中国农业科学院2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(附答案解析)

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2005答案解析ⅠVocabularyPart A1.C 译文：景色太美了，超出了我的描述能力所能描述的。

解析：transport运输；transfer 转让；transcend超越，超出；transform转变。

2.A 译文：校长在演讲开始时称赞了女孩的勇敢。

解析：applaud称赞；enhance加强；elevate 提升；clap鼓掌。

3.D 译文：“黄色”的字面意思是一种颜色，但它也可以表示“怯懦地”的意思。

解析：literal meaning 字面意思。

4.C 译文：很多人认为公共意识的标准下降了。

解析：固定短语，public awareness公共意识。

Morality道德；rightness 正义；mentality心态。

5.B 译文：人们惊讶地发现他有能力控制他所参与的所有事情。

解析：precede 领先；dominate控制，支配；pervade弥漫；denominate取名，称为。

6.B 译文：他们的反应如此不同的事实反应了他们个性上的差异。

解析：performance表现；personality个性，性格；quality质量；debut初次登台。

7.C 译文：这个要可以减轻胃痛。

解析：ascertain查明，探知；agitate煽动；alleviate减轻，缓和；allocate分配。

8.B 译文：这栋公寓估价50，000美元，它的主人决定卖掉它。

解析：automate自动化；assess评定，估价；assert维护，坚持；avenge报仇。

9.A 译文：部长嘱咐所有的官员交税。

解析：bid 吩咐，嘱咐；bless 保佑；bark吠叫，咆哮；baffle使困惑。

10.B 译文：人死时，要在遗产分配前把他的债还清。

解析：paradox矛盾；legacy遗产；platitude陈腐，平凡；analogy类比。

Section B11.D 译文：游客从远方聚集而来看首都的景色。

中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷2005年3月考生须知：一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。

