下载文档原格式
新GREissue将题库分类的写作技巧
下面为大家介绍一种新GRE issue写作技巧：题库的.十字坐标定位法。
对于任何一道新GRE写作issue题来说，都可以根据它的出题方式和题材进行分类。
而目前的issue题库，按出题方式分类不外乎五大类;按照题材分为七大类。
任何一道issue题，按照出题方式分类，可以帮助我们迅速破题，按照每种类型固定的破题思路对题目进行解构，这样一来，写作提纲就可以很快完成了;按照题材分类，可以帮助我们迅速在已有的素材库中选择合适的例子作为论据，对题目进行进一步阐释。
这就象在一个坐标轴上，横轴为出题方式分类，纵轴为题材分类，拿到任意一道题，只要我们迅速判断这道题属于哪种出题方式和题材，就可以在坐标轴上定位到一点。
只要找到了这一点，该题的写作提纲，以及写作素材便可以立刻得到。
那么，一篇issue作文也就只是把写作提纲和素材结合在一起的过程。
这样，写作也就变得相当容易了。
下面我们以一道题为例：
In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
分析：这道题按出题方式分类属于建议类，按照题材分类属于教育类。
【新GREissue将题库分类的写作技巧】
1。
Issue Topics说明：1.我的分类是对在网上流行的分类题库做了一些小修改。
1)尽可能把相近的题目放在一起，所以题号不一样按顺序排列。
2)另外，我删除多次重复的题号。
3)国际类（International）的两道题，我做了移动。
NO.11 大学题，移至Education --> Education & SocietyNO.13 语言题，移至Politics --> Others2.标黑体的题目是孙远推荐的练习题。
3.高频题根据寄托天下最新机经（2006.3.2）整理，包括2005年及2006年3月的题目：2005年频率在20次以上（含20次）或2006年1月至3月频率在3次以上（含3次）。
频率标注分为两部分，前一部分指2005年2月－9月的频率，后一部分表示2006年1－3月的频率。
非高频的孙远题后面也列出频率统计。
4.欢迎指正。
Redhobor 2006/3/5No.1 StudyStudy Methods (2)28 "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."学生们只有在学习了有助于理解事实的思想、趋势和概念后才可能记住这些事实。
孤立学习事实是学不到东西的。
42 "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一个群体里工作，他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
6如10/125/148/31/63/67保护野生动物119是古建筑的保护19 Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.长远与急迫（政治）10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.31.Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities63 There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species67.Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.125 Some people claim that a nation's government should p reserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.148 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.保护的好处：1.balance of ecosystem&divisity of species:a stable ecosystem will eventually benefit humans 2.坏处：1.耗钱有的居于市郊阻碍城市扩张或规划，有的占地面积太大，分布太散，保护起来成本过高2.some species are unable to adapt to environmental changes 力所不及经济发展的好处：1.民生2人类社会的发展坏处：可能破坏环境合：两者并不矛盾，要权衡经济价值和生态价值选择合适的方式来保护eco-tourism 迁入动物园也并非不可119 When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.The expansion and modernization of cities are necessary for several reasons.firstly,more and more people from rural areas desire to immigrant to cities,since living in cities means more opportunity to make money,higher quality of living standards and so on.secondly.thirdly. However,when the expansion and modernization of cities conflict with the preservation of old buildings,the government will encounter a dilemma,one where old buildings prevent to some degree the development of cities.拆不拆需要慎重考虑。
抽象概念类127"Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions."position:partly agreeA. facts are subjective and stubborn no matter what we think about them.B. facts can be influenced by artificial factors such as our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.//新闻报道很容易被歪曲，可能是记者有自己的倾向性，或者由于自身专业知识不足。
C. people should respect facts, try to avoid distorting the facts.//在历史写作中，人们更应该秉笔直书，而不应该窜改历史。
-----------------1、在科学领域，物理现象：世界的存在、生命的孕育、成长和衰亡都是不可否认的事实。
2、历史领域，过去发生过的事情是无法改变的。
3、可是个人的认识程度不同，相同的事实也会有不同的感受。
//艺术学科等。
//新闻报道也容易受到人们的影响而被歪曲。
4、人们应该提高自己的认识能力，尊重事实。
