2019考研英语二十小时速记神表秒杀3100词

2019考研英语必背5500词汇表（R）1rabbit n.兔子2race n.赛跑;人种,种族;属,种 v.赛跑3racial a.种的,种族的4rack n.挂物架,搁物架 v.使痛苦,折磨5racket n.球拍6radar n.雷达7radiant a.发光的,辐射的,容光焕发的8radiate v.放射,辐射;散布,传播9radical a.差不多的,重要的;激进的,极端的;全然的10r adioactive a.放射性,放射引起的11r adius n.半径,半径范围,有效航程,范围,界限12r ag n.抹布,破布,碎布13r age n.愤慨14r aid n/v..袭击,搜查15r ail n.栏杆,围栏;(pl.)铁路;铁轨;横杆,栏杆16r ailroad n.(railway)铁路 v.由铁道运输17r ain n.雨；雨天；下雨 vi.下雨 vt.使大量落下18r ainbow n.虹19r aise v.举起,提升;增加;饲养;引起;竖起;提出20r ake n.耙子,耙机 v.耙;搜索,探究21r ally v.重整,恢复,振作 n.聚集,集会,拉力赛22r andom a.随机的,随意的 n.随机,随意23r ange n.范围,领域;排列,连续;(山)脉v.排列成行24r ank n.军衔,社会阶层;排 v.分等级,把…分类25r ap n.叩击,轻拍,斥责 v.敲,拍,打,斥责,使着迷26r ape n./vt.掠夺,蹂躏,强奸27r apid a.快,急速的 n.(pl.)急流,湍滩28r are a.稀有的,难得的,珍奇的;稀薄的,稀疏的29r arely ad.很少,难得,特别地30r ash a.轻率的,鲁莽的 n.皮疹31r at n.鼠32r ate n.速率;等级;价格,费用 v.估价;评级,评价33r ather ad.相当,有一点儿;宁愿,宁可34r atio n.比,比率35r ational a.理性的,合理的36r aw a.未煮过的,生的;未加工过的,未经训练的37r ay n.光线,射线38r azor n.剃刀39r each v.抵达;(out)伸手,够到 n.能达到的范围40r eact v.反应,起作用;(against)反对,起反作用41r ead v.朗读；阅读 vt.辨认，观看 vi.读到，获悉42r eader n.读者；读本，读物；(英国的)大学讲师43r eadily ad.容易地;乐意地,欣然地44r eading n.读书,读物,(仪表等的)读数,阅读45r eady a.(for)预备好的,现成的;甘心的46r eal a.真的,真实的;实际的,现实的47r ealise v.(realize)认识到,体会到;实现48r ealistic a.现实(主义)的49r eality n.现实,实际;真实50r eally ad.真的,实在,真正地,果然51r ealm n.王国,国土;领域52r eap v.收割,收获53r ear n.后面,背后,后方 v.饲养,抚养,栽培,举起54r eason n.缘故,理性,理智 v.推理,说服,辩论,讨论55r easonable a.合理的,有道理的;通情达理的;适度的56r eassure v.使安心，使放心；使消除疑虑57r ebel v.反抗,反叛,起义 n.叛逆者,起义者58r ebellion n.叛乱,反抗,起义59r ecall v.回忆,回想;撤消,收回60r ecede v.退回,后退;收回,撤回;跌落,缩减,贬值61r eceipt n.收据,收条;收到,接到62r eceive v.收到,接到;遭受,受到;接待,接见63r ecent a.新近的,近来的64r eception n.接待,招待会;接收,同意,接收效果65r ecipe n.烹饪法,食谱;诀窍,方法66r ecipient a.同意的,感受性强的 n.同意者,感受者,容器67r eciprocal a.相互的,往复的,互利的68r ecite v.背诵,朗诵69r eckless a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的70r eckon v.计算,总计,可能,猜想,依赖71r eclaim v.要求归还,收回;开垦72r ecognition n.认出,辨认;承认73r ecognize v.(recognise)认出,承认,公认,赏识,表扬74r ecollect v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得75r ecommend v.推举,介绍;劝告,建议76r econcile v.使和好,调解,使调和;(to,with)使一致77r ecord n.记录;最高记录;履历;唱片v.记录;录音78r ecorder n.记录员;录音机79r ecover v.收回;(from)恢复,痊愈;重新获得80r ecovery n.痊愈,复元;重获,恢复81r ecreation n.娱乐,消遣82r ecruit v.征募(新兵)，吸收；补充 n.新成员，新兵83r ectangle n.[数]矩形, 长方形84r ectify v.纠正,整顿, [化]精馏85r ecur v.(尤指不好的事)一再发生；重现86r ecycle v./n.再循环,重复利用87r ed a.红的，红色的 n.红色；红色颜料88r educe v.减少,缩小;简化,还原89r eduction n.减小,减少,缩小90r edundant a.多余的,过剩的;(食物)丰富的;被解雇的91r eed n.芦苇,苇丛;芦笛,牧笛92r eel n.卷筒,线轴 v.卷,绕93r efer v.参考,查询;提到,引用,涉及;提交,上呈94r eference n.提及,涉及;参考,参考书目;证明书〔人〕95r efine v.精炼,精制,提纯;使文雅,使高尚96r eflect v.反射,反映,表现,反省,沉思97r eflection n.(reflexion)映像,倒影;反省,沉思98r eform v./n.改革,改造,改良99r efrain v.节制,幸免,制止 n.(诗的)叠句100refresh v.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复101refreshment n.