试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用普通答题纸。

二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，画线不得过细或过短。

修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。

若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。

请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。

三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。

时间及分值分布如下：试卷一：Ⅰ听力20分钟20分Ⅱ词汇15分钟10分Ⅲ完形填空15分钟15分Ⅳ阅读60分钟30分小计110分钟75分试卷二：Ⅴ英译汉30分钟10分Ⅵ写作40分钟15分小计70分钟25分CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch 2005PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points)Directions:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He needs more fresh air. B. He is willing to go out.C. He is too sick to go out.D. He opened the window.2. A. Their friemts. B. Daily activities.C. Past experiences.D. Historical events.3. A. To buy a ticket. B. To pay a fee.C. To pay back a debt.D. To buy a gift.4. A. Give information. B. State preferences.C. Ask permission.D. Attract attention.5. A. In a gymnasium. B. In an art exhibition.C. In a shop.D. In a hotel.6. A. 19 dollars each. B. 38 dollars each.C. 30 dollars altogether.D. 36 dollars altogether.7. A. Jack is a gentleman. B. Jack does everything right.C. Jack is a desirable husband.D. Jack behaves immaturely sometimes.8. A. It was remarkable to both the man and the woman.B. It was not suitable for the woman.C. The man hated this kind of movie.D. The woman complained about its quality.9. A. See how much the jacket is.B. See if the jacket there is blue.C. See if there is a cell phone in the jacket.D. See if there was anything turned in this morning.10. A. The man has caught a cold. B. The woman was caught in a rainstorm.C. The weather forecast was inaccurate.D. It rained very heavily.Directions:In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be a few questions. Both the talk and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Questions 11-13 are based on Talk 1.11. A. Language comes from physical labor.B. Language learning is a long-term endeavor.C. Language reflects history.D. Language study is very important.12. A. Constructing a wheel. B. Making a choice.C. Coming back.D. Turning around.13. A. The overthrow of a class. B. The overthrow of a tyrant.C. The overthrow of a belief.D. The overthrow of an act.Questions 14-17 are based on Talk 2.14. A. It‟s a wonderful idea.B. It‟s not a smart thing to do.C. It‟s too difficult to put into practice.D. It‟s interesting to the decision maker.15. A. Telling people about your degrees.B. Promising that you will make good achievements.C. Introducing your job responsibilities.D. Talking about the needs of the potential employer.16. A. The results which your potential boss wants to gain with your assistance.B. The results of making more money on an international market.C. The results that the employer has seen in the past.D. The results that your potential boss does not want to see.17. A. Proving that you are capable of doing the job.B. Seeking the position that is not too high or too low for you.C. Insisting that experience is more important than knowledge.D. Claiming that you are better than any other applicant.Questions 18-20 are based on Talk 3.18. A. They exercise dogs twice a day.B. They learn how to be responsible for dogs.C. They encourage dogs to go for long walks.D. They like dogs too much to care about other things.19. A. Working for the police.B. Relaxing with other dogs.C. Protecting businesses.D. Guiding the blind.20. A. Dogs ride in public transport.B. Dogs bite their owners when in a rage.C. Vehicles run over stray dogs.D. People always keep dogs on leads.PART ⅡVOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the of their adolescence.A. crisisB. criterionC. causalityD. credibility22. At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror curiosity.A. put up withB. lived up toC. did away withD. gave way to23. The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijing‟s budget-cutting move might its preparation for the games.A. degradeB. deliberateC. deployD. defend24. You are not allowed to take a second job your employer gives you permission.A. so long asB. otherwiseC. unlessD. whereas25. They continued to about and enjoy themselves until they became tired.A. strokeB. strollC. stammerD. string26. The survey asked 750 school children about the values and beliefs they from television.A. pick upB. take upC. put upD. make up27. I am grateful for your invitation, and I‟d like to accept your offer with pleasure.A. delightedB. innocentC. graciousD. prestigious28. I must you farewell right now, but on some future occasion, I hope to see you again.A. relayB. bidC. sendD. deliver29. Perhaps my dishes will not be as delicious as those which you are accustomed to eating, but I beg you to grant my and have dinner with me.A. resentmentB. requirementC. requestD. reservation30. That singular ach ievement was not just about Korea‟s arrival as a football force but as a self-confident mature nation to be seriously.A. copedB. shownC. establishedD. taken31. Europe as a unit did little by itself; it either sent for US help, or each European government acted on its own.A. incidentalB. apparentC. cohesiveD. descendent32. On 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him at the time and which later became material for his books.A. inadequatelyB. systematicallyC. profoundlyD. simultaneously33. Embarrassed, I nodded, trying to think of some way to my error.A. make do withB. make up forC. go in forD. go along with34. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would , for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A. prevailB. presideC. perishD. persecute35. With high hopes, the company sent samples of the substance to scientists, but theycouldn‟t any practical uses for it.A. come up withB. do justice toC. get even withD. look up to36. He signed a new contract with the Dublin firm, Maunsel & Company, on more favorable than those Grant Richards had given him.A. itemsB. termsC. articlesD. specifications37. Most scientists agree this outpouring contributes to global warming, which could eventually lead to coastal flooding, weather, and widespread crop loss.A. intensiveB. extremeC. unpleasedD. unique38. There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with contempt.A. utterB. soleC. intimateD. corresponding39. The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A. recededB. impliedC. compliedD. declined40. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers great significance.A. takes onB. works outC. brings aboutD. gives inPART ⅢCLOZE TEST (is minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose the most suitable of the words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 41 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 42 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such 43 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 44 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate ofmedical opinion is shifting in 45 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 46 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the 47 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 48 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 49 particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before 50 vigorous exercise?Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 51 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America 52 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 53 , and ECGs(心电图)are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 54 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 55 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.41. A. Then B. Though C. Since D. Even42. A. why B. how C. if D. what43. A. runners B. exercises C. patients D. cases44. A. initiation B. evidence C. incidence D. indication45. A. favor B. positive C. inclination D. bias46. A. good B. well C. much D. far47. A. weight B. amount C. degree D. quality48. A. however B. because C. but D. so49. A. at B. to C. for D. in50. A. taking up B. trying on C. getting over D. doing with51. A. beyond B. by C. with D. of52. A. anyone B. none C. some D. nobody53. A. of course B. at all C. after all D. by far54. A. readily B. suddenly C. already D. ready55. A. having B. had C. having been D. havePART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: You will read five passages in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1I myself first saw Samarkand from a rise across a wilderness of crumbling ruins and great graveyards which lie between it and the airport. Suddenly we caught a glimpse of painted towers and the great blue domes of mosques and tombs shouldering the full weight of the sky among bright green trees and gardens. Beyond the gardens and the glittering domes still were those watchful mountains and their evocative snow. I found myself thinking of the thrill I had on catching my first sight of Damascus after crossing the desert from Syria. The light, the orchards and many of the trees were the same but deeper still was the sense of coming into contact with one of the most astonishing cultures in history, the world of the one and only Allah and his prophet Muhammad. It was a world that completely overawed me.Yet the memory of Samarkand which stays with me most clearly is quite a humble one. Coming back to the city from the country on my last evening we passed some unusual elm trees and I stopped to have a look at them. They were, my guide told me, perhaps a thousand years old, older certainly than Genghis Khan. A flock of fat-tailed sheep (the same kind of sheep that my own ancestors saw a Hottentot keeping when they landed at the Cape of Good Hope 321 years ago), tended by some Tadshik children, moved slowly home in the distance. Then from the city came quite clearly the call to prayer from mosque and minaret. I had not expected any calls at all and it made no difference that some of the calls came over loud-speakers. Then beyond the trees an old manappeared on a donkey, dismounted, spread a prayer mat on the ground, and kneeling towards Mecca, he began to pray.From Samarkand I journeyed on to Bokhara which was once the holiest city in Central Asia. At one time it possessed over a hundred religious colleges and close to four hundred mosques. It drew adventurers of all races towards it as it did Marco Polo. Not many of them reached their destination. These days at what used to be one of the richest market places in the world, one buys ice-cream instead of slaves; watches and mass-produced trinkets and fizzy drinks instead of gold, silks and turquoise jewellery. Few of the four hundred mosques remain and most have vanished without even leavinga trace.56. Samarkand lies .A. in a desertB. high in the mountainsC. in front of DamascusD. between the mountains and the airport57. The author said that he was overawed by .A. the beauty of the sceneB. the sight of DamascusC. the age of the placeD. the world of Allah and Muhammad58. The author refers to his clearest memory of Samarkand as “humble” because .A. it was an ordinary scene that he rememberedB. it was his last night in the city and his last memoryC. the elm trees were older than Genghis KhanD. the trees looked impressive in the evening light59. The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to .A. the ones his ancestors had keptB. the ones that lived in his own countryC. those his ancestors had seen at the Cape of Good HopeD. those his ancestors had taken to the Cape of Good Hope60. The author was surprised to hear the calls to prayer because .A. he was far away from the city, yet he could hear them clearlyB. he did not think there would be any callsC. the calls came from the mosquesD. the calls were no different over loud-speakers61. The market has changed in character because now .A. it does sell jewelleryB. the holy men do not sell thereC. it sells goods for tourists and items of little valueD. the traders have disappeared because it is too dangerous to sell therePassage 2The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept “sense of trust” is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child‟s satisfying experiences at this early age.Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that “Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc.”Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected.It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered. In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment‟s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers‟ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children‟s needs and by their overall attitude.62. The sense of trust in an infant is under development when .A. the infant experiences some satisfactionB. adults‟ trust is adequateC. the infant learns how to moveD. the infant is surrounded by people he can recognize63. The author raises evidence of mental illness and other disorders in children .A. to introduce a discussion of the effect of institutions on childrenB. to show the effect on children of an unhappy relation with their mothers during infancyC. to warn parents of the dangers of neglecting and abusing their childrenD. to support the point that trust is an early formed and important element of a healthy personality64. Babies might mistrust the world if .A. they did not receive food when they were hungryB. they mastered their body movements too quicklyC. someone came too close to themD. they saw an object disappear65. The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs .A. before maternal affection