中医专业英语课后术语汉译英练习全部

中医英语课后句子翻译2（含中文lesson11-lesson21）Lesson 111. 破坏人体相对平衡状态而引起的疾病的原因就是病因。

Etiology refers to the cause of diseases resulting from imbalance (between yin and yang) within the body.2. 六淫是风、寒、署、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪的总称。

The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, summer-heat , dampness, dryness,and fire.3. 风邪外袭多自皮毛肌肉而入，从而产生外风病症。

Exogenous pathogenic wind invades the body through the skin , hair and muscles , producing syndrome of exogenous wind.4. 由风邪引起的外感疾病一般多发病急，传病快。

The exogenous diseases caused pathogenic wind are characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission.5. 寒邪伤于肌表，郁遏卫阳，称为“伤寒”Pathogenic cold attacks the skin and muscles and lead to the stagnation of defensive-yang, which is called “cold damage”6. 内寒则是集体阳气不足，失却温煦的病理反应。

Endogenous cold is a pathological manifestation of insufficient yang qi failing to warm the body.7. 暑邪伤人多出现一系列阳热症状，如壮热、心烦、面赤、脉洪大等。

中医英文术语1. Acupuncture (针灸): A traditional Chinese medicine practice that involves inserting fine needles into specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of Qi (energy) and promote healing.2. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (中医): An ancient Chinese medical system that includes various practices such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, dietary therapy, and mind-body exercises. TCM is based on the principle of balancing Yin and Yang and improving the flow of Qi.3. Qi (气): The vital energy or life force that flows through pathways in the body, known as meridians, according to TCM. Maintaining the balanced flow of Qi is believed to be crucial for good health.4. Yin and Yang (阴阳): In TCM, Yin and Yang are opposing forces that need to be balanced for optimal health. Yin represents darkness, cold, and passivity, while Yang represents light, heat, and activity.5. Meridians (经络): The pathways through which Qi flows in the body according to TCM. There are twelve main meridians and eight extra meridians, each associated with different organs or body functions.6. Herbal Medicine (草药): The use of plants, minerals, and animal products to treat illnesses and restore balance in TCM. Herbal remedies are often prescribed in the form of tea, pills, or powders.7. Cupping (拔罐): A therapy in which glass or plastic cups are placed on the skin to create a vacuum, stimulating blood flow and relieving muscle tension. Cupping is often used for pain relief and promoting healing.8. Moxibustion (艾灸): A technique that involves burning dried mugwort herb (moxa) near the skin or on acupuncture points to warm and stimulate the flow of Qi. Moxibustion is commonly used to treat cold-related conditions.9. Tui Na (推拿): A form of Chinese therapeutic massage that involves various techniques such as kneading, pressing, and stretching to stimulate the flow of Qi and relieve pain or tension.10. Gua Sha (刮痧): A technique in which a blunt instrument, such as a special spoon or coin, is used to scrape the skin in order to promote blood circulation and alleviate pain or inflammation.11. Five Elements (五行): The concept in TCM that categorizes phenomena into five elements - Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Each element corresponds to certain organs, emotional characteristics, seasons, and other aspects of health.12. Pattern Differentiation (辨证论治): The TCM diagnostic method that involves analyzing a patient's symptoms and signs to determine the underlying pattern of disharmony in the body. Treatment is then tailored based on the specific pattern identified.13. Herbal Formulas (方剂): Specific combinations of herbs prescribed by TCM practitioners to address the individual pattern of disharmony. These formulas are often customized for each patient's unique needs.14. Dampness (湿): An imbalance in TCM characterized by excessive moisture or fluid accumulation in the body, which can cause symptoms such as bloating, fatigue, and heavy sensation.15. Heat (热): An excess of Yang energy in the body, leading to symptoms such as fever, thirst, inflammation, and restlessness. Heat can be caused by external factors or internal imbalances.。