(pl.)点心,饮料;精力恢复,爽快102refuge n.避难处,藏身处103refugee n.(政治上的)避难者，难民104refund n.归还,偿还额,退款 v.退还,偿还,偿付105refusal n.拒绝,回绝106refuse v.拒绝,谢绝 n.废物,垃圾107refute v.反驳,驳斥108regard v.(as)把…看作为;考虑n.(pl.)敬重,问候109regarding prep.关于,有关110regardless a./ad.不管…的,不顾…的,不注意的111regime n.政体,制度112region n.地区,地带,行政区,(科学等)领域113register n./v.登记,注册 v.(仪表等)指示,(邮件)挂号114regret v./n.遗憾,懊悔,抱歉115regular a.有规律的;整齐的,匀称的,正规的,正式的116regulate v.管制,操纵;调节,校准;调整117regulation n.规那么,规章;调节,校准;调整118rehearsal n.排练,排演,演习,预演,试演119reign n./v.统治,支配,盛行 n.统治时期 v.占优势120rein n.缰绳,统治,支配 v.驾驭,操纵,统治121reinforce v.增援,加强122reject v.拒绝,抵制,丢弃,排斥,退掉 n.落选者123rejoice v.(使)欣喜,(使)快乐124relate v.表达,讲述;使互相关联125relation n.关系,联系;亲属,亲戚126relationship n.关系,联系127relative a.相对的,比较的,有关系的 n.亲戚,关系词128relativity n.相关(性);相对论129relax v.(使)松驰,放松130relay v.中继,转播,接力 n.接替人员,替班131release v.释放,解放;发表,发行 n.释放,豁免,放松132relevant a.有关的,中肯的,相应的,实质性的133reliable a.可靠的,可信赖的,真的的134reliance n.信任,信心,依靠,依靠的人或物135relief n.(痛苦等)减轻,解除;援救,救济136relieve v.减轻,解除,援救,救济,换班137religion n.宗教,信仰138religious a.宗教的,信教的,虔诚的139relish n.美味,味道,调味品,食欲,乐趣 v.喜爱,品味140reluctant a.不愿的,牵强的141rely v.(on)依赖,依靠;信赖,信任142remain v.剩下,余留;留待,尚须;仍然是,依旧是143remainder n.剩余物,剩下的;余数,余项144remains n.(pl.)剩余,残余,遗迹145remark n.(about,on)评语,意见 v.(on)评论;注意到146remarkable a.值得注意的;显著的,异常的,非凡的147remedy n.药品;治疗措施 v.治疗,医治;纠正,补救148remember v.记住;(to)转达问候,代…致意,代…问好149remind v.(of)提醒,使想起150remnant n.剩余(物),零料,遗迹[风] a.剩余的,残留的151remote a.远的,遥远的,疏远的,偏僻的,细微的152removal n.移动,迁居;除去153remove v.移动,脱掉,调动,免职154renaissance n.[the R-]文艺复兴(时期)；新生，复兴155render v.使得,致使;提出,提供,呈报156renew v.(使)更新,恢复,重新开始,接着157renovate v.更新,修复158rent v.租,租赁 n.租金159repair n.修理,修补 v.补救,纠正;修理160repay v.偿还,报答161repeat v.重复,重说,重做 n.重复162repeatedly ad.重复地,再三地163repel v.击退,抵制,使厌恶,使不愉快164repertoire n.节目,全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能165repetition n.重复,反复166replace vt.取代,替换,代替,把...放回原处167replacement n.取代,替换,替换物,代替物168reply v./n.(to)回答,答复,以…作答169report n./v.报告,汇报;传说,传阅170reporter n.报告人,通讯员;记者,报导者171represent v.描述,表示;代表,代理;阐明,说明172representative n.代表,代理人 a.(of)典型的,有代表性的173repression n.压抑，压制，镇压174reproach v./n.责备,指责175reproduce v.生殖;翻版;繁殖;复制,仿造176reptile n.爬行动物177republic n.共和国,共和政体178republican a.共和的179reputation n.名誉,名声,声望180request v./n.请求,要求181require v.需要;(of)要求,命令182requirement n.(for)需要,需要的东西,要求183rescue v./n.营救,援救184research v./n.(into,on)研究,调查185resemblance n.相似,相似性[点,物]186resemble v.像,类似187resent v.对…表示忿恨,怨恨188reservation n.保留,保留意见;预定,预订189reserve n.储备(物),储备金;缄默 v.保留,储备;预定190reservoir n.水库,蓄水池191residence n.住处,住宅192resident n.居民,常住者 a.居住的193resign v.辞去,辞职,使听从(于),使顺从194resist v.抵抗,反抗;抗,忍得住,抵制195resistance n.(to)抵抗,反抗;抵抗力,阻力;电阻196resistant a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的197resolute a.坚决的,果断的198resolution n.