高中英语独立主格结构精讲精炼2

高三英语独立主格知识精讲冀教版一. 教学内容：独立主格［教学过程］语法：独立主格一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语＋v-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。

如：〔1〕________no bus, we had to walk home. 〔A〕A.There beingB.BeingC.Having beenD.There was〔2〕_______no bus, we had to walk home. 〔B〕A.As there beingB.As there wasC. BeingD.There was〔3〕_______Sunday, the library doesn’t open. 〔C〕A.BeingB.There beingC.It beingD.Having been〔4〕______Sunday, the library doesn’t open.〔D〕A.As it beingB.BeingC.It isD.As it is2、逻辑主语＋v-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。

〔1〕_________, the train started. 〔A〕A.The signal givenB.Giving the signalC.The signal being givenD.The signal giving〔2〕__________, the train started. 〔D〕A.After having given the signalB.After the signal givenC.Giving the signalD.After the signal was given〔3〕______, the text became easier for us to learn.〔B〕A.Explaining new wordsB.New words explainedC.Being explained new wordsD.Having explained new words〔4〕____, the text became easier for us to learn.〔A〕A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new words3、逻辑主语＋形容词〔副词〕该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表〞结构。

英语：独立主格结构精讲精练I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。

II. 独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。

1、名词或代词主格+ 分词①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。

②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。

2、名词或代词主格+ 形容词①Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。

② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!3、名词或代词主格+ 不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。

4、名词或代词主格+ 介词短语① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。

② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。

5、名词或代词主格+ 副词① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。

高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

该结构不是句子，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。

独立主格内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing1. __________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2. _______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3. _______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4. ______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed1. _________, the train starte.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving2. __________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given3. _________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words4. ______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。

独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。

由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。

独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。

（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。

1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。

2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。

例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。

These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。

例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。

高中英语语法精讲独立主格结构独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是高中英语语法中的一个重要知识点，也是较为困惑和难以理解的一部分内容。

独立主格结构指的是由名词或代词与现在分词或过去分词构成的结构，它独立于主句的成分，但又与主句的动作、状态有一定的关系。

本文将详细介绍独立主格结构的定义、构成、用法以及常见错误。

一、独立主格结构的定义和构成1.定义：独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（称为主格）和一个现在分词或过去分词构成，并且在句子中独立存在，不与主句的其他成分构成谓语动词关系。

2.构成：独立主格结构由以下三部分组成：-名词或代词（主格）-现在分词或过去分词-结构补充成分（可能省略）例如：1) The sun having set, we decided to go home.（由于太阳已经下山，所以我们决定回家。

）2) Her homework finished, she went out to play.（她做完了作业，就出去玩了。

）3) The weather being so hot, we decided to go swimming.（由于天气太热，我们决定去游泳。

）二、独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构常用于下面几种情况：1.表示主句和从句发生的动作同时进行例如：- The teacher leaving the room, the students began to talk.（老师离开教室，学生们就开始聊天。

）2.表示原因、条件或时间例如：- The story being interesting, I couldn't help but read it all night.（由于这个故事很有趣，所以我忍不住整夜读完了它。

）3.表示伴随、结果或程度例如：- His hands trembling, he couldn't hold the cup steady.（他的手颤抖着，无法将杯子稳住。

高考英语语法应用讲解一、现在分词作状语在写作中的应用（一）现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，就用一般式：Ving例句1:Hearing the good news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个好消息，他们都高兴得跳起来。

可以用时间状语从句替换：When they heard the good news, they all jumped with joy.例句2：Standing on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.站在舞台上，紧张感油然而生。

可以用时间状语从句替换：When I stood on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.仿写练习：看着这些照片，往日记忆涌上心头。

1.用现在分词作时间状语：_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeing these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind2.When I saw these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时，用完成式：having doneeg:Having eaten her lunch, the girl rushed out.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.（先吃eat 后跑出rush out)Having thought about the present situation for a while, Roy decided to apologize to Jane .思考现状一会儿后，Roy 决定向Jane道歉。

高中英语语法精讲第八章独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。

但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。

其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。

一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。

（such an able man和to help you之间存在着主谓关系）= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。

（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。

（lost的逻辑主语是the key，lost也可以用完成式having been lost）= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A.不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

2022高中英语语法精炼-第八章独立主格结构一、动词独立主格结构“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。

