导学教程2019届高三英语二轮复习第二部分语法知识讲练篇专题十八介词和连词

专题十八介词和连词Ⅰ.单句填空1．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back________a big tree.2．Although________my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.3．He almost drowned when he fell________the river.4．Her long­lost husband returned home________a r ainy night.5．Do you think this shirt is too tight________the shoulders?6．Do you play any other sports________football and basketball?7．Without any machines, all the work had to be done______hand.8．We delayed our departure________account of the bad weather.9．You will soon get accustomed________the climate here.10．I like living here；it’s not cold________hot in winter.11．As________as too much homework, children suffer from endless exams.12．You can choose________French fries, baked potato, or mashed potatoes.13．You’d better give me my book, ________I’ll fail my test.14．Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, ________those in the south are relatively poor.15．I had just finished my dinner and was about to take a bath________my boss phoned me to attend an important meeting.答案 1.against 2.against 3.across 4.on 5.for 6.besides7.by8.on 9.to 10.or 11.well 12.either 13.otherwise/or 14.while 15.whenⅡ.单句改错1．Please contact me in Room 18, Floor 2, Block 3 about further information.2．We could hang this picture at the wall next to the door.3．He struggled across the crowd till he reached the front.4．The relations among us are becoming better and better.5．He sang a Chinese song with English.6．There’s no coffee－would you like a cup of tea instead of?7．In spite the bad weather, the football match went on as planned.8．Although he was very clever, but the boy is lazy and doesn’t put his heart into his lessons.9．Either her parents or Jones don’t enjoy watching football matches.10．Trying your best, and you’ll accomplish what you desire.答案 1.in改为at 2.at改为on 3.across改为through 4.among改为between 5.with改为in 6.去掉of 7.spite后面加of 8.去掉but 9.don’t改为doesn’t 10.Trying改为Try或去掉andⅢ.语法填空I’ve been a taxi driver 1.________nearly ten years.Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis.It’s a nice job most of time.You meet a lot of people.I always work at night,2.________there is too much traffic during the day.I live twenty miles outside London3.________I go to work at 5：30 in the afternoon.I usually go home 4.________2 and 3 in the morning.Something very strange happened late the other night.I took a woman home 5.________a party.She had her little dog 6.________her.When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key.So I waited in the car with the dog 7.________she climbed in 8.________the windows.I waited and waited.After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on.I tied the dog 9. a tree and started to climb in through the window.The next thing I knew was that the police came.They thought I was a thief.Luckily, the woman came downstairs.She must have gone to sleep andforgotten 10.________me and the dog!答案 1.for 2.for/because 3.and 4.between 5.from 6.with7.while 8.through 9.to 10.aboutⅣ.短文改错In life people make many important decisions.Right decisions are so important they affect us greatly.My latest decision was made before I entered Senior 3 in Miss Zhang’s English class.Since I was not good in English, Miss Zhang asked me to listen attentively to class and put down some important notes.However I was never a good listener.I went on my own way ignoring of her suggestion completely when Miss Zhang had a talk to me.She made me realize the importance of note taking.Then I decided to follow her to take notes in her class.From then, my English has improved greatly.By this experience, I have realized a good decision benefits people.We should learn to take people’s advice and do the right things.答案In life people make many important decisions.Right decisions are so important ∧thatthey affect us greatly.My latest decision was made beforewhenI entered Senior 3 in Miss Zhang’sEnglish class.Since I was not good inat English, Miss Zhang asked me toinlistenattentively to class and put down some important notes.HoweverButI was never agood listener.I went on my own way ignoring of her suggestion completely whenuntil Miss Zhang had a talk towithme.She made me realize the importance of notetaking.Then I decided to follow her to take notes in her class.From thensince，my English has improved greatly.Bythis experience, I have realized a good decision benefits people.We should Fromlearn to take people’s advice and do the right things.。

