高中英语 Unit 4 Helping people around the WorldSecti

1 Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing

语法图解

探究发现

①If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to

do now.

②He looks as if he had seen a ghost.

③He looks as if he were an artist.

④If only the alarm clock had rung.

⑤If only I were you!

⑥I wish he had visited us last night.

⑦I would rather (that) I had not seen it.

⑧I would rather you painted the wall green next time.

⑨I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

⑩It is time that the children went/should go to bed.

[我的发现]

(1)句①中从句的谓语动词为had asked，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；主句的谓语动词为would know，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。

(2)由句②③④⑤可以看出，as if从句和if only后的句子常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，如句②④；表示对现在的虚拟用一般过去时(be动词常用were)，如句③⑤。

(3)由句⑥⑦⑧可以看出，wish和would rather后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，如句⑥⑦；would rather后接的宾语从句中若表示对将来的虚拟用一般过去 2 时，如句⑧。

(4)在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词如suggest, order,

command, require等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用(should＋)动词原形，如句⑨。

(5)由句⑩可以看出，在句型“It is time that ...”中，从句的谓语动词既可以使用一般过去时，也可以使用should＋动词原形。

一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be

better now.

如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天有空的话，我们就派他去北京了。

[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①If you

had_studied (study) hard before, you would_be

(be) a college student now.

②If I_were (be) you, I would have_taken (take) his

advice.

二、含蓄虚拟条件句

有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有：with, 3 without, but for, or else, or, otherwise等。

But for her help, they couldn't have run over the mountain

in such a short time.

要不是她的帮助，他们不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part

in the sports meeting.

我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。

He must have been there, or he never could know the place

so well.

他一定去过那儿，否则他决不会如此了解那个地方。

[名师点津] 有些句子中没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气，这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么是隐含在上下文中。

I would do anything for her.

我会为她做任何事情。(省略了if I could)

We would have given out an urgent message.

我们本来可以发布一则紧急通知的。(省略了but we were

uncertain about it)

[即时演练2] 句型转换

①What would you do if you had a million dollars?

→What would you do with a million dollars?

②We would not have finished the work on time if you had

not helped us.

→We would not have finished the work on time without

your

help. 4 ③If there were no electricity, life would be quite

different today.

→Without_electricity,_life would be quite different

today.

④If it had not been for the rain, we would have finished

the work.

→But_for_the_rain,_we would have finished the work.

三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

(一)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

1．wish后的宾语从句

时间 谓语动词的虚拟形式

对现在的虚拟 一般过去时(be用were)

对将来的虚拟 would/could＋动词原形

对过去的虚拟 过去完成时

I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the

sky.(现在)

我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。

I wish I hadn't made such a mistake.(过去)

我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。

I wish I would live up to the expectations of my parents

and teachers in the College Entrance Examinations.

我希望在高考中我不会辜负父母和老师的期望。

[即时演练3]

(1)句型转换

①If only I were a flying bird!

→How I wish I were a flying bird! 5 ②If only I had been to college!

→How I wish I_had_been_to_college!

(2)用所给动词的适当形式填空

①I wish I had_slept (sleep) longer this morning, but I

had to get up and come to class.

②I wish your company expanded (expand) the business.

2．在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。

I would rather I had attended the party yesterday.

我情愿我昨天去参加那个聚会了。

I would rather that they left next week.

我宁愿他们下周离开。

[即时演练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①I would rather they

didn't_know (not know) the news

forever.

②I would rather I had_returned (return) the book

yesterday.

3．在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。

一坚持：insist

二命令：order, command

三建议：suggest, propose, advise

四要求：request, require, demand, ask

The doctor advised that he (should) take more exercise.

医生建议他多锻炼。 6 His health required that he (should) go to bed early.

他的健康状况要求他早睡。

[名师点津] suggest表“暗示，表明”，insist表“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with

our work.

他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。

[即时演练5] 完成句子

①医生建议病人立即被送往医院。

The doctor suggested that the patient (should)_be_sent

to hospital without delay.

②天空中的乌云表明即将要下雨了。

The dark clouds in the sky suggested that it_was_going_to

rain.

③她坚持要求预订座位。

She insisted that the seats (should)_be_booked

in

advance.

④那位年轻人坚持说他从未见过那个钱包。

The young fellow insisted that he had_never_seen the

wallet.

(二)虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用

1．“It is important (necessary, strange, natural, a pity等)＋that从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原