is providedB. when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environmentC. when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordinationD. as a result of maternal separation66. A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that .A. the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climaxB. the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environmentC. the child‟s sense of trust is destroyedD. no sense of trust has ever developed67. According to this passage, the most important factor in developing a sense of trust is .A. the type of techniques used by the motherB. the sensitivity of the childC. maternal loveD. the combined effect of natural feeling and cultural attitudes68. How can mothers create a sense of trust in a child?A. By showing confidence and experience in front of the child.B. By applying techniques taught by psychologists.C. By showing the child that the mother is understanding of his/her wants.D. By offering smiles and comforts.Passage 3I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others aresatisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself.As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering—and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don‟t recommend this—and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitably—and, usually, utterly benignly—a part of our world.The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms.The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about food poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you don‟t make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don‟t worry about bacteria.Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug.In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning—and found to be essentially thesame. A ccording to Dr. Gerba‟s research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive. Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that.69. What is the main idea of this passage？A. We don‟t need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life.B. Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective.C. The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure.D. The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old.70. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .A. healthy people should live separately from unhealthy members of the familyB. a germ-free home is not only possible, but significantC. unless you live with the vulnerable, it is pointless to sterilize the airD. our immune systems are too weak to fight against the food poisoning bacteria71. In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “... manage this” means “to manage the process of .A. killing the bacteria in your bodyB. multiplying to a significantly large numberC. raising the room temperatureD. sterilizing the perishable food72. According to the author, if you want to keep healthy, you had better .A. make the room dryB. keep the food in the refrigeratorC. wash your hands as much as possibleD. clean the surfaces with anti-bacterial products73. From Paragraph 5 the author emphasizes .A. the danger of virusesB. the common existence of virus particlesC. the short life span of virusesD. the difficulty in killing viruses74. The word “bug” used in Paragraph 5 means .A. a bacteriumB. a coldC. a fluD. a virus75. According to the author, one will become obsessive-compulsive .A. if he washes his hands every time he touches a surfaceB. if he only washes his hands with soap and waterC. if he could not win over the bacteria in his homeD. if he does not fight against the bacteria at homePassage 4Until recently the halls of North High in Minneapolis were lined with vending machines where students could buy soda pop and other sugary drinks, as they can in most other high schools in the nation. But with rates of childhood obesity sky-rocketing, the Minneapolis school district worried about pushing pop. The district needed a way to keep its lucrative vending contract with Coca-Cola while steering kids toward more healthful beverages.Bryan Bass, North‟s assistant principal, took the challenge. He stocked 12 of North‟s 16 vending machines only with water, priced at 75 cents a bottle. Three machines dispensed juice and sports drinks for $1. Only one sold soft drinks, at $1.25 per can. “We located the water machines strategically outside our buildings, so when you come out of a classroom what you see is a water machine,” says Bass. “We also decided to allow water in classrooms but not juice or pop.” The result? Profits from the vending machines nearly tripled, from $ 4,500 to $11,000 in two years. They‟re now in their third year, and says Bass:“Water has become …cool.‟”North‟s suc cess demonstrates what many obesity experts and parents believe: Kids will learn to make healthful food and drink choices if they have access to them and are motivated to do so. “Price is a powerful motivator,” says Simone French of the University of Minnesota, an expert on school-based obesity prevention. She‟s impressed with North‟s efforts, but she says the problem is implementing these strategiesthroughout society. “Obesity is the biggest health issue facing kids,and we‟ve got to do more.”How to do mo re was outlined last week in the Institute of Medicine‟s 460-page action plan, mandated by Congress, on “Preventing Childhood Obesity.” Chaired by Emory University‟s Jeffrey Koplan, the plan is the first comprehensive look at childhood obesity and what government, industry, schools, communities, families, and medical professionals can do to reduce its impact. “I think this is similar in importance to the first Surgeon General‟s Report on Smoking and Health in 1964,” Koplan says. That landmark document led to the health warning on cigarette packages and a ban on cigarette advertising on TV.76. In most American high schools, selling soft drinks is .A. encouragedB. allowedC. unlawfulD. unprofitable77. Water has become “cool” in the Minneapol is school district partly because .A. water is provided freeB. most kids can afford nothing but waterC. water machines are put in noticeable positionsD. children have realized the harm of sugary drinks78. We can infer that in terms of healthful drinks for kids, Simone French and some other experts are .A. confident about children‟s choicesB. pessimistic about the futureC. puzzled about which approach to takeD. worried about how to motivate children79. By mentioning the 1964 report on smoking, Jeffrey Koplan implied that .A. more children tend to smoke today than yesterdayB. both obesity and smoking require the attention of schools and society.C. the present plan on obesity would function similarly as a landmark.D. obesity and smoking are both health problems.80. The primary purpose of this passage is to .。