坚决,决心;决定,决议199resolve v.决心;(使)分解,溶解;决议 n.解决;决心200resort v.凭借,求助,诉诸n.度假胜地,常去之处,手段201resource n.(pl.)资源,财力;方法,智谋;应变之才202respect n./v.尊敬,尊重 n.敬意,问候,关系,方面203respective a.各自的,各个的204respond v.回答,响应,作出反应205response n.回答,响应,反应206responsibility n.责任,责任心;职责,任务207responsible a.(for,to)应负责的;可靠的;责任重大的208rest n.休息；剩余部分 v.休息；睡；放，靠，搁209restaurant n.餐馆,饭店210restless a.得不到休息的;不平静的;坐立不安的211restore v.恢复,使回复;归还,交还;修复,重建212restrain v.(from)抑制,制止213restraint n.抑制,制止214restrict v.限制,约束215result n.结果,成绩 v.结果,致使,导致,由…而造成216resultant a.作为结果而发生的;合成的217resume n.个人简历 v.再接着,重新开始;再用;恢复218retail n.零售219retain v.保持,保留220retention n.保留,保持,保持力,经历力221retire v.退休,引退;退却,撤退;就寝222retort n./v.报复,反击,反驳223retreat v.撤退,退却224retrieve vt.重新得到，取回；挽回，补救；检索225retrospect v./n.回忆，回想，追溯[反]foresee226return v./n.返回,回来;归还,送还;回答227reveal v.展现,显示,揭示,揭露,告诉,泄露228revelation n.揭示,揭露,显示,启发,新发明,被揭露的事229revenge n.报复,复仇 v.替…报仇230revenue n.财政收入,税收231reverse n.相反;背面 a.相反的 v.颠倒,倒转232review v.回忆,复习 n.回忆,复习;评论233revise v.修订,校订;修正,修改234revive v.恢复;(使)复苏235revolt v./n.反抗,起义236revolution n.革命;旋转,转数237revolutionary a.革命的,革新的 n.革命者238revolve v.(使)旋转;考虑;【天】公转,循环239reward n.(for)报酬,赏金 v.(for)酬劳;酬谢240rhythm n.节奏,韵律241rib n.肋骨,肋状物242ribbon n.缎带,丝带,带,带状物243rice n.稻,米244rich a.富的,有钱的;富饶的;(in)充足的,丰富的245rid v.(of)使摆脱,使去掉246riddle n.谜,谜语247ride v./n.骑,乘248ridge n.岭,山脉;屋脊;鼻梁249ridiculous a.荒谬的,可笑的250rifle n.步枪251right a.右的,正确的 n.右,权利ad.在右边,正确地252rigid a.刚性的;刻板的;严厉的253rigorous a.严格的,严厉的,严酷的,严密的,严谨的254rim n.(圆物的)边,边缘;(眼镜)框255riot n.暴(骚)乱,蔓延,彩色缤纷v.骚乱,暴动256rip v.撕,剥,劈,锯,裂开,撕裂n.裂口,裂缝257ripe a.熟的,成熟的;(for)时机成熟的258rise v.升起;起立;上涨;起义n.上涨,增高;起源259risk v.冒…的危险n.冒险;风险260ritual a.宗教仪式的,典礼的n.(宗教)仪式,典礼261rival n.竞争者,对手v.竞争,对抗a.竞争的262river n.河流263road n.路,道路,途径264roar n./v.吼叫,怒号;轰鸣,咆哮265roast v.烤,炙,烘266rob v.(of)抢劫,盗取;非法剥夺267robe n.长袍,上衣268robot n.机器人,自动机械269robust a.强健的,雄壮的,精力充沛的,牢固的,浓的270rock n.岩石,石块v.摇,摇动271rocket n.火箭272rod n.杆,棒273role n.角色,作用,任务,职责274roll v.滚动;使摇摆;卷,卷起n.卷,卷形物;名单275romance n.传奇,爱情故事276romantic a.浪漫的,传奇式的;不切实际的,好幻想的277roof n.屋顶,顶278room n.房间，室，空间，地方；余地279root n.根,根部;全然,根源v.(使)生根,(使)扎根280rope n.绳,索281rose n.玫瑰,蔷薇282rot v.(使)腐烂,(使)腐败,腐朽283rotary a.旋转的284rotate v.(使)旋转285rotten a.腐烂的,腐朽的286rough a.粗糙的;粗略的,大致的;粗野的,粗暴的287round a.圆的prep.围绕ad.在周围v.绕行n.(一)回合288roundabout a.迂回的,转弯抹角的n.环状交叉路口289rouse vt./vi.唤醒，唤起；激励；激起290route n.路线,路程291routine n.例行公事,常规a.常规的,例行的292row n.(一)排，(一)行；吵嚷v.划(船等)，荡桨293royal a.王室的,皇家的;第一流的,高贵的294royalty n.皇家,皇族295rub v.擦,摩擦296rubber n.橡皮,橡胶;橡胶制品,胶鞋297rubbish n.垃圾,废物;废话298ruby n.红宝石299rude a.粗鲁的;猛烈的,残暴的;粗糙的,粗陋的300rug n.(小)地毯;围毯301ruin v.毁灭;(使)破产n.毁灭,崩溃;(pl.)废墟302rule v.统治;支配;裁定n.规章,条例;适应;统治303ruler n.统治者,支配者;尺,直尺304rumor n.(rumour)传闻,谣言305run v.奔，跑；流，淌；蔓延，伸展；经营；运转306rural a.乡下的,田园的,乡村风味的307rush v.(使)冲;奔n.冲,急速行进a.(交通)繁忙的308rust n.铁锈v.(使)生锈309ruthless a.残酷的,无情的。

