上海市2016届高三英语核心词汇复习：第7课时(course -dig)

主题对接教材人教版必修第一册Unit 5Languages around the world外研版必修第一册Unit 2Exploring EnglishⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．exit n．出口v．离去；退场2．section n．区域3．verbal adj.口头的；言语的；动词的4．retell vt.复述；再讲；重述5．affair n．公共事务；事件6．semester n．学期7．tongue n．舌头；语言8．dialect n．地方话；方言9．idiom n．成语10．vocabulary n．词汇11．type n．类型，种类12．spelling n．拼写；拼法Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．error n．错误，谬误2．rather ad v.相当，颇3．comment n．& v．评论4．resource n．资料，(教学)资源5．gap n．间隔；开口；差距6．factor n．因素；要素7．entrance n．大门(口)，入口(处)8．subject n．主题；对象；学科；科目9．means n．方式；方法；途径10．actually ad v.事实上，实际上11．despite prep.即使；尽管12．attitude n．态度；看法13．unique adj.独一无二的，独特的14．negative adj.消极的；负面的15．long-term adj.长期的；从长远来看16．regard n．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待17．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点18．native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n．本地人19．course n．课程；进程；跑道；航线，航向；一道菜20．process n．过程，进程；工艺流程v．加工，处理；列队行进Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n．底部；根据→basis n．基础；底部；主要成分；基本原则或原理→basic adj.基本的；基础的2．equal n．同等的人；相等物v．与……相等，等于；比得上adj.相等的；平等的；能胜任的→equality n．平等；相等；等式→equally ad v.同样地；相等地；平等地；平均地3．demand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的；要求严格的；费力的4．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically ad v.特定地；明确地5．official adj.官方的；正式的n．官员；公务员；高级职员→officially ad v.正式地；官方地6．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.无形的，看不见的7．system n．体系；制度；系统→systematic adj.系统的；体系的；有系统的8．pronounce vt.发音；正式宣布→pronunciation n．发音；读音9．recognise v．认识；辨认出→recognition n．识别；承认；赞誉→recognised adj.公认的；普遍接受的10．beg vi.& vt.(begged，begged)恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐；家伙vt.使贫穷11．addition n．增加物，添加物→additional adj.附加的，额外的→additionally ad v.此外12．aware adj.意识到的；明白的→awareness n．意识；认识；明白，知道→unaware adj.未发觉的；不知道的13．informal adj.(书写或言谈)非正式的→formal adj.正式的；拘谨的；有条理的→formally ad v.正式地；形式上14．symbol n．符号；象征→symbolic adj.象征性的；符号的；使用符号的→symbolize vt.象征；用符号表现vi.采用象征；使用符号；作为……的象征15．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→intended adj.计划的；为……打算(或设计)的→intention n．用意；目的；意图16．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globally ad v.全球地；全局地；世界上→globe n．地球；地球仪；球体→globalize vt.使全球化→globalization n．全球化17．fluent adj.表达流利的；流畅的→fluently ad v.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流畅；流利18．random adj.随机的；随意的→randomly adj.随机地19．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n．主修课程，专业课；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数；大部分1．cross talk相声2．capitalized adj.大写的3．stutter n．& v．结巴，口吃4．oral adj.口头的；口腔的5．non-native speaker非母语者6．forum n．(因特网上的)论坛，讨论区7．extinction n．灭绝；绝种8．log n．大木头，原木；(某时期事件的)正式记录9．alphabet n．(一种语言的)字母表，全部字母10．interpreter n．解释者；口译者；演绎(音乐、戏剧中人物等)的人Ⅳ.背核心短语1．date back (to)追溯到2．translate...into...把……翻译成……3．keep/bear...in mind记住……4．refer to/consult a dictionary查词典5．stand for代表；支持；象征6．be made up of由……组成7．take over接管；接收8．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰9．be aware of意识到，察觉到10．enlarge/expand one’s vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量11．have a frog in one’s throat(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难12．wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．more...than比……多As China becomes more and more powerful，there are more people learning Chinese in the world than ever before.随着中国变得越来越强大，世界上学习汉语的人比以往任何时候都多。