【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句【考情分析】介词1．常见介词的用法及辨析。

2．介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。

3．在定语从句中，介词的使用情况。

连词1. 考查并列连词、从属连词的用法2. 重点考查主从复合句和并列句的连接词的选用。

状语从句1.状语从句的分类1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。

2.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。

3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。

【知识归纳】介词：1.“名词＋介词”型the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to；wish/desire/prize/respect…for；pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on2.“介词＋名词”型(1) in ＋名词in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in case 如果，万一 in charge 主管，掌管，看管in common 共有，共同，公有 in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的(2) ①on＋名词on guard 在值勤 on leave 在休假 on holiday在度假 on strike罢工 on sale 出售 on loan 借贷②on＋the＋名词 on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march 在行军 on the flow 在涨潮(3) beyond ＋名词beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的 beyond one's reach 够不着beyond description 难以形容 beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑(4) under ＋名词under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中 under test 在测试中under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中under consideration 在考虑中(5) at ＋名词at length 详细地，长时间 at sea 茫然 at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭at rest在休息 at table 在吃饭 at school 上学 at church 做礼拜 at peace 处于和平状态(6) out of ＋名词out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance 失去平衡 out of date 过时 out of patience 不耐烦3．“动词＋介词”搭配①rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a desk of wood ; make bread from flour②介词＋ the ＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋ sb.’s ＋部位，可换用)strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)注意：同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异的情况。

英语高考专题复习讲与练介词和连词英语高考专题复习讲与练介词和连词一、考点聚焦1、介词的分类与语法功能（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。

介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout 等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。

双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。

分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。

常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。

如：①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.②He quarrelled with her yesterday.③He succeeded in passing the final exam.④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study Englishwell.（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。

如：①This machine is in good condition.(表语)②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）2、介词搭配（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

介词与连词02十四. It was the middle of the night __ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .A. thatB. asC. whichD. when【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】D【解析】本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。

句义：当我的父亲把我叫醒并我告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时在半夜。

本句容易错选A项，认为是强调句型。

实际上the middle of the night不能单独做时间状语，如果在the middle of the night前面加上in，本题就可以选择A项了。

故D正确。

十五. I don’t really like the author,_______ I have to admit his books are very exciting.A. althoughB. unlessC. untilD. once【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词表示。

Although尽管；unless除非，如果…不…；until直到…才…；once一旦；句义：尽管我承认这本书很精彩，但是我并不喜欢这本书的作者。

根据句义可知上下文之间存在这转折关系，四个选项中只有A项表示上下文的转折。

故A正确。

【试题延伸】此题主要考查连词的辨析，选择连词主要是看前后句的关系，因果关系用表因果的连词，转折关系用转折连词，并列关系用并列连词，要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力和词义辨析能力。

【举一反三】I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. thereforeB. althoughC. sinceD. unless【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管我一定说你确实看起来熟悉，但我相信我们以前没见过面。

■ II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想介词和介词短语【考纲解读】介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。

介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。

此外，在定语从句中，也常考查"介词+关系代词”的用法。

有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond 等。

【预习导学】一、介词.表示方位的禾口3 .表示方位的禾口4 .表示时间点的和.表示时间段的和.表示交通方式的和.表示"用....... ”的和.表示"除 ..... 夕卜”的禾口.其他常考介词的用法的用法的用法⑸u nder的用法■ II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想⑹with 的用法介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。

①While stay ing in the village, James un selfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return .（2014 •浙江高考）当詹姆斯住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报。

②Starting your own bus in ess could be a way to achievi ng finan cial in depe ndence. On the other hand , it could just put you in debt.（2014 •江西高考）自己做生意或许是获得经济独立的一种方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。