2000年4月全国英语英语翻译试卷、答案1. In the years that followed, Bill learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.B.在往后的几年里，比尔就这样学着拼写，虽然不理解意思，却也学会了拼写许多单词。

2. It is undoubtedly true that poverty is still a problem in this country, as it is in many other developing and even developed economies.D.毫无疑问，这个国家同其它许多发展中国家乃至发达国家一样，仍然存在着贫困问题。

3. 破镜虽已粘补，但既不美观，又不牢固。

A. A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.4. 为了发展初等教育，根据我国宪法和实际，特制订本法律。

A. This law has been drawn up on the basis of the Constitution and the reality in our country in order to develop primary education.5. 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们确定的战略目标就不能实现。

C. We can not achieve our strategic goals unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy.6.就英汉两种语言的区别而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

C.英语定语位置较固定，汉语定语位置较灵活7.就法律英语的特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

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中国农业科学院考博英语真题2007答案解析PartⅠVocabularySection A1.C 译文：经过数百年的自我实施专制后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历史的浪潮。

解析：cooperation合作；monopoly垄断；dictatorship专政，专制；seclusion隐居。

2.C 译文：满族人已经和保证双方地位的贵族阶层形成了联盟。

贵族人与普通平民区分开来，并且他们被给予政府部门中的专有职位特权。

解析：inclusive包含的；special 专用的，专门的；exclusive独有的，专有的；especial 特别的，尤其的。

3.C 译文：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力驱动力。

照这样看，他便是一位伟大的思想传播者。

解析：encouragement 鼓舞；spur鼓舞，刺激；drive驱动，常用表达a drive to sth；driving force驱动力，推动力，常用表达driving force for sth。

4.C 译文：他们用来建立维护追随者的方法与完成这样的活动的展望也成为了现今中国政治行为的重要来源。

解析：precedents 引用单元；pioneer 先锋；source来源；resource资源。

5.B 译文：在他身上，有一个交汇点，一个斗争的典型代表，因而他是一个真正的历史人物。

解析：representation表现；representative代表，典型；symbol象征，标志；sign符合，记号。

6.B 译文：社会稳定源于各种力量的微妙平衡。

在这种连续的平衡中，可变因素已经得到了暂时的平衡。

改变一个因素便会发生一系列改变和调整。

解析：saturation饱和；continuum连续体；continuation继续；melting point熔点。

a continuum of 连续的。

7.B 译文：成功人士如何处理一种新文化取决于很多因素，如一个人的原始教育和即将修正的具体行为解析：固定搭配，be contingent on 取决于，依赖于。

经过一年的努力奋斗终于如愿以偿考到自己期望的学校，在这一年的时间内，我秉持着天将降大任于斯人也必先苦其心志劳其筋骨饿其体肤空乏其身的信念终于熬过了这段难熬却充满期待和自我怀疑的岁月。

可谓是痛并快乐着。

在这期间，我不止一次地怀疑自己有没有可能成功上岸，这样的想法，充斥在我的头脑中太多次，明知不可想这么多，但在休息时，思想放空的时候就会凭空冒出来，难以抵挡。

这对自己的心绪实在是太大的干扰，所以在此想跟大家讲，调整好心态，无论成功与否，付出自己全部的努力，到最后，总不会有那种没有努力过而与成功失之交臂的遗憾。

总之就是，付出过，就不会后悔。

在此，我终于可以将我这一年来的所有欣喜，汗水，期待，惶惑，不安全部写出来，一来是对这一重要的人生转折做一个回顾和告别，再有就是，希望我的这些经验，可以给大家以借鉴的作用。