19考研——1张表帮你搞定适合自己的考研英语资料!
本人历经11月寒窗苦习，终于于今年4月份接到了帝都top3某高校的录取通知书，目前在读研一，感觉考研那段时间付出的一切汗与泪，真的好像是
上辈子的事情了，不过属于永生永世都忘不了的那种。

刚开始也走过弯路，考研英语资料嘛前前后后也看过不少，印象最深的也
就是新东方的词汇书、张剑的黄皮书和张国静的写作160篇了。

下面知无不言言无不尽，我就按照我个人的复习进程，分阶段、分人群说说我的主观感受吧，你挨个比对比对~
-----------------------第一阶段（2~5月）词汇书-------------------------
-------------------第二阶段（6~9月）真题书----------------------------
------------------------第三阶段（10~12月）作文书------------------------。

2019考研英语单词怎么背？到了4月份，距离考研也已经仅不到9个月，时间就在我们身边不知不觉地分秒流逝着，英语的复习是一个长期的过程，目前最为重要的就是单词的记忆，词汇量决定着我们暑期之后接触各类题型时，能不能读懂文章，翻阅大纲，我们就会知道，考纲中大约有5500左右的单词和110多个前缀后缀，而且这5500多个单词和前后缀的组合也需要我们认识，那总的词汇量就绝对不是5500和110的相加，可见，单词的背诵量还是很大的。