中医的专业术语英文翻译大家在写中医论文时候常常遇到一些不容易翻译的词汇，yjbys 网整理了中医的专业术语英文翻译，方便大家写作。

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中国医药学：traditional Chinese medicine中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine临床经验:clinical experience辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation本草:materia medica //medicinal herbs中药Chinese herbs四气五味:four properties and five tastes针灸acupuncture and moxibustion各家学说theories of different schools汗法: diaphoresis /diaphoretic therapy下法:purgative therapy吐法:emetic therapy补土派:school of invigorating the earth病因学说:theory of etiology养生:health-cultivation医疗实践medical practice治疗原则:therapeutic principles寒凉药物:herbs of cold and cool nature滋阴降火:nourishing yin to lower fire瘀血致病:disease caused by blood stasis先天之精:congenital essence气的运动变化:movement and changes of qi。

中医的专业术语英文翻译中医的专业术语英文翻译大家在写中医论文时候常常遇到一些不容易翻译的词汇，yjbys网整理了中医的专业术语英文翻译，方便大家写作。

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中国医药学：traditional Chinese medicine中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine临床经验:clinical experience辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation本草:materia medica //medicinal herbs中药Chinese herbs四气五味:four properties and five tastes针灸acupuncture and moxibustion各家学说theories of different schools汗法: diaphoresis /diaphoretic therapy下法:purgative therapy吐法:emetic therapy补土派:school of invigorating the earth病因学说:theory of etiology养生:health-cultivation医疗实践medical practice治疗原则:therapeutic principles寒凉药物:herbs of cold and cool nature滋阴降火:nourishing yin to lower fire瘀血致病:disease caused by blood stasis先天之精:congenital essence气的运动变化:movement and changes of qi形与神俱:inseparability of the body and spirit神明: spirit/mental activity脏腑:zang-organs and fu-organs/viscera功能活动:functional activities形神统一:unity of the body and spirit阴阳失调:imbalance of yin and yang正邪相争:struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 治未病prevention of disease调养 to cultivate health正气 healthy qi病邪 pathogenic factor疾病的防治 prevention and treatment of disease整体观念 concept of holism五脏five zang-organs六腑six fu-organs经络系统system of meridians and collaterals形神统一unity of the body and spirit有机整体organic wholeness表里关系exterior and interior relation开窍opening into生长化收藏five element function脉象pulse conditions正邪关系the states of pathogenic factors and healthy qi自然现象natural phenomena哲学概念philosophical concept对立统一unity and opposites相互消长mutual waning and waxing阴阳属性nature of yin and yang相互转化mutual transformation相互联系interrelation相互制约mutual restraint动态平衡dynamic balance阴平阳秘yin and yang in equilibrium阳消阴长 yang waning and yin waxing阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang 阳胜则热 predominance of yang generating heat寒极生热 extreme cold generating heat热极生寒extreme heat generating cold相反相成 opposite and supplementary to each other生理功能physiological functions病理变化pathological changes临床诊断clinical diagnosis有机整体organic wholeness/entirety正邪斗争struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 绝对偏盛absolute predominance阳虚则寒yang deficiency leading to cold阳损及阴consumption of yang involving yin阴液不足insufficiency of yin-fluid病机pathogenesis五行学说theory of five elements运动变化motion and variation条达舒畅free development相生相克mutual generation and restriction生我我生to be generated and to generate克我我克to be restricted and to restrict生中有制restriction within generation克中有生generation within restriction木曰曲直Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally火曰炎上Fire is characterized by flaming up土曰稼穑Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping金曰从革Metal is characterized by change水曰润下Water is characterized by moistening anddownward flowing方位配五行correspondence of the directions to the five elements相乘相侮over-restriction and reverse restriction土乘木The wood over-restrains the earth土虚木乘 Earth deficiency leading to over-restriction by wood 金虚木侮metal deficiency leading to counter-restriction by wood生克制化interrelationship between generation and restriction制则生化restriction ensuring generation传变transmission of disease母病及子disease of the mother-organ affecting the child-organ子病犯母disease of the child-organ affecting the mother-organ肝肾精血不足insufficiency of kidney and liver essence and blood肝阳上亢hyperactivity of liver yang藏象学说 theory of visceral manifestations五脏六腑 five zang-organs and six fu-organs奇恒之府 extraordinary fu-organs水谷精微 cereal nutrients传化水谷 transmissions and transformation of food贮藏精气 storage of essence表里关系 interior and exterior relationship治疗效应 curative effect临床实践 clinical practice藏而不泻 storage without excretion心肝血虚deficiency of heart and liver blood心肝火旺exuberance of heart and liver fire心火亢盛exuberance of heart fire滋肾养肝nourishing the kidney and liver肝阴不足insufficiency of the liver yin温肾健脾warming the kidney and strengthening the spleen 肾阳式微declination of kidney yang脾阳不振inactivation of spleen yang肝旺脾虚hyperactivity of the liver and weakness of the spleen 脾胃虚弱weakness of the spleen and stomach平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach水湿停聚retention of water-dampness肾阴不足insufficiency of kidney yin心肾不交disharmony between the heart and kidney水火不济discordance between water and fire阴阳俱损simultaneous consumption of yin and yang阴阳两虚simultaneous deficiency of both yin and yang损其有余reducing excess补其不足supplementing insufficiency阴中求阳obtaining yang from yin虚寒证deficiency-cold syndrome扶阳益火strengthening yang to increasing fire祛风散寒eliminating wind to dispersing cold消导积滞promoting digestion and removing food retention 潜阳息风suppressing yang to quench wind阴阳的互根互用interdependence of yin and yang相互依存interdependence。

