第3题补充
3. 名词性从句中that和what的用法区别(转载)(2007-12-13 18:20:19)
名词性从句中that和what的用法区别
一．that 引导的名词性从句
首先，连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外，引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。例如：
① It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your
e-mail account.
② ---- Don’t you think it necessary that he go home at once?
---- but the problem is that there is no car.
③ There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
④ Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examination and that ten of us got
full mark.
以上四个句子中，that 分别引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和宾语从句，除在第四个例句中第一个that 可以省略外，其他的that 均不可省略。
其次，在引导名词性从句时，that不作句子中的任何成分。例如：
① Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the
airport.
What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法区别
What 和that 都可以引导名词性从句。
一．在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不（three nos）：
1．不省略（no ellipsis）
当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不省略。
Eg. 1) That he was able to come made us happy. (That 引导主语从句不可省略)
2)The truth is that I didn’t go there. (that引导表语从句不可省略)
3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引导同位语从句不可省略)
但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略，除下列两种情况外：
that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况.
(1). 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that， 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
Eg: 4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.（that不可以省略）
他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。
(2). 由连词and连接的两个由that引导 的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。
Eg: 5) He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.（第一个That可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。
2．不作成分（no component）
that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。
Eg. 6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of
龙源期刊网
名词性从句中which和what的特殊用法
作者：闫跃
来源：《高中生·高考指导》2015年第07期
一、失去疑问意义的限定词which引导名词性从句
which作为连接代词，用来引出一个名词性从句，并且通常保留其疑问意义。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. 我想知道你上的是哪所学校。（which引导宾语从句，有限定词的作用，含有疑问意义）
但是，作为连接词，which引导的名词性从句也有失去其疑问意义的情况，此时的which后面跟一个名词。它此时除了具有引导词和限定词的功能，还隐含了关系代词的作用，在结构上该which可以替换为the/any ... that，在意义上，表示“……的那一个/种”。
You may have which apple you like. 你可以随意挑选自己喜欢的苹果。
You may borrow which book you like. 你喜欢的书只管借。
Try which colour you prefer. 随便试试你喜欢的颜色。
这种具有关系代词性质的限定词which的强势说法是whichever，同样表示“……的那一个/种”的意义，用以明确指出多种可能中符合条件的那个。
We’ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。
I’ll use whichever remedy the vet recommends. 我将用兽医推荐的那一种疗法。
Customers will choose whichever product is cheaper. 顾客总会选择较便宜的那种产品。
1 What引导名词性从句的五种用法
what引导的名词性从句是名词性从句中较难理解和掌握的一类，其用法复杂，翻译灵活，往往是同学们学习的难点。从句法上讲，这类从句往往可以转换成“名词+定语从句”的形式，在翻译时通常可表达为“……的人或东西”、“……的数目或数量”、“……的时间或地方”等。本文拟对此作一归纳。
一、表示“……的东西”，相当于“the thing(things) that…….”。如:
1. What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will
take place in Beijing. (The thing that is known to us all is that the
2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijng .)对我们来说总所周知的一件事情就是2008年奥运会将在中国北京举行。
2. People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved
in the past ten years. (People in Chongqing are proud of the things that
they have achieved in the past ten years )
重庆人对他们在过去十年来所取得的成就而感到自豪。
3. What parents say and do has a life-
What we can't get seems better than what we have.
我们不能获得的东西似乎比我们手中已有的东西要好。
(可转换成:The things that we can't };et seem better than the things that