在记忆单词的方法上，每个人都有自己的计划，比如用单词书按顺序背、用各种APP 等。

对于背单词，应该是以结果为导向，也就是说只要能够背下来，用什么方法都可以，但是方法的不同就可能会让我们在某些情况下走弯路，况且单词的背诵时间有限，不可能把它平摊在全年的复习当中。

通常情况下，单词的背诵应该在暑期之前结束，这4个月左右的时间要玩转单词，没有好的方法是绝对不行的。

背单无非就三种方法：死记硬背，谐音，词根词缀。

死记硬背：从这四个字就能知道，有死有硬，从情感态度上就不是什么积极向上的词汇，这种记忆方法虽然也能够背下来，但是效率未必能保证，比如1+1=2，乘法口诀这些都是我们小学死记硬背的结果，而且现在也很受用，但是适用范围较小，不可能全面覆盖，乘法口诀不可能一直记到99乘以99，所以单词死记硬背就会出现量太大，容易遗忘或者混淆。

谐音：一些单词的确可以通过谐音，比如ambulance(俺不能死-救护车)、ambition(俺必胜-雄心)，通常只能通过谐音记住该单词的一个意思，像ambition除了有积极意味雄心之外，还有野心的意思，除此之外，并不是每个单词都能应用谐音，这种方法本身就在增加我们的记忆量，需要从读音到谐音再转化为意思，局限性较大。

最有效果的就是词根词缀记忆法，举一个最简单的例子，我们都知道exit是出口，这个单词就是由ex+it构成，ex前缀可以代表“向外”、“前任的”，所以可以衍生出export,exceed,expand,expect等等和向外的词，以及ex-president,ex-chairman等，而it是代表“走”的词根，例如visit(边看边走—参观)、initiate(向内走进入某种情况—开始)。