172"Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time." position:basically agreeA. one's knowledge is developed day by day. What seemed right before may turn out to be wrong. thus the conflicts between newly discovered truths and people's original knowledge are inevitable.B. some truths are born at a time, the actual truths would be recognized as heterodoxy and be criticized violently.C. however, as society is much more democratic and people can more freely express their ideas, it is more and more common that some new truths comes peacefully.samples:人们认识世界有一个渐进的过程。
一、概括性陈述类：1、直接表明立场并给出论据进行阐述：942, 6-9, 11, 13-17, 20-22, 24-28, 30-34, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 55, 59-61, 63-68, 70-72, 74-76, 81, 84-89, 92-94, 96-104, 106-117, 119-127, 130, 132, 134-136,2、对概括性陈述进行解释后，表明立场并给出论据进行阐述：74, 32, 56, 58, 77, 79, 83,3、对概括性陈述的正确性或有效性进行判断，给出论据进行阐述：712, 18, 35, 38, 52, 57, 80,4、特殊问法类型：629: 进行解释后，判断是否值得遵循，同2类50: 判断是否是有效的方法，如果不是应该采取那些其他的方法？53: 从客户角度论述“用户友好”和“用户不友好”73: 判断是否是好的建议，给出论据进行阐述，同1类62, 82：同1类二、两类进行比较类：233, 5, 10, 19, 23, 37, 40, 43, 46, 48, 69, 78, 90, 95, 105, 118, 128, 129, 131, 133, 138-140,三、“是否”做某事类：21, 137***ISSUE题目专题分类***一、Environmental Protection & Energy Protection: 61、responsibility for preserving the natural environment: 13responsibility for preventing environmental damage: 472、the way to preserve environment: 413、the response to suspected environmental hazards:(1) in light of company: 42(2) in light of government: 924、energy protection and international corporation: 2二、Architecture: 41、architecture as the reflections of societal values and attitudes: 16, 83, 97,2、the historic value of older buildings: 78三、Mass media, Information, and Entertainment: 51、whether the growth of mass media is good or not: 1392、how to obtain the information efficiently and wisely: 1083、the restriction:(1) censorship of radio and TV programs: 1(2) regulate children's access to adult material on the internet: 154、whether popular entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests: 54四、Success: 101、the definition of success: 62、the elements of success:(1) education as the key to success: 12, 103(2) hard work as the key to success: 49(3) focusing on the task rather than the result: 293、how to succeed:(1) in light of person: setting goals: 52(2) in light of business: conformists or non-conformists: 814、the relation of success and personal failure: 115、the relation of professional success and personal sacrifices: 396、children's growth: self-discipline vs. self-esteem: 95五、Advertising: 61、advertisements as reflections of a nation's ideas: 322、advertising as influence art: 853、advertising: appeal to emotion vs. reason: 864、should school teach consumerism because businesses use high-quality advertising tosell low-quality products: 285、whether investment in high-quality advertising can sell almost any product and service: 446、do companies and organizations have right to contact potential customers and donors whenever and however they wish: 135六、Education: 91、what should our schools teach?(1) academic skills vs. ethical & social values: 23(2) science & technology vs. art & humanities: 37(3) specialized information & techniques vs. general approach to learning: 123(4) factual information & skills vs. ethics: 1362、educational method and system:(1) educational method: distance learning vs. traditional way: 99(2) educational system:①competition: 100②unity vs. diversity: 62③highly structured environment vs. relative freedom and spontaneity: 1403、after-school education: 126七、Automation & Technology: 41、the role of automation in our lives: 202、technology and adjusting