全新版大学英语4unit2课后答案

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：李荫华上海外语教育出版社Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler'smilitary campaigns failed because of theseverity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must berekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin'sscorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow andStalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 theRussian counter-offensive and the outcome ofthe warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest ofcancer in the near future.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by thedelayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/shouldnever get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister offguard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered theslide rule out of date /obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we hadto give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the ruraland mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failureto reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In manycases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal strugglein an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won thedecisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned thetide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vastareas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but heturned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how herfragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knewanything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily getburned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with themost sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil isgetting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in hisjudgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, thevillage neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory tomake the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge III. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change5. fully developed prototype6. Cannedfoods 7. working population 8. puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities II. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound ofartillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has beencausing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in socialproblem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closelycorrelated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at thesignal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for andtherefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness --backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one ofthe worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he wasthe first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writerrecommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failedhis interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being asuccessful interviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennisplayer3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minutemile, the NewYork Marathonand theVietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in theKing’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talkabout myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way,I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyonewho can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. Bythe way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as littleeffort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me arewonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing,the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only ashort while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that shehad undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Workingtogether, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, Iwould have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms withstronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area. 2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn ’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics 3.a variety of 5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside 11. erasing (B) 1. aided 2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively9. volume10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example,them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5 TextAoganization 1.VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current 2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about 5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). wastaken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive 2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned 5）lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9). spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, becausehe is something of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed tonoises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hithertoin force.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize themeeting, but only a few turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments,changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. Forinstance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn5. coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell 10.take revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off 4. are gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking back on9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5.remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded10.devastatingII.Translation1)1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup,toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos.2.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that theformation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he wasin no mood for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have losttheir loved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.。

大学英语新标准视听说教程4 答案we learn 全新版大学进阶英语视听说教程4答案（最全最新）Unit 2 ConsumerismWarm UpAnswer the questions:last thing I bought was a packet of instant noodles. This bag ofinstant noodles is made in China.2. I think it is mostly good.Listening and Speaking/Lesson AListening:A. Listening for gist:1. A scientist who is calling for a change in our shopping habits.2. Some of the ways that our purchasing preferences are hurting theenvironment.B. Listening for details:away 2% trash. Repair reuse recycle.billion 95 80. bike walk. 250 twentyfive thousand disease.eat meat.Listening and Speaking/Lesson BListening1:A. New words andexxxxxpressions:B. Pre-listening task:C. Listening comprehension1:our stuff comes from.of the products we buy are made or grown somewhere else.C. Listening comprehension2:statistics designed electronics resources African diamondsListening2:A. Listening for gist: 一二四B. Listening for details:twelve fires a dollar% millionVideoBefore You WatchAbout the video:Vocabulary matching: Global warming fossil fuels greenhouse gases carbon footprintWhile You Watch:A. Watch the video：左：water water右：waste cold transportB. Watch again: e g b 进行中C. Answer the following question:Eating cheeseburgers affects the environment in many ways. First youhave to feed the cows. You need a lot of water to grow the food for them.Then you need wheat to make the bread that the hamburger goes on. Thatneeds water too. Once you have the beef you have to transport the meatfrom one place to another. You also have to keep it cold. To do all ofthese things you need a lot of energy. And this produces a lot of CO2.And carbon dioxide isn’t the only greenhouse gas that’s created. Cowsalso produce another greenhouse gas called methane when they make waste.And cows create a lot of waste. When you add it all up the result is avery big number.Unit test*Part 1Section A; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Section B3 54 2 1Part 2CET-Oriented StudyListening practice: 1. A 2. D 3. C。