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7 altering your training program.The most8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these9 ,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10 .Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week Weighing every other week allows me to observe and12 any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in14 to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I'm constantly15 and dropping weight, this is a16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18 morning weigh-in.I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 I'm training according to thosegoals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20 over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A.However2. A.cares3. A.initially4. A.recording5. A.reach6. A.definition7. A.regardless of8. A.immediate9. A.claims10.A.though11.A.report12.A.account for13.A.prepare14.A.features15.A.bored16.A.sign17.A.request18.A.surprising19.A.if20.A.dominatingB.ThereforeB.helpsB.occasionallyB.explainingB.setB.distributionB.due toB.rigidB.judgmentsB.insteadB.overlookB.approve ofB.shareB.resultsB.anxiousB.secretB.necessityB.disappointingB.unlessB.obsessingC.OtherwiseC.warnsC.solelyC.loweringC.reviewC.depictionC.aside fromC.preciseC.methodsC.againC.trackC.hold ontoC.confirmC.rulesC.sickC.beliefC.wishC.restrictingC.becauseC.puzzlingD.BesidesD.reducesD.formallyD.acceptingD.modifyD.predictionD.along withD.orderlyD.reasonsD.indeedD.concealD.depend onD.adjustD.testsD.hungryD.principleD.decisionD.consumingD.untilD.triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren't born knowing how to say"I'm sorry";rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated."There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,"says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a2014study,for example,Malti looked ing caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations,she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation."That's good news,"Malti says."We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret."21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____A. regulate a child's basic emotions.B. foster a child's moral development.C. improve a child's intellectual ability.D. intensify a child's positive feelings.22. According to Paragraph2,many people still consider guilt to be____A. burdensome.B. deceptive.C. addictive.D. inexcusable.23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that____A. emotions are context-independent.B. emotions are socially constructive.C. an emotion can play opposing roles.D. emotional stability can benefit health.24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing____A. can result from either sympathy or guilt.B. may help correct emotional deficiencies.C. can bring about emotional satisfaction.D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts.25. The word"transgressions"(Paragraph5)is closest in meaning to____A. teachings.B. discussions.C. wrongdoings.D. restrictions.Text2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable"carbon sinks"long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since2010,drought and insects have killed over100million trees in California,most of them in2016alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat35,000acres of forest a year by2020,and60,000by2030—financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions.That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they've focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.26. By saying"one of the harder challenges,"the author implies that____A. global climate change may get out of control.B. people may misunderstand global warming.C. forests may become a potential threat.D. extreme weather conditions may arise.27. To maintain forests as valuable"carbon sinks,"we may need to____A. preserve the diversity of species in them.B. accelerate the growth of young trees.C. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity.D. strike a balance among different plants.28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to____A. reduce the density of some of its forests.B. cultivate more drought-resistant trees.C. find more effective ways to kill insects.D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.29. What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph5?A. To obtain enough financial support.B. To carry it out before the year of2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To handle the areas in serious danger first.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as____A. ambiguous.B. supportive.C. tolerant.D. cautious.Text3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry.If this doesn't change,American businesses,communities,and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the country,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single.They're also aging. At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of35.Now, more than half are.And picking crops is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along:Native U.S.workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn't the answer,either—not yet,at least.Production of corn,cotton, rice,soybeans,and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they're automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from2011to2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to66,000a year.Even so,employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job22days late.The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a2012survey,71percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly80percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western farmers have responded bymoving operations to Mexico.From1998to2000,14.5percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imports was25.8 percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.B. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is____A. the rising number of illegal immigrants.B. the aging of immigrant farm workers.C. the high mobility of crop workers.D. the lack of experienced laborers.33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S.farming?A. To strengthen financial support for farmers.B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To get native U.S.workers back to farming.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its____A. control of annual admissions.B. limit on duration of stay.C. slow granting procedures.D. tightened requirements.35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. Manpower vs.Automation?B. U.S.Agriculture in Decline?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Import Food or Labor?Text4Arnold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:It's easy to beat plastic.They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be harmful,satisfying a need to have"done our bit"without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions—a kind of"moral licensing"that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws,we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as"consumers"we must shop sustainably,rather than as"citizens"hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority—or even most people's.We shouldn't expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things,Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will"eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022."There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment.It's just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approachto changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It's just about putting things into perspective.We don't have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action,alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to____A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis.B. demand new laws on the use of plastics.C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis.D. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics.37. The author is concerned that"moral licensing"may____A. suppress our desire for success.B. mislead us into doing worthless things.C. weaken our sense of accomplishment.D. prevent us from making further efforts.38. By pointing out our identity as"citizens,"the author indicates that____A. we have been actively exercising our civil rights.B. we should press our governments to lead the combat.C. our relationship with local industries is improving.D. our focus should be shifted to community welfare.39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be____A. a win-win arrangement.B. a top-down process.C. a self-driven mechanism.D. a cost-effective approach.40. The author concludes that individual efforts____A. are far from sufficient.B. are far from rational.C. can be too inconsistent.D. can be too aggressive.Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How seriously should parents take kids'opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home,Camille McClain's kids had a single demand:a backyard.McClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing,and in many cases youngsters'views weigh heavily on parents'real estate decisions,according to a2018Harris Poll survey of more than2,000U.S.adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions,realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial,personal and long-term effects kids'opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process,said Ryan Hooper,clinical psychologist in Chicago."Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,"he said.Greg Jaroszewski,a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates,said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities,if possible.Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter,said Adam Bailey,real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren't a consideration for children,said Tracey Hampson,a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita,Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase."Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but Iwouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,"Hampson said.The other issue is that many children—especially older ones—may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif."They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,"he said."HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate.It's not shelter,it's a lifestyle.With that mindset change come some serious money consequences."Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time,said Julie Gurner,a real estate analyst with ."Their opinions can change tomorrow,"Gurner said."Harsh as it may be to say,that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions,but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best—and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."This advice is more relevant now than ever before,even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say,"I could write a book.I just haven't the time."Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,"having a go at the writing game".While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising,re-writing and reading.Like the majority of authors,he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons,and2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e"Li Ming"instead.(10points)PartB 48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, youshould 1) interpret the chart,and 2) give yourcomments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 某高校2013和2018年本科毕业生去向统计 26.30% 1.30%2.60%就业升学创业2018。

20天攻克考研词汇表格10天、20天的表格都有哦,方便打印我十天把考研单词背7遍的心得，附详细操作过程十二天前我回复了一个帖子，受这个帖子启发，然后搜到了一篇《17天搞定GRE单词》（好像是叫这个名字吧)，看完后我决心10天把考研单词全部背完，而且不是背一遍，先记单词再说。