to job obsolescence: 873、technology: separate people vs. bring people together: 1154、advancements in technology and business lead to better life: 112八、Studying history: 21、the importance of studying history: 432、studying history: a waste of time? : 89九、Advice: 31、giving advice to other people: 72、"following one's instincts." is good advice or not: 733、tell people what to do, never tell people how to do: 55十、Social Problems: 31、crimes(1) business' social duty regarding juvenile crimes: 59(2) how to stop serious crimes: 1272、the problems caused by cars: 102十一、Historical Sites and Archeological Treasures: 21、how to protect archeological treasures- remain in the country vs. export to other country: 1062、how to protect historical sites: restrict vs. free: 138十二、Learning Society & Measuring Nation's Value: 21、learning society: observing people's leisure time vs. observing their work time: 1312、measuring a nation's value: scientific achievement vs. business success: 105十三、About Government: 51、the relationship of company and government:(1) government as a necessary burden on business: 61(2) government should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations: 131 2、government's responsibility for art:(1) government's responsibility regarding the arts: 22(2) government provide funds only for the arts that reflect the values and attitudes of the majority: 1173、what should government increase spending on: 114十四、Bureaucracy: 21、government bureaucracy: 632、bureaucracy's impact in business and government: 46十五、About Human Beings: 151、what makes people impressed(1) restraint in the use of power: 4(2) rule-breaker: 742、what motivate people: self-interest and fear: 753、respecting one another's difference: 574、our saving and borrowing habits: 805、our role as citizens of the world: 40multinational corporations and global homogeneity: 656、accepting blame for hated actions and words: 887、loyalty to political parities and leaders hinders the people's ability to form their won opinion: 1198、people soon tire of the status quo: 1139、accepting or rejecting an idea: presentation vs. merit: 12210、the test for genius: 7711、immediate desires and long-term needs: 10412、man and woman:(1) meeting women's needs in workplace: 82(2) in business, men and women have learned how to share power effectively: 98十六、Relationship of Work and Personnel Life: 31、employee's personnel lives: as separate as possible from workplace: 92、should employees take work home with them: 303、how work affects our personal lives: 67十七、Leaders & Leadership: 51、power and influence: business vs. government: 242、earning respect as a leader: 333、the qualifications as a leader:(1) decision-making: 76(2) maintaining the highest ethical standards: 111(3) solving problems by simple, immediate solutions: 125十八、About Products: 51、process vs. products: 102、products liability: 663、ethical constraints in creating and marketing products: 704、informing customers about products and services: 845、manufacturing products that do not last can reduce costs and stimulate demand: 90十九、Business & Commerce: 41、the final objective of business: 582、the secret of business: 563、imposing limits on commercialism: 71improving practice unethical: refusal to buy vs. legislative action: 101二十、About Management and Business: 361、organization(1) hierarchical vs. flat: 3(2) the importance of a clear hierarchy: 142、company's