无论是心态方面，考研选择方面，还是备考复习方面。

都希望可以跟大家做一个深入交流，否则这一年来的各种辛酸苦辣真是难吐难吞。

由于心情略微激动了些，所以开篇部分可能略显鸡汤，不过，认真负责的告诉大家，下面的内容将是满满的干货。

只是由于篇幅过长还望大家可以充满耐心的把它看完。

文章结尾会附赠我的学习资料供各位下载使用。

中国农业科学院农业管理的初试科目为：（101）思想政治理论（204）英语二（342）农业知识综合四（839）农村社会调查研究方法先说说英语复习心得词汇量曾经是我的一块心病，跟我英语水平差不多的同学，词汇量往往比我高出一大截。

从初中学英语开始就不爱背单词。

在考研阶段，词汇量的重要性胜过四六级，尤其是一些熟词僻义，往往一个单词决定你一道阅读能否做对。

所以，一旦你准备学习考研英语，词汇一定是陪伴你从头至尾的一项工作。

考研到底背多少个单词足够？按照大纲的要求，大概是5500多个。

实际上，核心单词及其熟词僻义才是考研的重点。

单词如何背？在英语复习的前期一定不要着急开始做真题，因为在单词和句子的基础非常薄弱的情况下，做真题的效果是非常差的。

病毒学试题（回忆版）一、名词解释：1. spike2. DI(defective interfering)3. Replication intermediate (RI)4. Plague（噬斑）5. PFU（噬斑形成单位）、CPE（细胞病变）、隐蔽期6、信息体（informosome）7、温度敏感性变异株连8、抗原漂移与抗原转变9 准种10、互补11、细胞原癌基因12、干扰素 13、Ribozyme14、DNA疫苗15单克隆抗体16法氏囊，网状内皮组织增殖症等（传染病英文翻译成中文）二、简答题：1、慢病毒感染的概念及原因（两个方面即病毒方面与机体方面）2、病毒载体活疫苗的概念并举例说明病毒载体构建的技术路线3、亚病毒的分类及其定义4、病毒的特性及其疫苗的研究进展（病毒学）5、病毒的吸附和侵入过程（分两步）（病毒学）6、请设计试验方案，如何证明某一种病毒的核酸具有感染性（病毒学）7、简述病毒对细胞的损害作用方式（病毒学）8、叙述新病毒出现的机制（病毒学）9、叙述反转录病毒的复制步骤（病毒学）10、有几个是写出病毒的英文名称让写出分别属哪科、哪属（不常见的几个）11、如果一牛场发生布氏杆菌，请制定免疫计划（传染病）？12、假如发生烈性传染病如何做？（传染病）三、论述题1、详细叙述禽流感病毒的基因组结构，并写出每段基因组所编码的蛋白及其每种蛋白的功能（病毒学）2、详细叙述SARS病毒与禽流感病毒在分子水平上的异同（传染病）。

2003年农科院考博题动物病毒学一、名词解释1 DI2 Antigentic drift3 感染性cDNA4 核酸疫苗5 PFU6 Ribozyme7 LTR8 温度敏感突变株9 envelope 10 准种二、简答题1 类病毒与朊病毒的区别。

2 鉴定新城疫病毒毒力的依据。

3 病毒血凝、血凝抑制作用及血吸附机理。

4 写出下列各科病毒的一种病毒Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Coronaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae5 黄病毒科有几个属，各写出一个病毒。

2004年中山大学医学院博士生入学考试－生物化学一、名词解释1、端粒酶2、嘌呤核苷酸循环3、断裂基因4、模序5、抑癌基因6、RT-PCR7、密码子摆动性8、核心酶9、解偶联机制10、顺式作用元件二、简答题1、血红蛋白氧离曲线为何呈S形？2、DNA双螺旋结构的特点？3、酶促反应的机制4、维生素B12为何能导致巨幼红细胞性贫血？5、IP3、DAG是什么？其在信号传导中的作用是什么？三、问答题1、试述蛋白质一级结构和空间结构与蛋白质功能的关系。