在这种结构中，being往往能够被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。

A．逻辑主语+名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。

（the youngest 和a boy of 12之间省去了being）注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情形下一样不能省略，一是在“There being +名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情形下。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。

B．逻辑主语+形容词He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺忪地转向我。

（his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being）= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.He stood there, his mouth wide open.他站在那儿，嘴张得大大的。

（his mouth和wide open之间省去了being）= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.C．逻辑主语+副词School over, we all went home.放学了，我们都回家了。

（school和over之间省去了being）= School was over, and we all went home.He sat at his desk, his shoes off.他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。

独立主格结构●独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子。

其位置灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

●独立主格结构具有两个特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。

●独立主格结构类型：● 1.名词/代词+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）● 2.名词/代词+(being)+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）1.名词/代词+现在分词（doing）Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.=The winter comes,and it gets colder and colder.Time permitting,I will go with you.The girl looking at him,he didn’t know what to say.There being no bus,we had to walk home.2.名词/代词+过去分词He was listening carefully,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done,he went back home.=After the work was done,he went back home.More time given,we can finish the work.=If more time is given to us,we can finish the work.3.名词/代词+动词不定式（由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态）His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.Many trees to be planted,our school will look even more beautiful.4.名词/代词+形容词He came into the room,his face red with cold.She went to party,her clothes beautiful.5.名词/代词+副词The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off,we could not go on with the work.6.名词/代词+名词His first shot failure,he fired again.他第一枪没打中，又开了一枪A lot of people all over the world are fans of the smartphone,many of them Chinese.全世界很多人都是这款智能手机的粉丝，其中许多都是中国人。

独立主格结构精讲及练习三、独立主格结构独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。

在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语1.主格名词/代词+分词 (现在分词/过去分词）例句：The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．The storm drawing near在句中作：原因状语＝Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。

（call it a day 今天到此为止）例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

改写If time permits, I will go with you.2. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。

Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。

高中英语语法精讲第八章独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。

但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。

其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。

一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。

（such an able man和to help you之间存在着主谓关系）= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。

（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。

（lost的逻辑主语是the key，lost也可以用完成式having been lost）= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A.不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

语法直击：独立主格结构口诀：主语不一样，主谓不一致。

1)独立主格结构例：The baby began to cry afresh, his face very pale and his lips colorless.主语不一样：the baby, his face.主谓不一致：his face very pale. 完整句型应该为his face was very pale.例：Class over, all the students went out from the classroom.主语不一样：class, all the student.主谓不一致：class over. 完整句型应该为class is over.1）with复合独立主格结构口诀不变，分句前加上with.例：Last night he was so tired that he fell asleep, with the lamp burning.主语不一样：he, the camp.主谓不一致：the lamp burning. 完整句型应该为the lamp is burning.例：Frank stared at his friend, with his mouth open.主语不一样：Frank, his mouth主谓不一致：his mouth open.整句应该为his mouth was open.语法体现：The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.主语不一致：a large car, its headlight/its horn主谓不一致：its headlights on. 完整句应该为its headlights was on.应试难点：1)独立主格的作用2)独立主格的种类难点解析：1）独立主格的作用独立主格的使用范围非常的广泛，在需要表达时间，原因，条件，伴随等状语时，都可以使用独立主格结构。

英语独立主格结构讲练一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

(2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的用法它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。

(1)作时间状语The work done(=After the work ha d been done) , we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。

(2)作条件状语Weather permitting(＝If weather pe rmits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

(3)作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the profess or has to stay up late into the nigh t.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

(4)作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, with hi s headcovered by his hands .他躺在草地上，两手捂着头。

(5)表补充说明A hunter came in, his face red wi th cold(=and his face was red with cold) .一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。

注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

独立主格结构精讲一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构（absolute construction），由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。

在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。

具有以下特点：（1）在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。

（2）可置于句首，也可放在句尾。

（3）主要用于书面语。

（4）它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。

（5）be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。

二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中，独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系，在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。

此结构也可写成：名词或代词＋ being ＋名词，其中being是非谓语（系）动词，往往省略，但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时，being不能省略。

名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格形式。

①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon).他和这个贼打斗，一根棍子是他唯一的武器。

②He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具，他把整本书翻译成了英语。

③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.（句中的being不能省略）因为是星期天，我没有上课。

2.名词/主格代词+现在分词（表示主动含义和动作正在进行）名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。