全新版大学英语综合教程4 习题答案外语教育Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler'smilitary campaigns failed because of theseverity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must berekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin'sscorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow andStalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 theRussian counter-offensive and the outcome ofthe warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancerin the near future.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by thedelayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/shouldnever get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister offguard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered theslide rule out of date /obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had togive up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural andmountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization.Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisivevictory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launchinga series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vastareas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, buthe turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how herfragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily getburned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in hisjudgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, thevillage neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing inon5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model befor e they set up a factory to makethe cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change5. fully developed prototype6. Cannedfoods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences ComprehensiveExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4)enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound ofartillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causinga significant fall in living standards and an increase in socialproblem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closelycorrelated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutesrecently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at thesignal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designingand manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for andtherefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness --backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of theworst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he wasthe first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writerrecommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failedhis interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successfulinterviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennisplayer3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile,the New YorkMarathon and theVietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver. Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made adifference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crackat 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in theKing’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’lltalk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way,I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone whocan read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as littleeffort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent meare wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up 2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing,the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) thatshe had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together,we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, Iwould have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with strongerstructures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train orby bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife overmoney matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1.An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2.The reason(he ga ve) that he didn’t notice the car till too late wasunsatisfactory.3.Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4.Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed,something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics 3.a variety of 5. vanish 7. endorsing 9. sweeping aside 11. erasing (B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing 8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example,the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem tohas given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5 TextAoganization 1.VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current 2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about 5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). wastaken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5） lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9).spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, becausehe is something of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposedto noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto inforce.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting,but only a few turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments,changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk thatpeople will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us upwith the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn5. coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell10. take revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off4. are gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking back on9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5.remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded10.devastatingII.Translation1)1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, topplingthe government and throwing the country into chaos.2.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that theformation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he wasin no mood for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost theirloved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debrisflew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.。