目录一、英语说课常用教学术语...........................................................2二、英语教学术语........................................................ (3)三、英语教学法术语........................................................ (8)四、教学常用英语........................................................ (23)五、校园常用英语口语........................................................ (27)一、英语说课常用教学术语A. Brief introduction to the teaching material 教材分析Teaching Tasks 教学任务Teaching contents 教学内容B. Teaching objectives; Teaching aims; Teaching goals 教学目标1. Language knowledge objectives 知识目标2. Language skills objectives 能力目标3. Emotion objectives 情感目标C. Emphases and consolidation 重点与巩固D. Difficulties and breakthrough 难点与突破E. Ideas of language teaching 教学思想F. Teaching methods and teaching aids 教法教具G. Teaching process and distribution of time 教学过程与时间分配Teaching procedure 教学过程Teaching steps 教学环节（Warm up）1. Presentation2. Sample drills3. Explanation to the linguistic points4. Consolidation practice5. Summary6. Test7. Homework8. Distribution of timeH. Layout of blackboard writing 板书Blackboard design 板书设计Whole class work 全班活动Pair work 双人活动Group work 小组活动Learning strategies 学习策略After class reflection 课后反思Description of students Junior 2 （45students）Main structureMain vocabularyVisual aidsReviewBackground informationOptional activities and assignmentsPresentation Practice ProductionPre-reading While-reading Post-readingWarming-up 热身活动；准备活动Lead-in 导入二、英语教学术语1. Plans and objectives计划和目标aims and demands目的与要求plan for the topic课题计划analysis of teaching materials教学分析main points重点difficult points (trouble spots)难点allocation of time时间分配lesson plan课时计划teaching objectives教学目标develop skills (in listening, speaking, reading and writing)培养/发展（听、说、读、写）技能2. Types and content of lesson课型和内容old(new) lesson旧（新）课revision/ review复习（课）reading 阅读课dialogue对话课listening 听力课conversation会话（课）(writing) precis（写）概要composite lesson综合课open class(demonstration lesson)公开课3. procedure程序introduction导言（课）checkup/ checking检查(have) dictation（进行）听写listening to recording听录音model reading (by the teacher) 范读，示范朗读read in chorus声朗读watching lantern-slidespoint to … in the chart/ diagram在图/表中指示retelling (retell the story) 复述（故事）rewrite the paragraph 改写段落generalize , induce 概括、归纳row work一排（座位）同练pair work 结对儿练习group work 小组练习summing-up 总结4. Assignments and tests 作业与考查assign class work / homework 布置课内（外）作业hand in / collect the homework 交（收）作业oral / written work 口头/书面作业quiz 随堂小测验(unit) test （单元）测验mid-term exam(ination) 期中考试term(inal) exam(ination) 学期考试make-up exam(ination) 补考sit for an exam(ination) （在）参加考试mark the homework / paper 改作业/卷（给分）full marks 满分, A+excellent (superior) 优，A(优减，A－)good 良，Bnormal/ fairly good /fair 中、尚好，Cnot good / bad 差，Dfail 不及格, F教学法流派：audio-lingual approach or aural-oral method听说法；cognitive approach认知法；compromise method 折中法；deductive method演绎法；inductive method归纳法；cramming method灌输法；comparative method比较法；direct method直接法；discovery learning发现学习法；eclecticism优选法；grammar translation method语法翻译法；language teaching methods语言教学法；the natural approach自然法（途径）；reading method阅读法；silent way沉默法；the communicative approach 交际法（途径）；notion-al approach意念法；functional approach 功能法；comprehensive method综合法；situational method情景法；heuristic method of teaching启发式教学法；oral method口授法；didactics教授法；audio-visual method视听法；suggestopoedia 暗示法；activity method活动教学法；card system卡片教学法；group training method分组训练方法；computer aided instruction计算机辅助教学；discussion method讨论教学法；demonstration method演示法；Total Physi-cal Response全身反应法；Structural Method 结构法；Com-munity Language Learning 集体语言学习法；Zhang Sizhong’s Method of Foreign Language Teaching张思中外语教学法Teaching grammar in situations情景法语法教学Teaching grammar by charts and diagrams用图表概括教语法Teaching grammar in sentence patterns结合句型教语法Teaching