goal and social duty:(1) making money vs. serving society: 18(2) profit vs. public welfare: 64, 118(3) ethical business conduct and maximizing profits: 453、recruitment:(1) hiring criteria for entry-level jobs: 19(2) accessing personality traits in hiring employees: 48(3) objective information vs. subjective interview: 1304、the factors of business:(1) location: still the key to business success: 26(2) job satisfaction and security: 27(3) short-term thinking as a business disease: 35(4) hiring capable people as a key business strategy: 25(5) is competition good for a business: 51(6) giving employees as much freedom as possible: 94(7) moving job frequently: 1245、how to improve the employee's efficiency:(1) rewarding employees: job performance and tenure: 21(2) responding to employee performance: 50(3) effects of employee incentives: 726、who are important in a company:(1) most valuable employees: efficiency vs. quality: 128(2) managers with strong leadership skills vs. managers with expertise and work experience: 133 7、the factors of efficiency:(1) workplace design and employee input: 68(2) formality in dress and behavior: 1218、the relationship of managers and employees:(1) employee's loyalty: 93(2) employees should not be asked to provide evaluation of their supervisor: 134personnel evaluation: multidirectional: 1109、teamwork and personal ability:(1) sharing decision-making: 5(2) teamwork vs. individual energy and commitment: 3610、the best way to assign work: 10711、advice of outside experts vs. advice of inside highly experienced employees: 12912、children employees: 9613、employees participate in profit-making decision: 11614、the privacy of employees:(1) access to personal information about employee: 60(2) employees should not have full access to their personal files: 10915、employees use email to express their opinions about the company: accept vs. prohibit: 137二十一、Others:1、monetary system: 82、financial gain as a factor in choosing a career: 313、time management and flexibility: 174、potential benefits of mandatory public services: 345、everyday courtesy as an endangered art: 386、user-friendly: 537、social skills as purchasable commodities: 79。
教育6 / 14 / 96 / 116 重点一82 / 97 / 100 / 124 重点二15 /20 / 32 /39 /98 / 129/ 135 / 136/140 重点三13 / 46 / 70 / 102 / 112 重点四3 / 35 /137/36/72 重点五40 / 47/90/103重点六24 / 29 / 5212 / 2517 / 6845 / 13851 / 7181 / 95 30 / 83 37、42、58、73、142学习/知识49 / 76/ 118 105/106 / 126 33/109 48/9254、131、143科学技术1、9、59、64、91、101、132行为875631/63/6779 / 14627、34、53、61、78、9366（难）对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。
141（难）信仰问题社会问题28 /85/94/ 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 /145/147 重点七8 / 111 / 149 重点八11 / 99 （难）个人行为不由自己决定，而由外界环境。
2、22/122 123/12819、21、43、62、13018（难）质疑权威26（难）奢华便利的生活阻碍人们变得强大和独立。
38（难）人们通过认同社会来定位自己。
144（难）个人成功的标准65（难）遵守公正的法律，违反不公正的89（难）法律与道德政治16/50 / 86 /114/ 115、139 重点八104/107 与其类似10 / 125 / 148 108/110 23、60、69文化41（难）个人的伟大应由后人还是同时代的人评定5/117、77传媒4（难）丑闻的作用44/75/84艺术55（难）艺术作品的价值何在80/88历史57（难）、74/133/134重点十历史研究的价值119一.教育6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
5,7,19,31,50,55,60,63-67,69,80-88,86-116-139,115,125,86-50-115-139 Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgement.1.听群众的：a。
人民的利益是政府官员首先要考虑的，官员们是为人民服务的。
他们是人民养的。
他们制定一切法律，行驶责任的目的都是为了更好的服务人民，让人民的生活更好。
B。
人民分布在国家的各个角落，能够更好的反应真实情况。
而officals因为职位的特殊性，没有时间和机会去真正的走进人民的生活，即使走进了，也不一定能够看到真实的一面。