Unit 2This story is based near the Pacific Ocean and takes place near the Mexican port cities of Santa Rosalia and Guaymas on the Gulf of California.Humboldt squids, or "Red Devils, are some of the world's largest animals without a backbone. These sometimes dangerous creatures live in the deep waters of the Pacific Ocean. A researcher and a professional diver have come to the Gulf of California to learn more about them. Will they find any Red Devils? Will they be able to observe them safely?I. Giant Squid. Read the paragraph. Then write the correct underlined word next to each definition.The Humboldt squid is one of the largest invertebrates in the world and can reach more than 182 centimeters in length and weigh almost 30 kilograms. This dangerous predator is carnivorous and feeds mostly on small fish. It has very long tentacles covered with sharp teeth that it uses to attack. When threatened, these sea creatures squirt streams of dark ink in order to blind their enemies and protect themselves. While their normal prey is limited to small sea creatures, Humboldt squid have been known to eat the bodies of dead fishermen at sea and to attack ocean divers.1. an animal that lives by killing and eating others: ______________2. a colored liquid usually used in pens: ______________3. meat-eating: ______________4. animals with no backbone: ______________5. animals killed for food by other animals: ______________6. send a stream of liquid out in a thin line: ______________7. long, thin, flexible arm-like body parts found on some ocean creatures: ______________1.predator2.ink3.carnivorous4.invertebrates5.prey6.squirt7.tentaclesII. Deep-Sea Diving. Read the paragraph. Then match each word or phrase with the correct definition.Neurobiologist Dr. Bob Gilly is going to the Gulf of California in Mexico to study the behavior of the Humboldt squid. His colleague Bob Cranston, an experienced deep-sea diver and intrepid cameraman, is joining him on the trip. Because giant squid live at very great depths, Cranston has developed a special diving device that uses a filter to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from his air supply. The special scuba equipment is designed to help him go deeper and stay down longer. The device may also help Cranston avoid the dangerous and sometimes deadly condition of decompression sickness, which results from rising too quickly from the depths of the ocean.1. neurobiologist ______2. intrepid ______3. filter ______4. scuba ______5. decompression sickness ______1.D2.C3.A4.E5.BSUMMARYAs far as 180 meters below the ocean’s surface lives the Humboldt squid, a species that can grow to be 182 centimeters long. Neurobiologist Bob Gilly has tracked this giant squid species, known as the red devil, to the Gulf of California, and he’s enlisted cameraman Bob Cranston to assist in his research. Cranston does a night dive to film the squid up close, but when his camera lights attract some, he has an unforgettable encounter with the infamous red devils.Warming upTeaching NOTES1. Provide a general introduction to the Humboldt squid by showing pictures from the reading passage or other sources in class.2. Have students familiarize themselves with the topic-related words and expressions.3. Ask questions like “Have you ever heard of the Red Devils?”, “Where do Humboldt squid live?” and “How do scientists study the deep sea marine creatures?”The Humboldt Squid and Its General CharacteristicsThe Humboldt Squid, which is also called Jumbo Squid, Jumbo Flying Squid, or Red Devil, is a large, predatory marine invertebrate. It is found in the warm waters of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Its habitat is at depths of 660 to 2,300 feet,, from Tierra del Fuego north to California. It takes its name from the Humboldt Current in which it lives. The biggest Humboldt Squid can reach up to six feet and weigh as much as 100 pounds. Humboldt squid can change color, flashing bright red when angered or excited. This is why it is sometimes called “the red devil”. The average life span of a Humboldt squid is about one year. Sperm whales, sharks, seals, swordfish, and marlin feed on Humboldt squid of all sizes, and gulls and large fish often eat the juveniles. Hunting Pattern of the Humboldt SquidAccording to researchers, Humboldt Squid hunt for their prey of small fish, krill, lantern-fish, shrimp, mollusks, and other cephalopods in a cooperative manner. This is very unusual in invertebrates. The hunting group of Humboldt squid can contain as many as 1,200 individuals. They can reach swimming speeds from 3 to 15 miles an hour and can jump out of the water and glide through the air to hunt and escape. They usually hunt near the surface at night, as their keen vision helps them to capture the prey. They often approach it quickly with all ten appendages, which extend forward in a cone-like shape. However, when they reach the striking distance, they will open their eight swimming and grasping arms, and use their two long tentacles covered with sharp teeth to grab their prey and pull it back towards a parrot-like beak. Their beaks can easily cut into human flesh and inflict serious wounds. The whole hunting process usually takes place in seconds.Aggressive Behavior of the Red DevilsThe Humboldt Squid are notoriously aggressive species and have earned the nickname the “Red Devils”. When the fishermen use lights to attract lantern-fish, the Humboldt Squid sometimes gets agitated and attack them. They also attack divers that venture too close. It is said that the squid will fight with the fishermen and even blast them with water and ink when they are caught. However, recent research suggests that the squid are only aggressive while feeding. At other times, they are quite passive. When they are feeding, they may even become cannibalistic. They have been seen to prey upon injured or vulnerable squid of their own shoal.Humboldt Squid and Its ThrivingThe Humboldt squid’s population and ra nge is being expanded steadily. They are now encountered as far north as Alaska. Many researchers think that the climate changes and oxygen-level fluctuations that have been negative impact on other species in the diverse California Current have proved beneficial to the Humboldt squid. Other scientists believe that the reason is the Humboldt squid’s ability to explore and take advantage of new habitats and situations. They can also move very quickly and are capable of very large migration patterns. Still others attribute its flourishing and expansion of range to the declining numbers of the squid’s predators. video SCRIPTNarrator: Dr. Bob Gilly is a neurobiologist at Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove, California. He’s studied squid for more than 20 years. His most recent study of Humboldt squid, sometimes called “red devils,” tracked the movements of almost 1,000 squid off the coast of Santa Rosalia, Mexico. Two months later, the squid began to appear across the Gulf of