are concerned about social issuesC.They are curious about specific features.D.They have learned to work independently59. What is benefit of asking questions with no ready answersA.It arouse students' interest in things around them.B.It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries.C.It trains students' ability to design scientific experiments.D.It helps students realize not every question has an answer。

2015年12月英语六级真题试卷一：听力短对话（网友版）Short Conversations1.W: Wow, what variety of salads you've got on your menu! Could you recommend something special?M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressing with fresh berries.Q: What does the man mean?2.W: I was talking to Mary the other day and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doingreally well.M: Yes, business picked up much faster than we anticipated. We now have over 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?3.M: Do you know where we keep flash discs and printing paper?W: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That's where we keep all of our office supplies.Q: What does the woman mean?4.W: The print in this dictionary is so small. Ican't read the explanations at all.M: Let me get my magnifying glass. I know I just can't do without it.Q: What does the man mean?5.W: I'm considering having my office redecorated. The furniture is old and the paint is chipping.M: I'll give you my sister-in-law's number. She just graduated from an interior design academy andwill give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering?6.W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But we can't get a container ship anywhere.M: That's always been a problem in this port. The facilities here are never able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7.W: Why didn't Rod get a pay raise?M: The boss just isn't convinced that his work attitude warranted. She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about?8.W: The hotel called, saying that because of ascheduling error, they won't be able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the High Street that offers a special dinner for groups. The food is excellent and the room is large enough to accommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they do?。