2、试述人类基因组计划的内容、意义，以及后基因组计划的研究方向。

3、以操纵子理论说明：细菌如何利用乳糖作为碳源？当葡萄糖与乳糖共存时，如何调节？4、1分子葡萄糖子体内完全氧化生成38个ATP：（1）各个途径以及其中的能量生成？（2）NADH进入线粒体的途径？（3）NADH的呼吸链组成？5、试述血浆脂蛋白分类及作用，载脂蛋白的含义，作用。

LDL升高、HDL降低为何导致动脉粥样硬化？2003年中山大学医学院博士生入学考试－生物化学一、选择题1、限制性内切酶识别的序列是A、粘性末端B、回文结构C、TATAATD、聚腺苷酸E、AATAA2、由氨基酸生成糖的过程称为A、糖酵解B、糖原分解作用C、糖异生作用D、糖原合成作用3、四氢叶酸不是下列哪种基团或化合物的载体？A、-CHOB、CO2C、-CH=D、-CH3E、-CH=NH ;4、细胞色素aa3的重要特点是A、可使电子直接传递给氧分子的细胞色素氧化酶B、以铁卟啉为辅基的递氢体C、是递电子的不需氧脱氢酶D、是分子中含铜的递氢体E、含有核黄素5、转氨酶的辅酶含有哪种维生素？A、Vit B1B、Vit B2C、Vit PPD、Vit B6E、Vit B126、下列哪种成分的含量高，则双螺旋DNA的溶解温度也增高？A、G+GB、C+TC、A+TD、A+GE、A+C7、胆红素在肝脏中的转变主要是A、转变成胆绿素B、受加单氧化酶体系氧化C、与葡萄糖醛酸结合D、与清蛋白结合E、直接排除8、密度最低的血浆脂蛋白是A、VLDLB、C、MDLD、HDLE、CM9、操纵子的基因表达调控系统属于A、复制水平调节B、转录水平调节C、翻译水平调节D、逆转录水平调节E、翻译后水平调节10、关于DNA复制，下列哪项叙述是错误的？A、原料是4种dNTPB、链的合成方向是C、以DNA链为模板D、复制的DNA与亲代的DNA完全相同E、复制的DNA需要剪切加工二、名词解释1、酮体2、基因3、肽链4、锌指5、核酶6、糖异生7、胆色素8、复制叉9、Km 10、一碳单位三、简答题1、什么是反式作用因子？2、简述脂蛋白的种类。

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2003答案解析Part One: Structure and Written Expression1.D 译文：医生预断她会好起来，只要她打胰岛素和注意饮食。

解析：agnosticism不可知论；anticipation预感；diagnosis 诊断；prognosis病状的预断。

2.C 译文：相关方面默然达成一致意见：拜访过他的人没有跟他讲的话以后谁也不许说出去。

解析：uncommunicatively不爱说话地；acceptably可以接受地；tacitly沉默地，默然地；taciturnly指人沉默寡言都。

3.C 译文：奉承话并非出自真诚的、深刻的仰慕，更多情况下是出自一种利己主义的期望，期望自己被某个重要的任务或名人认同。

解析：compliment称赞；adulatory奉承的；flattery奉承；praise夸奖。

4.D 译文：上班时利用足够的时间赶火车可以消除对迟到的担忧。

解析：rule off 划线隔开；prevent预防；avoid 避免；obviate消除、排除（危险、障碍、担忧等）5.A 译文：法国士兵尼古拉斯总是不停地喊叫着来表达对拿破仑的崇敬，以致他都成了所有欧洲人的笑柄。

解析：vociferously喊叫地，吵闹地；patriotically爱国地；verbosely啰嗦地；loquaciously 滔滔不绝地。

6.B 译文：患空旷恐怖症的人宁愿呆在家里，因为在空旷的公共场所或室外会使他们感觉无比痛苦。

解析：acrophobia恐高症；agoraphobia广场恐怖症；claustrophobia幽闭恐怖症xenophobia仇外。

7.C 译文：至少在一定程度上人们是群居在一起的，他们通过参加群体活动获得温暖和亲密感。

解析：segregated被隔离的；congregational公众的；gregarious 社交的，群居的；egregious 惊人的，过分的。