California, near Guaymas. To get a closer look at the giant squid and, hopefully, to learn more about them, Gilly headed down to the small fishing village. Gilly has invited Bob Cranston, an intrepid cameraman who’s spent more time in deep water with giant squid than anyone, to film th e squid. Gilly doesn’t dive himself, so Cranston will serve as the scientist’s eyes underwater. Cranston begins by giving some details about the new diving equipment he’s brought.Bob Cranston, Cameraman: “Stay down a little longer, dive a little deeper, g et in a little more trouble ...”Narrator: The dive won’t begin until nightfall, when the squid rise to feed in the higher depths of the sea. The wait gives the men time to look around.Cranston: “Let’s walk up here and talk to these fishermen.”Narrator: They decide to get the local fishermen’s opinion of the giant squid. What they learn is somewhat disturbing.Local Fisherman, Guaymas, Mexico: “We lose people. Every other year, somebody dies. I have a friend that they found floating in the ocean, oh, l ast year.”Cranston: “Squid fisherman?”Local Fisherman: “It’s lucky they found him because, you know, they’re carnivorous. They’ll eat you, I mean, they will eat you!”Dr. Bob Gilly, Neurobiologist: “The squid will eat you?”Fisherman: “The squid will eat you. If you fall into the ocean, they’ll get you with their tentacles, you’ll drown, and then they’ll . . . you know, all the rest of them willjust eat you.”Narrator: Could these stories be true? It’s enough to worry any diver and gives the men something to think about as they have dinner and prepare.Narrator: With the afternoon fading, it’s time for Gilly and Cranston to get down to business.Cranston: “OK, time to go diving, sun’s going down.”Narrator: The men have created a plan to get as close as possible to the red devils, but it’s going to require some major preparations and careful planning. Cranston knows from his past experience that it can take hours just to find the squid, possibly requiring numerous dives to 60 meters deep. With traditional scuba equipment, he could run out of air before seeing a single red devil. So Cranston will be using a “rebreather” for the dive.Cranston: “Get ready! Get ready for a night with the squid.”Narrator: A rebreather is a special device that contains a filter that removes dangerous carbon dioxide from the diver’s exhaled breaths while simultaneously adding oxygen. It’ll allow Cranston to stay underwater longer and go deeper, but it has its disadvantages.Cranston: “With this rebreather, I can stay underwater up to eleven hours. It’s pretty painful to stay underwater for eleven hours. The maximum I want to stay underwater is about four. The real danger is that you don’t watch your gauges, you get excited about doing something and you’re your oxygen level goes down, down, down. And then all of a sudden you pass out because there’s no warning of having too little oxygen. Y our vision just goes . . . and then you get black.”Narrator: The two men head out to where the fishermen have been finding the jumbo squid. They wait until dusk when the squid rise from inaccessible depths of over 180 meters to a barely accessible depth of 60 meters. Tonight, Gilly and Cranston are going to attempt an interesting experiment. They’ll film the squid using red light.Cranston: “Red is camouflage underwater, so we’re trying to add some red, but still have something we can film with.”Narrator: Like many deep-dwelling creatures, Humboldt squid aren’t very sensitive to red light since red is the first color to disappear in the ocean. Cranston will also be using a red rebreather and wearing a red dive suit in the hopes that he’ll be less invasive in the squid’s environment. Ideally, this will allow him to witness their natural behavior in their element.Gilly: “A red devil?”Cranston: “I’m going to be a red devil down there.”Gilly: “Y ou might never come back. Y ou’re going to join them!”Cranston: “I’m not worried about the squid hurting me. I’m worried about the squid putting up a situation like pulling your mask off or pulling a rebreather hose off, or something like that. That would be a really bad situation.”Narrator: The red lights may make Cranston less visible, but it’s still possible that these reportedly dangerous predators may get too close or become aggressive. Narrator: Cranston begins his long dive to 60 meters beneath the ocean. It’s adangerous commitment. He’ll have to spend more than an hour coming up if something goes wrong or risk getting decompression sickness. In addition, the 35-kilo rebreather makes him less able to move around than with traditional scuba gear. After a short time, the first squid swim into view. They seem to take no notice of the red light; perhaps Cranston and Gilly’s theory is correct. Then a squid approaches Cranston. Cranston can see it, but can it see him? Apparently it can but at first, the squid seems more curious than aggressive. Then, suddenly, a bolder squid attacks the camera. Cranston is caught completely off guard. Soon, the devils seem to be coming from all directions —and at top speeds. Humboldt squid can swim as fast as 32 kilometers per hour. The average human swims at only two or three kilometers per hour. Eventually, the squid turn their attention to Cranston himself. His worst nightmare is about to come true. One tries to pull off his mask. Luckily, it fails. Then, as quickly as it all began, with one last squirt of ink, the attack is over.Gilly: “Congratulations, Bob!”Cranston: “Well, about what?”Narrator: Back on the boat, Cranston is characteristically relaxed, almost like nothing happened.Cranston: “Well, actually, I had a squid come and, you know, touch me. They’d grab a hold of the camera, and I’d grab a hold of them and kind of shake their hand a little bit. And they’d put out their little tentacles and . . .”Narrator: Finally, Cranston gets to show off his film to Gilly.Cranston: “This was when we had the squid grab a hold of the lights and pull the filters. There he comes right out of nowhere. They’re coming in at full speed ahead, grab the pre y, and full speed reverse. And leave the ink.”Narrator: The red light was definitely a great success. Even though the squid could obviously see it, they came much closer than in white light. Cranston has captured some superb images and Gilly has learned much more about the animals’ behavior. Gilly: “It makes you suspect that they have incredible intelligence, to see this exploration-type behavior. And I certainly believe they have a lot of intelligence.”Narrator: The discoveries from research trips lik e Gilly’s not only add to scientists’ knowledge about these mysterious animals, but also add to the world’s fascination with the unusual invertebrates known as the red devils.Teaching notesI. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.4. Have students summarize this part using the answers to the questions.II. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.III. 1. Have students repeat each sentence after it is spoken twice and then write the sentences.2. Have students listen again, and mark the word stress on content words with a stress mark (?).3. Have students listen to each sentence and draw an upward arrow ? for rising intonation, or a downward arrow ? for falling intonation.4. Have students listen again and draw a curved line ? to mark any words that are linked or blended together.5. Have students practice reading the sentences till they can say them using appropriate intonation and stress pattern.Word bank1. track vt. follow a person or animal by looking for proof that they have been somewhere, or by using electronic equipmente.g. It’s difficult to track a creature in the vast ocean.They are tracking arrow squid movements with an automated acoustic telemetry system.2. head down move in the specified directione.g. We’ll head down there first thing tomorrow morning.The two researchers headed down to Shark Alley to observe the great white sharks.3. intrepid adj. extremely brave and showing no fear of dangerous situationse.g. Some intrepid individuals were still prepared to make the journey.Are you intrepid enough to make dives where only a few whales and seals dare to go?4. film vt. record moving pictures with a camera, usually to make a film for the cinema or televisione.g. Most of the scenes about these animals were actually filmed in a studio.They filmed how the giant squid hunt their prey deep under the sea.5. serve as help achieve something or to be useful as somethinge.g. These decoys will serve as baits to attract the sharks.They serve as food for animals, and pollinate plants.Teaching notesI. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Remind students to take notes when they watch the video.4. Have students compare their answers in pairs.II. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.4. Have students provide a brief introduction to “the rebreather” and explain its benefits and risks.III. 1. Have students go through the information in Exercise I, which can help them complete the task.2. Remind students to use the sentence patterns in the chart to make the dialogue.3. Put students into pairs and give them time to practice their dialogues.4. Have some pairs role-play their dialogues in front of the class.5. Give students some comments and suggestions for improvement.Word bank1. get down to business begin to do or give serious attention to something one must do or something importante.g. Without further delay we should get down to business.I think I’ll relax this weekend and then get down to business.2. maximum n. the largest amount allowed or possiblee.g. The temperature will reach a maximum of 3°C here underwater.The maximum danger sometimes implies the maximum hope in conducting a research.3. accessible adj. able to be reached or easily gote.g. The strength of doing this research is that the subjects are so very accessible.The site is accessible and can provide research opportunities.4. attempt vi. try to do something, especially something difficulte.g. He attempted to escape from the squid by turning off the lights.The rescuers attempted to catch the injured sea lion but failed.5. invasive adj. tending to invade or intrude; moving into all areas of something and difficult to stope.g. The pumpkinseed is considered an invasive species throughout much of its current range.Useful expressionsAgreeing* I couldn’t agree more.* Oh, exactly.* That’s just what I am thinking. * That’s very true.* Right / Dead right. / Y ou are right. * It sure is.Teaching notesI. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.II. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.4. Have students describe Cranston’s brief encounter with the squid in pairs. III. 1. Have students read the question first and go through the useful expressions that can help them answer the question.2. Play the video again and remind them to take notes if necessary.3. Give students time to discuss the answer to the question in pairs.4. Have some pairs present their answers to the class.5. Make comments on their answers. Point out the importance of the organization and coherence of their answers.Word bank1. commitment n. something that you must do or deal with that takes your timee.g. I’ve got too many commitments at the moment to complete such a research.2. approach vt. come near or nearer to something or someonee.g. We could just see the whale approaching in the distance.The great white shark approaches the cage stealthily.3. catch sb. off guard surprise someone by doing something which they are not expecting and are not ready fore.g. The fisherman was caught off guard by the dolphin.The student’s unusual question about the squid caught the teacher off guard. Teaching notesI. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.4. Have students summarize the main idea of this part.II. 1. Give students time to predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.III. 1. Put students into small groups of three or four.2. Explain the task to students.3. Have students brainstorm ideas for their instructional videos.4. Encourage students to think about what Cranston did during the long dive, the dangers that scuba divers may encounter and the hunting pattern of the squid.5. Have students write a script of the video.6. Encourage students to rehearse their video in groups.7. Have each group act out their video to the class.Word bank1. grab hold of obtain or take hold of something suddenly or roughlye.g. Thinking it’s a fish, he reache s his hand into the trap, only to grab hold of a different kind of animal.He manages to grab hold of a ledge before being pulled down by the squid.2. reverse vi. travel backwardse.g. The crab reversed gradually into the cage.The diver reversed abruptly when the squid approached quietly.3. superb adj. of excellent quality; very greate.g. Sharks have superb senses; they can smell, taste, touch, see, and hear.This combination makes the Tiger Shark a superb predator.Teaching notesI. 1. Give students time to go through the statements and predict the answers.2. Play the video.3. Remind them of the function of linking words when they are trying to rearrange the statements.4. Elicit the answers from students.II. 1. Put students into groups of three or four.2. Have students make two lists, one for the facts and the other for “fiction”—things they heard about the red devil in the video.3. Ask them to discuss whether they think the red devil deserves its nicknameor not.4. If not, have them offer a more factual nickname for the Humboldt squid.III. 1. Put students into groups of three or four.2. Give students time to do the research, find the information and complete the table.3. Invite a representative from each group to report their findings to the class.4. Ask other groups to take notes when a group is reporting.5. Have students check their notes in their groups and summarize other groups’ findings after all the groups finish their reports.Useful expressionsGiving reasons* It’s because…* Let me explain. Y ou see…* The (basic) reason is that …/ The reason why…* Owing to …* Due to …* As…I. Watch Part 1. Choose the answer(s) to each of the following questions. Some of the questions may have more than one answer.Research on the Red DevilsA. Dr. Bob Gilly, a neurobiologist.B. Bob Cranston, a cameraman.A. To track the movements of some Humboldt squid.B. To get a closer look at the Humboldt squid.C. To learn more about the Humboldt squid.A. Near Guaymas.B. Off the coast of Santa Rosalia, Mexico.A. By watching the squid from the boat.B. By diving to film the squid.1.A B2.ABC3.A4.BII. Watch again. Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions you have learned in this part.Humboldt squid are sometimes called (1) "________________. To learn more about them, Dr. Bob Gilly arrives at the small (2) _____________________ with Bob Cranston, an experienced cameraman. Cranston decides to dive and film the red devils with the help of the new (3) ____________________ he has brought. Since the dive won't begin until nightfall when the squid rise to feed in the (4) __________________ of the sea, the two men decide to get the local fishermen's (5) __________________ of the giant squid. According to one fisherman, the red devils are carnivorous, which means if you fall into the ocean, they'll get you with their (6) __________________ and eat you. Such a disturbing story worries the two men and gives them something to think about as they have dinner and prepare for the dive.（1）red devils (2)fishing village (3)diving equipment (4)higher depths (5)opinion (6)tentaclesIII. Listen and repeat. Y ou are going to hear five sentences selected from the video. Repeat each sentence after it is spoken twice. Then write the sentences.1.His most recent study of Humboldt squid,tracked the movement of almost 1000 squid off the coast of Mexico.2.Two months later , the squid began to appear across the Gulf of California.3.Craston has spent more time in deep water with giant squid than anyone.4.Gilly does’t dive himself, go Granston will sever as the scientist’s eyes underwater.5.The dive won’t begin until nightf all,when the squid rise to feed in the higher depth of the sea.I. Watch Part 2. Choose the answers to the following question.To get as close as possible to the red devils, Gilly and Cranston have created a plan for the dive. Which of the following are included in their plan?A. wearing a red dive suitB. turning off the boat motorC. starting the dive after sunsetD. using a "rebreather for the diveE. using a traditional scuba equipmentF. using red light to film the squidG. using invisible light to film the squid H. diving at the location where the fishermen have been finding the squid一．ACDFHII. Watch again. Complete the following sentences according to what you've learned in this part about the "rebreather.二．(1)a special device (2g)removes (3)adding(4)longerdeeper (6)eleven hours (7)watching his gauges (8)pass out III. Oral work. Work with your partner and role-play a dialogue between Gilly and Cranston who are going over their plan about how to get as close as possible to the red devils. Use the information from Exercise I and the sentence patterns in the chart below.Gilly CranstonWell, we should try our best to film the red devils close up. So let's make the final preparation and go over our planning.Right. And we will head directly for That will make it easie r for us to …I couldn't agree more. That will enable you to …It sure is. And the last thing is to …Right, let's try our best to be less invasive in the squid's environment.All right. First, we should start diving That's when …Then, we will be using …I don't want to stay underwater that long, but I know from my past experience that …Oh, exactly. That's an interesting experiment. We will know whether the Humboldt squid And I will also be using and wearing ...Well, it's all set. Time to go diving.I. Watch Part 3. Fill in the blanks with the missing information.Cranston begins his long dive (1) _______________________________________. It's a (2) _____________________________. He'll have to spend more than an hour coming up if something goes wrong or risk (3) ______________________________________. In addition, the (4) ______________________________ makes him less able to move around than with (5) _____________________________.一．（1）to 60 meters beneath the ocean (2)dangerous commitment (3)getting decompression sickness (4)35-kilo rebreather (5)traditional scuba gearII. Watch again. Put the events of the giant squid encounter in the order they happened.A. Suddenly, a bolder squid attacks the camera.B. Many squid swim towards Cranston from all directions at top speed.C. The squid take no notice of the red lights.D. The red devils squirt their ink and leave.E. The first squid comes into view.F. One squid tries to pull off his mask but fails.G. Then a squid approaches Cranston.( E )→( C )→( G )→( A )→( B )→( F )→( D )III. Oral work. Work with a partner. Answer the following question orally with the help of the expressions given below.QuestionWhy is the long dive a dangerous commitment for Cranston?Useful expressionsthe depth of about 60 meters spend more than an hour coming uprisk getting decompression sickness the 35-kilo rebreatherunable to move around freely the red devils are carnivorousI. Watch Part 4. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. Why was the red light a great success?A. It enabled the squid to come very close to the camera and the diver.B. It made the squid more visible than in white light.C. It got the squid to pay attention to the camera.D. It scared off other sea creatures.2. After seeing the film, Gilly believes that the squid ________.A. seldom encounter human beingsB. are not dangerous to us at allC. may have incredible intelligenceD. have a very unusual hunting pattern3. What can we benefit from Gilly's research trip?A. We will know how to protect ourselves from being attacked when we go diving.B. We will use red light to film animals since we know it works better than white light.C. We will know more about the unusual invertebrates known as the red devils.D. We don't need to conduct more research on squid.1.A2.C3.CII. Watch again. Underline the incorrect word, and write the correct one.1. Back on the boat, Cranston is characteristically calm, almost like nothing happened.________________2. Finally, Cranston gets to show off his movie to Gilly. ________________3. The red light was certainly a great success. ________________4. Cranston has captured some superb pictures. ________________5. And I certainly believe they have a lot of intellect.________________1.relaxed2.film3.definitely4.images5.intelligence III. Oral work. Form groups of three or four. Write a script for an instructional video to teach scuba divers how to survive an attack from a giant squid. Make use of the information from both Part 3 and Part 4. Act out your video to the class.。