整个过程耗时半分钟不到，个别意思多的要一分钟。

因此，1个小时60分钟能背掉100个单词是按照背单词的那个循环大表循环着背，前期一些单词都背了7遍了。

我做到了！筹划考研比较久了，但还没有考过，本人的基础是：前年单词翻到C放弃，去年单词看完一遍，如今也早就不记得了，掌握了一点基本的词根词缀知识，仅限于此。

曾经的我也为单词苦恼过，但如今完成这10天的魔鬼式训练，感觉单词不过如此。

谈谈我的方法和心得吧。

首先，这10天我是拿出每天10-12个小时不看别的书专门背单词，（在职的、忙于学业的、每天只能学习4、5个小时的朋友，可以相应延长这个时间到20天，而且我不相信一个考研的人每天4，5个小时都拿不出来，这样的话你最好别考了），偶尔的闲暇我还拿出时间来论坛水水。

另外，大纲里DOG，DESK，APPLE等中学词汇起码有2000多个不用背。

真正需要背的单词大概也就3000-3500（基础好的过了四级六级的，要背的远远少于这个数）。

每天平均新单词400不到，耗时6小时。

其他4-6小时全部是复习，按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线复习。

要谨记：复习永远比学新单词重要。

具体操作是：第一步：读单词音----简单拼写一下（这个时候不要强迫自己记得每个单词的拼写）---读单词汉语意思----回忆复述一下----PASS，到下一个单词。

不要追求拼写，不要追求用法，甚至很多词组都不要去管他，第二步：5-10分钟左右（根据自己记忆力）无论背到哪了，都重复前面那个5-10分钟的单词，操作如第一步。

假如你10分钟背完之前的那个小段单词，那么复习的时间最多只要3-5分钟甚至更短。

第三步：1小时复习前面1小时背诵的，操作同上第四步：“12小时后复习当天背诵的”，我一般是上午7点到下午2点完成当天新单词，14点--20点复习前面学习内容（至于复习哪些，大家搜一下艾宾浩斯单词记忆大表，应该都听说过吧），20点-23、24点复习当天内容（这个按照大表上也有规定的），我前面就说了，白天背诵5，6个小时，复习最多3小时我大概算了下，每天新单词加复习的旧单词加一起，大概有2000个。

妙语速记3000英文单词---近形编句速记法速成3000常用英语单词(缩略精华版)刘伊翰编著（购买办法：新华发行集团各大书店有售，定价12元/本；羊城晚报出版社或作者均可邮购，加15%邮费）前言中国加入wto了!英语作为人们谋生发展的工具越发显得重要起来，甚至有人把文盲的范畴扩大到不懂外语的人，很多人都希望精通英语以为自己的生存和发展创造优势，然而，缺乏充足的时间和精力，缺少真正高效实用的学习方法和辅助工具，以低效乏味的记忆方式，面对数以万计的英语词汇和惊人的遗忘速度，这是一场多么没有希望的战斗，多少人经过长年累月的争扎，不得不退出了战场……如果您曾大规模记忆英语单词，您一定会发现，有很多英文单词的词义完全不同，但拼写方式却十分相似，例如“doe、foe、joe、hoe、roe、toe、woe”等等，这些词在拼写方面相互之间只相差一个字母，但词义完全不同，人们很容易把这些词混淆弄错，尤其是那些字母数不多的短词，由于这些短词音节不明显并且很多读音相近，所以语音法难以凑效；又由于这些短词的拼写结构简单缺乏内部字根构造，所以构词法对这些词也是束手无策，因而字母数少的短词更令人烦恼。

究竟有没有一种方法，能够有效避免常见短词的混淆并且能够有效提高对这些短词的记忆效率？答案是有的，笔者通过多年的研究，并运作电子计算机数据库技术对大量基础词汇进行了数亿次的词词比效运算，创造了一种实用有效的记忆方法，能够非常有效地解决上述的问题。

笔者把大量拼写只差一个字母的词汇集中在一起编成一个个记忆小组，并利用组内词汇的不同词义编成有意义的句子进行记忆，这种方法不仅能够有效避免混淆，而且大大提高了记忆的效率并加强了记忆的牢固度，例如把“doe、foe、joe、hoe、roe、toe、woe”编成“悲衷的乔锄了敌人的脚趾头得到了母鹿和鱼子”，这样您不是很容易便永远记住了这七个词了吗，本书正是基于这种思想，通过对18000多条英语基本单词进行了比对分析，完成了对大量近形易混词的编组和编句工作，力图让广大读者分享一种能够举一反三、事半功倍地牢记大量的基本单词的速记法。

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