of grammar by comparison比较法语法教学Teaching grammar in various ways多样化语法教学Teaching grammar in a communicative way交际式语法教学Teaching of grammar by inductive method归纳法语法教学Teaching of grammar by deductive method演绎法语法教学Teaching vocabulary in situations情境法词汇教学Teaching words in cultural context结合文化背景教单词Teaching of sentence patterns句型教学Mechanical drills机械操练Meaningful drills意义操练Communicative drills交际性练习Presenting patterns in situations情景呈现句型Presenting patterns by raising questions问题呈现句型Presenting patterns by pictures看图呈现句型Presenting patterns by narration叙述呈现句型Presenting patterns through action动作表情呈现句型Pattern drills by imitation模仿式句型操练Pattern drills by substitution替换式句型操练Pattern drills by conversion转换式句型操练Teaching methods and classroom techniques教学方法与课堂技巧Micro-teaching微型教学Teaching of pronunciation语音教学Teaching liaison连读教学Teaching words in sentence patterns利用句型教单词Teaching vocabulary by comparison比较法教词汇Teaching words by rules of word formation利用构词法教词汇Goals/ objectives目标Aims目的Requirements要求Role of the English Teacher 英语教师的作用Revision复习activator记忆激活者presentation呈现demonstrator示范者drill操练organizer or director组织者或指挥者practice 练习supervisor or monitor 监督者或监听者consolidation巩固helper or marker帮手或记分员能够实现的目标：achievable goals；理解检查：comprehension check；结伴学习：cooperating with others；手段：device；自我测评：evaluating one’s learning ；细读：full reading ；功能词：function word；基本思路：general tendency；小组活动：group work；分类聚词：grouping；圈划重点：highlighting；明确目的；identifying the purpose of a language task；输入假设：input theory；内省法：introspection；以学生为中心：learner-centered；学习策略：learning strategy；逻辑思维：logical thinking；排除焦虑：lowing one’s anxiety；记忆策略：memory strategy；误解misunderstanding；需要分析：needs analysis；观察（法）：observation；口头报告：oral report；片面理解：partial understanding；解决问题：problem-solving；步骤：procedure；有目的的听说读写purposeful listening/ speaking/ reading/ writing；规则演绎：reasoning deductively；现场记录：recording ；查阅：scanning；争取机会：seeking practice opportunities；自选话题：selecting the topic；自我意识：self-awareness；自我评价：self evaluating；社交策略：social strategy；列单式笔记：shopping list note form；提要式笔记：standard outline note form；有声思维：think aloud三、英语教学法术语Aachievement test 成绩测试acquisition 习得，语言习得acquisition 语言习得顺序active mastery 积极掌握active vocabulary 积极词汇，主动词汇affective filtering 情感筛选aim,objective 目的，目标analysis of errors 错误分析analytic approach 分析教学法，分析法analytical reading 分析性阅读application to practice 运用于实践applied linguistics 应用语言学approach 教学路子aptitude test 能力倾向测验Army method 陆军法associative learning 联想性学习auditory discrimination 辨音能力auditory feedback 听觉反馈auditory memory 听觉记忆auditory perception 听觉audio-lingual method 听说法audio-visual method 视听法aural-oral approach 听说教学法，听说法aural-oral method 听说法Bbasic knowledge 基本知识basic principle 基本原则basic theory 基本理论basic training 基本训练basic vocabulary 基本词汇behaviourism 行为主义bilingual 双语的bilingual education 双语教育blank filling 填空Cchain drill 链式操练，连锁操练choral repetition 齐声照读，齐声仿读class management 课常管理classroom interaction 课常应对cloze 完形填空cognitive approach 认知法common core 语言的共同核心，语言共核communicative drill 交际性操练communicative exercise 交际练习communicative langunge teaching 交际派语言教学法，交际教学法community language learning 集体语言学习法comparative method 比较法communicative approach 交际法comprehensible input 不难理解的输入comprehensive method 综合法computer-managed instruction 计算机管理教学concord and coordination 默契与配合console 控制台consonant cluster 辅音连缀context 上下文controlled composition 控制性作文course density 课堂密度course design 课程设计cramming method 灌输式cue word 提示词curriculum 课程，教学大纲curriculum development 课程编制，课程设计cultrual objective,aim 教养目的cclical approach 循环教学法，循环法Ddeductive learning 演绎性学习deductive method 演绎法delayed