UNIT1‎1)多尔蒂先生‎和他的家人‎目前正在农‎场忙于秋收‎。

Mr. Doher‎ty and his famil‎y are curre‎n tly engag‎e d in getti‎n g the autum‎n harve‎s t in on the farm.2)我们不能低‎估敌人，他们装备了‎最先进的武‎器。

We must not under‎estim‎a te the enemy‎. They are equip‎p ed with the most sophi‎s tica‎t ed weapo ‎n s.3)菲尔已三个‎月没有找到‎工作了，正变得越来‎越绝望。

Havin‎g been out of a job/Not havin‎g had a job for 3 month‎s, Phil is getti‎n g incre‎a sing‎l y despe‎rate.4)作为项目经‎理，山姆办事果‎断，工作效率高‎，且判断准确‎。

Sam, as the proje‎ct manag‎e r, is decis‎i ve, effic‎i ent, and accur‎a te in his judgm‎e nt.5)既然已证实‎这家化工厂‎是污染源，村委会决定‎将其关闭，为此损失了‎一百个工作‎岗位。

Since‎ the chemi‎c al plant‎was ident‎i fied‎as the sourc‎e of pollu‎t ion, the villa‎g e neigh‎b orho ‎o d commi‎t tee decid‎e d to close‎it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2.攻势已经持‎续三天，但是我们并‎没有取得多‎少进展。

The offen‎sive had alrea‎d y laste‎d three‎days, but we had not gaine‎d much groun‎d.师长命令我‎们营夜晚绕‎到敌人后方‎发起突然袭‎击。

