国际贸易实务双语教程电子课件_智库文档.ppt

Counter Offer
Counter offer means a reply to the offer made by the offeree, not accepting completely the terms of the offer and with the proposal to modify or change it.
Offer
Definition The necessary conditions for a valid offer in law Validity time of an offer The time for an offer coming into effect The Withdrawal and the Revocation of an offer Invalidation of an Offer
Acceptance
Implication of an acceptance The key elements constituting an acceptance The period for an acceptance coming into effect Late Acceptancece
Definition of Contract
A contract is an agreement reached by two or more than two parties concerned, in order to establish, modify or terminate the civil right and obligation of the parties.
The key elements constituting an acceptance

国际贸易实务双语
1、战鼓一响，法律无声。——英国 2、任何法律的根本；不，不成文法本 身就是 讲道理 ……法 律，也 ----即 明示道 理。— —爱·科 克
3、法律是最保险的头盔。——爱·科 克 4、一个国家如果纲纪不正，其国风一 定颓败 。—— 塞内加 5、法律不能使人人平等，但是在法律 面前人 人是平抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证。——罗曼·罗兰
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28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
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29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
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30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭

Why trade with other nations?
Advantages
International trade leads to more efficient and increased world production, thus allowing countries (and individuals) to consume a larger and more diverse bundle of goods.
Balance of Payments The balance of payment = the difference between money coming into a country and money going out of the country + money flows coming into or leaving a country from other factors. favorable balance of payments VS unfavorable balance of payments
A nation possessing limited natural resources is able to produce and consume more than it otherwise could.
the establishment of international trade expands the number of potential markets in which a country can sell its goods.
Because the balance of payments is one reflection of a nation's financial stability in the world market, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) uses these accounts to make decisions such as qualifying a country for a loan. The IMF also provides the information to its members so that they can make informed decisions about investments and trade.

Formula
Profit and Loss Ratio of Export Commodities= (RMB Net Income of Export Sales – Total Export Cost)/ Total Export Cost ×100%vious one Please calculate the profit and loss ratio
Case Study:
A trading company exports 10,000 units of arts and crafts which cost 300,000 Yuan (30 Yuan per unit), other domestic cost: 8000 RMB, expected profit: 10%, freight: 10 units/CTN, 1000 cartons, carton size: 255632, GW: 32KG NW: 30KG, the freight to Europe is calculated by W/M as 120 Dollars per ton. The price of 40 containers to Europe: 3500 Dollars, insurance by 11% of the invoice value against all risks at the premium rate of 0.8%, foreign sales price: USD4.85/PC CIF London. Please calculate the export exchange cost respectively by container and by cargo.
Case Study:

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管理贸易政策的含义
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指国家为了某种目的，对外贸活动进行有组织的干预与调节的
政策。
管理贸易政策的理论基础
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凯恩斯主义的对外贸易乘数理论。
管理贸易政策的主要措施
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制定一系列外贸法规和外贸管理制度，以及设立外贸管理机构
来加强对外贸易的管理。
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国际贸易措施
关税措施
通过征收高额关税来限制外国商品进口的一种外贸政策。
指卖方在装运港将货物交到买方指定的船上，并承担货物 在装运港越过船舷之前的一切风险和费用。
CIF（成本加保险费加运费）
指卖方负责租船订舱，将货物装上船并支付运费，同时办 理货物的保险并支付保险费，在装运港将货物交至买方指 定的船上。
CFR（成本加运费）
指卖方负责租船订舱，将货物装上船并支付运费，在装运 港将货物交至买方指定的船上。与CIF相比，CFR不包括保 险费用。
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国际贸易定义与特点
定义：国际贸易是指不同国家（和/或地区） 之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。
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涉及多个国家或地区
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特点
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受到多种因素影响，如政治、经济、文化 等
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通常涉及跨境交易和支付
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需要遵守国际贸易规则和惯例
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国际贸易发展历程
古代贸易
以丝绸之路、海上丝绸 之路为代表的古代贸易 ，促进了东西方文化和
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国际货物买卖合同
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合同成立条件与要素
当事人具备订立合同的民 事行为能力
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