中医常用名词术语英译与中医保健知识（宣传）Commonly Used Terminologies of Chinese Medicine&Health Preservationof Chinese Medicine(Pamphlet)杭州市外文学会编印浙江中医药大学外国语学院By Hangzhou Association of ForeignLanguages and Literaturesand College of Foreign Languages,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University2010.10杭州市外文学会&浙江中医药大学外国语学院联合编制Compiled by Hangzhou Association of Foreign Languages and Literatures And College of ForeignLanguages, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University- 1 -内 容CONTENTS中医常用名词术语英译 2-12页 Commonly Used Terminologiesof Chinese Medicine Page 2-12中医的四季养生 13-19页 Health Preservation in FourSeasons Based on Chinese Medicine Page 13-19一天里的“四季”养生 20页 Health Preservationin Four-Season a Day Page 20杭州市外文学会&浙江中医药大学外国语学院联合编制Compiled by Hangzhou Association of Foreign Languages and Literatures And College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University- 2 -杭州市外文学会&浙江中医药大学外国语学院联合编制Compiled by Hangzhou Association of Foreign Languages and Literatures And College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University- 12 -杭州市外文学会&浙江中医药大学外国语学院联合编制Compiled by Hangzhou Association of Foreign Languages and Literatures And College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University- 13 -。