Unit 2 Text APage 37Pair Work1. How important was the automobile industry in the twentieth century?The automobile industry ranked as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.2. What will happen to cars and roads in the twenty-first century?Cars and roads will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.3. Why does the author say the key to tomorrow's "smart cars" will be sensors?Because it is sensors that will enable vehicles and roads to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.4. How would sensors help reduce traffic fatalities?Sensors can sense if a driver is drunk and refuse to start up the engine.5. What is the function of the radars hidden in the bumpers?The radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. If you make a serious driving mistake the computer will sound an immediate warning.6. How will a smart car alert a driver who feels drowsy?If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.7. What makes it possible for smart cars to determine their approximate location?GPS makes it possible for smart cars to determine their location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.8. What are the prospects for applications of GPS?With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.9. What is "telematics" expected to achieve in increasing the efficiency and safety of highwaytransportation?It is expected to put smart cars on smart highways.10. What are traffic engineers doing on Interstate 15 close to San Diego?They are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the "automated driver". 11. What hopes do promoters of the smart highway have for its future?They have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. By 2020, telematics could be adopted in thousands of highways in the United States.12. What are the advantages of smart highways?Smart highways could be an environmental boon, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.Page 38Working on Your Own1.Part One Paras. 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars andhighways in the 21st century.Part Two Paras. 4-9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be sodesigned that they can help eliminate traffic accidents,determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.Part Three Paras. 10-13 GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smarthighways, which will benefit us in a number of ways.2.1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act;2) They can eliminate most of car accidents;3) They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen;4) They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby;5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6) They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.Page 38Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) cure (2) impact (3) orbiting satellites (4) warn of (5) location (6) At any given time (7) vibrate (8) detected (9) calculate (10) convertedPage 41V ocabulary1.1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximatelyPage 422.1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall intoPage 433.1) The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features.2) To suspend our hammock, we need to find two trees ten feet apart.3) Jason faces up to 10 years in prison for offering bribery money to the US navy officialresponsible for awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) Manufactures usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up afactory to make the cars.5) Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated in all racial groups.Page 434.1) the application / remote / has turned into a reality / are poised to2) that vibrate / can detect / frequency3) lanes / are mounted in / alert a / hazardPage 44II Word Formationkilo-kilogram Medicare-medical care memo-memorandum email-electronic mail gym-gymnasium comsat-communications satellite lib-liberation newscast-news broadcast doc-doctor skyjack-sky hijack vet-veterinarian Eurodollar-European dollar prep-preparatory brunch-breakfast and lunch auto-automobile telecast-television broadcast flu-influenza Oxbridge-Oxford and CambridgePage 45III Usage1) swimming pool 2) drawing board 3) enriched Middle English 4) disturbing change 5) fully developed prototype 6) Canned foods 7) working population 8) puzzling differencesPage 46I. Cloze(1) computerized (2) start up (3) be poised to (4) alert(5) hazards (6) monotonous (7) take control of (8) steer9(9) lane (10) decrease (11) calculate (12) eliminate(13) getting stuck in (14) mounted (15) detect (16) vaporPage 472.(1) generates (2) related (3) revolutionized (4) enabled (5) opportunities(6) overall (7) manufacturing (8) dependent (9) interact (10) fatalitiesPage 47II Translation1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with globaltemperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Page 482.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.。

Unit 1 Text A1.1) 多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2)我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3)菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望Having been out of a job for 3 months, Phil is increasingly getting desperate.4)作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确Sam, as the project manager is decisive, efficient and accurate in his judgment.5) 既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位Since the chemical plant was identified as a source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it at the cost of 100 jobs.2.攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。

师长命令我们营夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。

然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。

我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。

我们营长决定冒一下险。

所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。

这一下扭转了战局。

敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。

The offensive had lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do this we have to cross a marshland, and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud.Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckily enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which had made the marshland freeze over, we arrived our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This had turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2 Text A3.1) 空气中有一种不寻常的寂静，只有远处响着大炮的声音4.There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound ofartillery in the distance.2) 在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems3) 研究表明大气中的二氧化碳的含量与全球温度密切相关Theresearch shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels areclosely correlated with global temperatures4) 最近公共汽车的车辆行驶频率已有改善，从15分钟缩短到12分钟一班The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) 那位跳水运动员立在跳水板边沿，只等教练发出信号便会立刻跳下The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.5.汽车从发明以来是交通运输发生了革命性的变化，永远的改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。

Book 3 Unit 4I Vocabulary (Page 104)1) accordingly 2)loose 3)concentration 4)stimulating5)fabric6)if anything 7)reality 8)intuition 9)trifle 10)at the turn of the century11)mess 12)undermine2.1)approve of 2)slow down 3)taken in 4)sucked into5)set…apart6)dozed off 7)call forth 8)stretch into 9)keep up with10)believe in3.1)provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades2)is credited to his powers of imagination3)on the foundations of an agricultural revolution4)not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse5)the outbreak of the Second World War4.1)flaw; came to the conclusion; would get nowhere2)in a row; dozed off; a mess of3)outbreak of; has undermined; has strainedII. Collocation (Page 106)1.with Christmas only a week away2.With his physical condition improving day by day3.With our GDP growing steadily4.With all the shops closed5.with her eyes closed6.With the fog lifting during the nightIII. Usage (Page 107)1.like / as2.as3.like4.like / as5.as / like6.as7.like8.asCloze 1 (Page 108)1.caution2.came to the conclusion3.never get anywhere4.undermining5.not give / care a fig6.flaw7.beyond any doubt8.foundation9.remarkable / impressive10.imaginationCloze 2 (Page 109)1.extent2.inventions3.bet4.manages5.vision6.eventually7.achievement8.poverty9.utilized10.breakthroughTranslation (Page 109)1.The volunteers sent / assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution ,the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.2.Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism andgravity but failed.3.Professor Wang received / won the Presidential Award for his excellence instimulating students’ creative imagination.4.As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t approveof the economic stimulus package.5.Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusionthat he had to face reality and take up / meet the challenge by himself.What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the United Nations declared it “The World Year of Physics ”. It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905, Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.。