知识积累介词的常用搭配一览1 •介词与名词的常用搭配(1) at + n.表示状态at a loss 不知所措at war 在战争中(2) 其他以at开头的介词短语at the beg inning ofat the cost ofat the risk ofat the mercy of⑶on + n.表示状态on exhibiti on/show 在展出on sale 出售，打折on the decrease/i ncreaseat peace 处于和平中at work 在工作在……的开始以……的代价冒……的危险在……支配下；任由……摆布on fire 着火on the way 在途中在减少/在增加on holiday/vacati on 在度假 on duty/guard 在值班/站岗 (4) 其他以on 开头的介词短语 on acco unt of因为on no acco unt/con diti on 决不(5) by + n.表示方式 by accide nt 偶然 by cha nee 偶然 by hand 用手工 by the day 按天算⑹in + n.表示方式in cash用现金付款in depth 在深度上 in size 在大小上 in len gth 在长度上(7)其他以in 开头的介词短语in n eed of 需^< in no time 立刻in place of 代替in additi on to 另外in response to 作为回应 in spite of 尽管 in favor of 支持，赞成in case of万一；如果；假如in celebrati onof为庆祝 .... in con trol of 管理；控制；操纵 in honour of 为向 .... 表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念…… in support of 为支持 .....in the charge of 在 .... 的管理下in the direct ion of在 .... 方向in no case 决不 in no way 决不in possessi on of 拥有，占有in charge of 掌管 ........in return作为回报in excha nge for作为交换in the face of 面对(8)of of benefit+ n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词) 有益处的of help有帮助的on behalf of 代表by air/pla ne 乘飞机 by coin cide nee 碰巧 by mistake 错误地 by n ature 天生地in width 在宽度上 in detail 详细地 in height在咼度上 in En glish 用英语of importa nee 重要的of use 有用的(9) out of + n.表示状态 out of bala nee 失去平衡 out of con trol 不受控制 out of debt 不欠债out of shape 走样，不成形 out of the questi on不可能(10) under + n.表示被动 un der attack 遭到袭击 un der pressure 在压力下 under control处于控制之中(11) with + n.表示方式 with delight/joy 高兴地 with ease 轻而易举地of sig ni fica nee 有意义的of value有价值的上气不接下气过期 出故障 看不到失业un der discussi on 在讨论中 un der treatme nt在治疗中un der con struct ion在建造中with difficulty 困难地with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地(12) .............................................. b eyond + n.表示"超出 ，难以 ” out of breath out of dateout of order out of sight out of workbeyond compare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不至Ubey ond descripti on难以描述beyond doubt 不用怀疑，确实地 难以表达bey ond expressi on/words 2 •介词与形容词的常用搭配 (1) b e + adj. + about be an xious about be curious about be particular aboutbe worried/c oncerned about (2) b e + adj. + at be angry at 因 ...... 生气 be ast oni shed at 对 .... 吃惊 be di sappo in ted at 对(3) b e + adj. + in be absorbed in 专注于• be dressed in 穿着 .......失望忧虑 ... 对……好奇 对……讲究/挑剔 对……担心be good at 擅长 be prese nt at 出席be active in 积极于 be en gaged in 忙于■ II 精诚凝聚 7=成就梦想be tha nkful for 因 .... 而感激 be an xious for急切盼望，渴望…be prepared for 为 ....... 做好准备(5) be + adj. + from be abse nt from 缺席 be far from 远离 (6) be + adj. + to be close to 接近 .......(8)be + adj. + withbe busy with 忙于 .......be comb ined with 与… …结合 be covered with 被••… •覆盖be patie nt with 对••…•有耐心be satisfied with对… ••…满意be pleased with 对••… •感到满意be filled with充满be content with 对•… ••满意 be familiar with对… …•熟悉 be popular with 受•…••的欢迎by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒be rich in富含……be occupied in忙于……be in terestedin 对•… ••感兴趣be in volved in包括在… •…中，被卷入(4)be + adj. + forbe eager for 渴望……be famous for 以……著名 be fit for适合，胜任…be hungry for渴望……be ready for 准备好 be sorry for 对 ........ 感到抱歉be devoted to 致力于…… be familiar to对… …来说熟悉be good to 对… ••…有好处 be harmful to 对…… 有危害be opposed to 反对…be/get used to ( 变得）习惯于……(7)be + adj. + ofbe aware of 意识至U …be full of充满 ....be short of 缺之 .......be ashamed of 为 .... 感到羞耻be differe nt from不同于be free from不受•••…影响 be con trary to 与… •…相反be equal to 等于•…be frien dly to 对… ••…友好 be grateful to对…•…心存感激 be kind to 对… ••…友好be similar to与… …相似be fond of 喜欢 ...... be proud of 因 .... 而自豪be tired of厌烦 ....out of question 毫无疑问;out of the question 不可能; out of order 次序颠倒； out of sight看不见； out of place不合适;out of pity 出于同情； out of curiosity出于好奇be concerned with 与 ....... 有关； 涉及，关心，关注【考点突破】 考点语境词义辨析I. ____________________ The dietionary is : many words have been added to the Ianguage since it waspublished.(2016 •天津，2)A.out of con trol B. out of dateD.out of reach2. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes sea ? (2015 •浙江，3)Edison.(2015 •江苏，34)B. regardless ofC. aside fromstreet.(2015 •陕西，12)福建，22)『考点归纳：1. 