auditory feedback 延缓听觉反馈demonstration 演示demonstration lesson 示范教学describe a picture in writing 看图说话describe a picture orally 描写语言学diagram 图解diagnostic test 诊断性测验dicto-comp 听写作文direct application 直接应用direct comprehension 直接理解direct learning 直接学习direct method 直接教学法Eeducational objective, aim 教育目的EFL 英语作为外语English as a Foreign Language 英语作为外语English as an International Language 英语作为国际语言English environment 英语环境English for Academic Purposes 学术英语English for general prupose 普通英语English for General Purposes 通用英语English for specific purposes 专用英语ESOL English for Speakers of Other Languages 供非英语民族使用的英语English medium school 英语授课学校English teaching;teaching English 英语教学WSD（English as a Second Dialect）英语作为第二方言WSL（English as a Second Language）英语作为第二语言ESL Programme（English as a Second Language Programme）英语（第二语言）教程ESP（English for Special Purposes）专用英语EST（English for Science and Technology）科技英语evaluation 评语，评价examination 考试examination question 考题experimental method 实验法extensive reading 泛读external speech 外语言语extra-curiculum activity 课外活动extra-curriculum club,group 课外小组Ffacial expression 面部表情feedbace 反馈film projector 电影放映机filmstrip 电影胶片final stage 高级阶段first language 第一语言，母语formative evaluation 自由作文free practice 自由练习frequency of word 词的频率al approach 功能法al syllabus 功能派教学大纲Ggeneral linguistics 普通语言学gestalt style 格式塔式（学习），整体式（学习）gesture 手势getting students ready for class 组织教学global learning 整体式学习，囫囵吞枣式学习global question 综合性问题gradation 级进法，分级递升法graded direct method 循序直接法grading 级进法，分级递升法；评分grammar lesson 语法课grammar method 语法法grammar translation method 语法翻译法grammatical analysis 语法分析group reading 集体朗读group training 集体练习guided composition 引导性作文Hheuristic method of teaching 启发式教学法heurstics 启发法；探索法humanistic approach 人本主义教学法Iidealism 唯心主义imitatiom 模仿immersion programme 沉浸式教学imparting knowledge 传授知识incomplete plosive 不完全爆破independent composition 独立作文individualized instruction 个别教学individual training 个别练习inductive learning 归纳性学习inductive method 归纳法inflection,inflexion 词形变化information,processing 信息处理initial beginning stage 初级阶段inner speech 内语言语in-service training 在职培训instructional objective 语言教学目标integrative teaching 综合教学integrated approach 综合教学法，综合法intelligent memory 理解性记忆language training 强化教学intensive training 精读intermediate stage 中级阶段interpretation 头口翻译International Phonetic Alphabet 国际音标Jjuncture 连读，音渡junior high school 初级中学junior school 初级学校junior sceondary school 初级中等学校junior-senior high school 初高中junior technical college(or school) 初级职业学院（或学校）junior year 大学三年级Kkey words 基本词，关键字kinesics 身势语，身势学kinesthetic memory 动觉记忆knowledge 知识knowledge structure 知识结构Llanguage acquisition 语言习得language acquisition device 语言习得机制language arts 语言技能language competence,or knowledge 语言知识language learning capability 语言学习能力language laboratory;lab 语言实验室language leaning capacity 语言学习能力language pedagogy 语言教育language performance 语言行为language program design 语言课程设计language test 语言测试learning by deduction 演绎性学习learning by induction 归纳性学习learning process 学习过程learning style 学习方式lesson conducting 教课lesson plan 课时计划，教案lesson preparation 备课lesson type 课型linguistics 语言学linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic method 口语领先教学法living language 活的语言long-term memory 长期记忆look-and-say method 看图说话法Mmeaningful drill 有意义的操练neabubgful exercise 有意义的练习meaningful learning 理解性学习means of teaching 教学手段mechanical drill 机械操练mechanical exercise 机械练习mechanical memory 机械记忆mechanical translation 机器翻译medium of instruction 教学媒介语，教学语言memory 记忆，记忆力memory span 记忆幅度memorizing 用记记住method 方法methodology of teaching 教学法methodology of teaching English 