比如一个官员要去一个district视察人民生活的情况，那个地方的负责人person in charge为了留下好印象，就将一些vagrant 赶出这个地方。
那么official就看不到真实情况了。
2.听政府的：a。
他们有专业的知识和技能，他们经过了专业的培训，经过了竞争，有头脑和判断的能力。
能够对整体的情况做好把握，分析利害关系然后坐出租正确的决策。
而群众的专业知识有限，很多时候只能看到表面现象，提议建议不专业，没有可行性。
B。
群众分布广，来自不同的地区和阶层，他们的提议只能反映自身的需求，不具有代表性，同时不同的区域和阶层的利益会有冲突，那么提议也就会有冲突。
所以如果听人民的就会造成混乱，不有助与社会稳定。
3.合：听取意见，再运用自己的知识。
63-67 There is little justification for a society to make extraordinary efforts----especially at a great cost in money and jobs---to save endangered animals or plant species.1.正：a.很多animals和plant是因为自然界的优胜劣汰，natural selection才会面临endanger的，他们由于不能够适应自然环境，不能够有效的being not able to reproduce，不能找到lack of food，或者由于predator而面临endanger，这些都是自然evolution的趋势，人不能够去人为的干涉，人不应该阻挡自然进程。
ISSUE分类目录ISSUE分类 (1)教育大类 (2)课程安排-----不同学科 (4)政治大类 (5)政府资助----物种、艺术、文化、科技 (5)领导道德 (8)其他 (9)科技大类 (10)科技与生活 (10)历史大类 (15)精英VS大众 (15)历史的价值----生活相关 (16)历史的价值----消除错觉 (17)历史建筑的作用 (18)艺术大类 (18)文化大类 (20)行为大类 (21)社会大类 (26)学习大类 (30)想象 (30)其他 (31)兴趣问题 (32)全球化 (33)传媒 (34)教育大类130 教育 1 5 教育VS社会130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."现在的孩子的社会化程度决定了社会的命运。
可惜的是，我们还没有学会如何教孩子去建设一个更好的社会104 教育9989 教育VS文化104"It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."一种文化要想保留它认为好的思想，消除它认为不好的思想，主要是通过正规的教育。
50 教育3 1 学术VS实践50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."为了提高大学的教学质量，所有大学教师都应该在于自己所教学相关的非学术性的职业里工作一段时间112 教育4039 感性 VS 理性112"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."一些教育机构强调培养学生的推理和逻辑思考能力，但是学生从教他们如何培养个人情操的教育系统中获益更多课程安排-----不同学科94 教育36103 不同学科94"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."大学应该要求学生学习本专业以外的课程，因为让学生们了解不同学科的知识才是教育的最佳方式。
主题：虽然学习不同的知识可能有助于从其他学科发现灵感，从而增进对自己学科的理解。
但是学习本身就是需要花费时间和精力的，所以，并不能要求所有的学生都去学习大量的知识。
1.诚然，学习不同学科之间的沟通可以促进对学科的理解。
通过学习其他学科的原理，可以吸收他们有利的因素，然后运用到对自己学科的理解之中。
比如说anatomy对 drawing的帮助，已经biology对chemistry的帮助。
2.但是，真正生活之中，并不是所有的人都有时间和精力去学别的学科的。
很多人比如说我在自己学科本身里面就已经很吃力了，更不用谈别的学科。
就算是历史上那些杰出的人物，他们也是在彻底了解自己本省学科后才学习其他一门或者几门。
3.此外，在大学环境里面，我们培养的不光是做研究的人才，还是面向社会服务的人。
如果过多的要求他们学习不同的知识的话，还会减少他们的社交活动，从而削弱了他们的社会能力，不能算的上是真正的教育。
4.如果硬是要找到一门可以把各个学科融合起来的教育方式的话，可以考虑教授一些研究科学和人类本质的学科，比如说哲学，数学等。
这些是其他一切学科的基础，不同学科都可以在这之中找到他们的prototype5 教育4559 不同学科5、"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习有国家统一制定的课程，而不是允许由国家不同地区的学校去决定课程的安排。
不同意虽然，要求所有的学生学习一样的课程，对于大学教育来说可能是好的。
大学里面来自不同地区的人可以有着相同的起点。
但是，这本身就是一个错觉，真正决定一个人基础的不光是教学的内容，主要还是一个人的表现。
并且不同地区，教育水平本身也不一样呢，我们不可能要求一个比较贫穷的地区给每个同学都安排一台电脑，好让他们学习基本电脑操作。
有些地区甚至一个学校都没有几台电脑可以办公的。
这些课就开展不了了。
其次，对于一些特长的学生需要区别对待。
更早的把时间用到发展他们的潜能比别的更重要。
政治大类政府资助----物种、艺术、文化、科技190 艺术3120 政府救助190"As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money."当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生活最基本的技能时，用来支持艺术的公众资源就显得很不合适了，或者其他潜在用途的对比下更显得残忍。
85 政治5235 政府救助85"Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts."政府对艺术的资助威胁着艺术的完整性121 政治3492 政府救助121"At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."在过去不同的时期，很多物种的灭绝都是自然因素造成的，而并非人为。
所以，我们现在花很大的人力物力去拯救濒临灭绝的物种是没有多少价值的。
83 政治7986 政府救助83"Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people."政府应该保护那些疆域范围内的偏远地区，尽管这些地区人烟稀少10 文化81106 政府救助10"Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持，因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中的得以保存和发展13 国际5164 政府救助13"Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."许多世界上鲜为人知的语言由于使用的人越来越少而逐渐消失。
使用这些语言的国家政府应该采取措施以防止这些语言灭绝69 政治1036 政府VS 科学研究69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development" 政府应该对科学研究和发展提供给予尽可能少的限制科学本身的目的就是探索未知的世界，未知的世界自然有一定的危险。