几组常见的介词短语 (1) out of +名词C.out of sightani mals both on land andA . aboutB. toC. withD. over 3. Most people work because its un avoidable. there are some people whoactually enjoy work.(2015•浙江，10)A.As a resultB.ln additi onC.By con trastD.ln conclusion4.Many of the things wenow ben efitfrom wouldnot bearoundThomasA.tha nks to D.but for5.This meet ing room is a non smok ing area .I would like to warn youthat if yousmoked here you would be fin ed.(2015-湖北，30)A.i n adva neeB.in detailC.in totalD.i n general6.The little pupil took hisgra ndma the arm and walked her across the A.o nB.byC.inD.at7.A commonmemory they allhavetheir school days is the school uniform.(2015•A.ofB.o nC.toD.with(2) in +名词in power 掌权；in good condition 状态良好；in despair 绝望地；in public/secret 公开地/ 秘密地；in tears 哭泣；in good/bad repair 保养得好/不好；in charge 负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙；in an ger 生气；in trouble 有困难(3) in +名词+介词in case of 以防万一；in honor of 为了纪念............... ；in favor of 支持；in memory of 为了纪念..... ；in charge of 负责；in terms of 从............. 角度；inneed of 需要；in praise of 表扬；inview of 鉴于；in return for 作为对的回报；in response to 对的答复或反应(4) u nder +名词under control 受控；under attack 遭至U攻击；under way 在进行中；under discussion 在讨论；un der con sideratio n 在讨论/考虑中(5) at +名词at work 在工作；at play 在玩耍；at dinner 在吃饭；at ease 轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗(6)o n +名词on fire 着火；on purpose 故意地；on duty 值日；on the phone 在打电话；on leave 在休假；on holiday 在度假；on a walk 在散步；on the rise/fall 上升/ 下降；on sale 出售；onshow/exhibiti on 展出；on bus in ess 出差；on one' s way to在去…•…的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)to one 's +情感名词to one' s surprise 令某人惊讶的是；to one' s joy 使某人高兴的是；to one' sdisappo in tme nt 令某人失望的是；to one ' s delight 使某人高兴的是2 •注意下列短语中介词的用法for nothing 不花钱,免费come across the穿过房间roomfeel like doing sth. 想要做某事get paid by the week 按周获得报酬be particular about... 对.... 可求、挑易9with satisfacti on 满意地be sec ond to none 不输于任何人；不比任何东西差on one ' s own 独自地in great qua ntity 大量地，大批量in great dema nd 需求量很大take a turn for the better 正朝更好的方向发展keep an eye on 照看，照料with the help of 在......... 的帮助下un der the leadership of 在……的领导下the article in the n ewspaper 报纸上的文章a bird in the tree 树上的鸟apples on the tree 树上的苹果tickets for the concert 音乐会的票in the direct ion of 朝着.... 的方向from the direction of 从.... 的方向set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样3.下列短语中to为介词bel ong to 属于date back to 追溯到look forward to 盼望；期望be addicted to 沉溺于be accustomed to 习惯于be/get used to doi ng... 习惯于做......be devoted to... 致力于.........stick to 坚持【方法总结】方法1汉语对照法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。

2019届二轮复习介词考点讲解[介词考纲]1．常见介词的用法及辨析。

2．介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。

3．在定语从句中，介词的使用情况。

介词：1.“名词＋介词”型the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to；wish/desire/prize/respect…for；pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词＋名词”型(1) in ＋名词in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in case 如果，万一 in charge 主管，掌管，看管in common 共有，共同，公有 in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的(2) ①on＋名词on guard 在值勤 on leave 在休假 on holiday在度假 on strike罢工on sale出售 on loan 借贷②on＋the＋名词 on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march 在行军 on the flow 在涨潮(3) beyond ＋名词beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的 beyond one's reach 够不着beyond description 难以形容 beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑(4) under ＋名词under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中 under test 在测试中under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中 under consideration 在考虑中(5) at ＋名词at length 详细地，长时间 at sea 茫然 at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭at rest在休息 at table 在吃饭 at school 上学 at church 做礼拜 at peace 处于和平状态(6) out of ＋名词out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance 失去平衡 out of date 过时 out of patience 不耐烦3．“动词＋介词”搭配①rob sb. ofsth. ; supply us with food ;make a desk of wood ; make bread from flour②介词＋ the ＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋ sb.’s ＋部位，可换用)strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)注意：同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异的情况。