英语教学法micro-teaching 微型教学mim-mem method 模仿—记忆法minimal pair 最小对立体（一种辨音练习）modeling 示范教学modern equipment 现代化设备modern language 现代语言monitor hypothesis 语言监控说mother tongue 母语motivation 引起动机Nnative language 本族语natural approach 自然教学法，自然法natural method 自然法needs analysis 需要分析new lesson 新课nine-pile grading 九堆法notional approach 意念法notional-al syllabus 意念-功能派教学大纲notional syllabus 意念大纲、意念派教学大纲Oobservation lesson 观摩教学objective 教学目标optimum age hypothesis 学习最佳年龄说operating principle 操作原则oral approach 口语教学法，口语法oral exercise 口语练习oral method 口授法oral reading 朗读order of acquisition 语言习得顺序organization of teaching materials 教材组织organs of speech 发音器官outside reading 课外阅读Over learning 过量学习Ppaired-associate learning 配对联想学习法pair work 双人作业，双人练习passive vocabulary 消极词汇pattern drill 句型操练pattern practice 句型练习pedagogical grammar 教学语法pedagogy 教育法peer teaching 同学互教penmanship handwriting 书法perception 知觉performance objective 语言实践目标personality 个性philosophy 哲学phoneme 音素phonetics 语音法phonetic method 按字母音值拼读法phonology 音位学picture 图画placement test 分班测验plateau of learning 学习高原practical objective 实用目的practice effect 练习效应practice of teaching 教学实践presentation of new materials 提出新材料pre-teaching 预教primary of speech 口语领先principle of communication 交际性原则principle of teaching 教学原则problem solving 习题解答production stage 活用阶段，产出阶段productive exercise 活用练习productive mastery 活用掌握productive vocabulary 活用词汇proficiency 熟练program designing 课程设计psycho-linguistics 心理语言学psychological method 心理法Qqualified teacher 合格教师question band 试题库questionnaire 调查问卷questions 提问rapid reading 快速阅读，快读rate of reading 阅读速度readability 易读性read by turns 轮读reading 阅读reading lesson 阅读课reading method 阅读法reading speed 阅读速度reading vocabulary 阅读词汇，阅读词汇量receptive language knowledge 接受性语言知识receptive vocabulary 领会词汇reformed method 改良法regression 回看，重读reinforcement 巩固reinforcement lesson 巩固课repetition drill 复述操练repetition-stage 仿照阶段response 反应retelling 复述retention 记忆review;revision 复习review（revise）and check up 复习检查review（revision）lesson 复习课rewriting 改写rhythm 节奏role-play 扮演角色rote learning 强记学习法，死记硬背scanning 查阅，扫瞄school practice 教学实习scientific way of thinking 科学的思想方法second language 第二语言segment 音段，切分成分semantics 语义学seminar 课堂讨论sentence completion 完成句子short-term memory 短期记忆sight vocabulary 一见即懂的词汇silent reading 默读silent way 沉默法，静授法simplification 简写simplified reader 简写读本simulation 模拟，模拟性课堂活动simultaneous interpretation 同声翻译situational method 情景法situational language teaching 情景派语言教学法，情景教学法situational method 情景教学法situational syllabus 情景派教学大纲situation reinforcement 情景强化法skimming 略读，济览slide 幻灯片slide projector 幻灯片socialized speech 社会化言语socio-linguistics 社会语言学soft ware 软件speech disorder 言语缺陷speech pathology 言语病理学speech perception 言语知觉speech reading 唇读法speed reading 快速阅读，快读speelling 正字法spiral approach 螺旋式教学法，螺旋法spoken language 口语stage of teaching 教学阶段stick drawing;mathch drawing 简笔画stimulus and response 刺激与反应stress accent 重音，重读structuralism 结构主义（语言学）structural method 结构法student-centered 学生中心student-centered learning 学生为主学习法student teacher 实习教师student teaching 教育实习submersion programme 沉浸式教程substitution 替换substitution table 替换表subvocal reading 默读suggestopaedia 暗示教学法syllabus 教学大纲syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus for middle school English 中学英语教学大纲synthetic approach 综合性教学法，综合法synthetical reading 综合性阅读Ttarget language 目的语，译文语言teacher’s book 教师用书teacher’s manual 教师手册teaching experience 教学经验teaching objective,aim 教学目的teaching procedure 教学过程teaching tools;property 教具teaching words in isolation 孤立教单词theory of teaching 教学理论TEFL 英语（外语）教学TESL 英语（第二语言）教学TESOL 对非英语民族教英语time allotment 时间分配total physical response method 整体动作反应法transformation drill 转换操练translation method 翻译法transformational generative grammar 转化生成语法Uunconscious 潜意识underclassman 低年级学生undergraduate 大学本科生undergraduate course 大学本科课程undergraduate school 大学本科学院undergraduate special 大学特殊课程unified studied 统一课程university high school 大学附属中学university of the air 广播电视大学updating courses/training 现代化课程/训练upgrading courses/training 进修课程/训练upperclassman 高年级学生use and usage 使用和用法四、教学常用英语常见的语法术语摘要1.名词 noun 动词 verb 形容词 adjective 数词 numeral 代词 pronoun2.介词 preposition 副词 adverb 连词 conjunction 冠词 article 感叹词interjection3.结构：structure 简单句 simple sentences 并列句 compound sentences4.复合句complex sentences 倒装句inverted sentences 省略句ellipticalsentences5.陈述句 declarative sentences 疑问句 interrogative sentences6.祈使句 imperative sentences 感叹句 exclamatory sentences7.否定句 negative sentences 被动句 passive sentences8.虚拟语气句 subjunctive sentences 同义句 synonymous sentences9.歧义句 ambiguous sentences 委婉句 euphemisms 强调句 emphasis10.疑难句 difficult sentences 叙述句 narrative sentences 说明句 expositorysentences11.议论句 argumentative sentences 人物描写句 descriptive sentences of people12.动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions13.环境描写句 descriptive sentences of environment14.日常口语句 sentences for everyday talk15.实用情景句 sentences of actual situations16.课堂教学句 sentences of classroom teaching17.名人语句 quotations 格言句 maxims 谚语句 proverbs18.状语adverbial 补语complement 宾语object 宾语补助语objectivecomplement19.表语 predicative 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 谓语动词 finite verb20.非谓语动词 non-finite verb 情态动词 modal verb21.并列 coordination 选择 alternative 转折 transition 对比 contrast22.原因 cause 结果 effect 解释 explanation23.动词时态 verb tenses24.一般现在时 simple present (tense)25.一般过去时 simple past (tense) 一般将来时 simple future (tense)26.过去将来时 future (tense) in the past 现在完成时 present perfect (tense)27.过去完成时 past perfect (tense) 将来完成时 future perfect (tense)28.现在进行时 present continuous (tense) 过去进行时 past continuous (tense)29.将来进行时 future continuous (tense)30.现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous (tense)31.主句 main clause 从句 subordinate clause32.限定性定语从句 restrictive attributive clause33.非限定性定语从句 non-restrictive attributive clause34.宾语从句 object clause 壮语从句 adverbial clause 主语从句 subjectclause35.表语从句 predicative clause 同位语从句 appositive clause36.双重复合句 double complex sentences37.多重复合句 multiple complex sentences38.插入语 parenthesis39.IT引导的句子 IT sentences40.THERE引导句 THERE sentences41.省略名词 omission of noun42.判断句statements 列举句enumeration 比较句comparison 让步句concession43.一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question44.选择疑问句 alternative question 反意疑问句 disjunctive question45.陈述式疑问句 declarative question 省略疑问句 elliptical question46.一般否定 general negation 全部否定 complete negation 部分否定 partialnegation47.双重否定 double negation 否定句 negative sentences 肯定句 affirmativesentences48.主格 subjective case 宾格 objective case 所有格 possessive case49.单数与复数 singular and plural 语序 word order50.不定式 infinitive 动名词 gerund 现在分词 present participle51.主动的 active 被动的 passive 语态 voice 标点符号 punctuation mark52.抽象的 abstract 具体的 concrete 名言 saying 语气 mood53.典故 allusion 习语 idiom 俚语 slang 外来语 foreign word 行话 jargon54.直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 命题 proposition课堂教学句 sentences of classroom teaching开始上课 beginning of the class1.我们开始吧 Let’s start/ Let’s begin now2.让我们开始上课 Let’s begin our lesson.3.今天我们上新课，先学生词，然后读课文 We are going to have a new lesson today.We’ll learn the new words first. Then we’ll read the text.4.我们先学课文，然后提问。

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