Unit 1：《黄帝内经》Hua ngdi’s Classic on Medicine// Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine《伤寒杂病论》Treatise on Cold-Induced and Miscellaneous Diseases《肘后备急方》A Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies《千金方》Invaluable Prescriptions《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica《诸病源候论》Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases《新修本草》Newly Compiled Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty《针灸甲乙经》The ABC Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion《素问》Plain Questions //Basic Questions《灵枢》Spiritual Pivot // Miraculous Pivot《五十二病方》Prescriptions for Fifty-two Ailments《本草》Treatise on Herbal Medicine《新修本草》Newly Compiled Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty《唐本草》The Tang-dynasty Materia Medica《胡本草》Tartar Herbal Medicine《脉经》The Pulse Classic湿症damp ailment / 湿证damp syndrome湿dampness挤压病区press on the affected area寒病cold diseases炎症感染inflammatory infection草药麻醉herbal anesthesia保持健康maintain wellness/ maintain health临床经验clinical experience民间医药folk medicine中西医结合integration/combination of TCM and Western medicineintegration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine (WHO世卫组织)integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (WFCMS世中联)各类预防措施various preventive measures预防伤寒病guard against typhoid第一本中国药典the first official Chinese pharmacopoeia在植物治疗学领域in the domain of phytotherapy精通草药研究versed in herbal medicine study从……而来的治疗方法remedies drawn from…著名中医大师renowned TCM masters/ successful TCM doctors他的植物治疗学领域的医学知识his medical knowledge in the realm of phytotherapy 医药管理与教学the administration and teaching of medicine当代中医药著作contemporary TCM works伤口感染的危险the risk of infection from woundsUnit 2:阴阳学说theory of yin and yang / the yin-yang theory阳中之阳yang within yang阴中之阳yang within yin身体上部the upper part of the body身体下部the lower part of the body内脏internal organs/ viscera疾病发展过程disease progression阴阳对立opposition of yin and yang恢复平衡的治疗手段treatment strategies to restore balance 体表superficial aspects of the body疾病治疗treatment of disease; disease treatment阴虚yin deficiency阳虚yang deficiency阳气yang qi卫气wei qi /defensive qi心情,心境state of mind阴性体质yin constitution阴液耗伤consumption of yin fluid虚证deficiency syndrome实证excess syndrome畏寒intolerance of cold蜷卧huddle up形寒肢冷cold limbs and body面色晄白 a pale / pale and bright complexion语声低微weak voice懒言disinclined to talk呼吸浅弱shallow, weak breathing恶寒aversion to cold体若燔炭hot limbs and body面色发红flushed face声音洪亮loud voice渴喜冷饮thirst with preference for cold drinks不渴喜热饮absence of thirst with preference for hot drinks 小便清长copious and clear urine小便短赤concentrated and dark urine / dark scanty urine 大便干燥dry stools大便溏泻loose stools舌红苔黄red tongue with yellow fur舌淡苔白pale tongue with white fur芤脉hollow pulse洪脉surging pulse阴阳对立opposition of yin and yang / yin-yang opposition阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang / interdependence between yin and yang阴阳消长waxing and waning of yin and yang阴阳转化yin-yang conversion; conversion/ transformation of yin and yang阴阳平衡yin-yang balance阴阳調和yin-yang harmonyUnit 3：生克乘侮：generating, controlling, over-acting, and insulting sequence;generation, restriction, over-whelming/ subjugation, reverse restriction肝藏血, 血舍魂。

中医英语课后句子翻译1（含中文lesson1-lesson10）Lesson 11.中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结TCM has a history of thousand of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2. 中医学有完整独立的理论体系。

TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生、发展和防治规律的一门科学。

TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of disease.4. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Internal Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.5. 《难经》在许多方面，尤其是在脉学上，补充了《皇帝内经》的不足。

Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Medicine in many respects,especially in pulse lore.6. 《诸病源侯论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。

Discussion on the causes and symptom of various diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptom ofdiseases in china.7. 阳常有余，阴常不足。

中医药常用名词术语英译1. 嘿，你知道“阴阳”在中医药里怎么英译不？“Yin - Yang”呀。

就好比白天和黑夜，一个是阳，一个是阴，它们相互对立又相互依存呢。

比如说，一个人身体太“阳”了，可能就容易上火，就像夏天太阳太猛，大地都干涸了。

2. 咱来聊聊“气”这个词的英译，“Qi”。

这“气”啊，就像身体里的小发动机。

我有个朋友，老是没精打采的，中医就说他“气”不足。

这“气”在身体里到处跑，推动着身体各个机能运转呢。

3. “经络”的英译是“Meridian”。

这经络就像身体里的高速公路网哦。

我上次去看中医，医生说经络不通会导致很多毛病。

就像高速公路堵了，车就没法顺畅地跑，身体里的气血也一样。

4. “穴位”的英语是“Acupoint”。

穴位就像身体上的一个个小开关。

有次我头疼，中医在我头上的一个穴位按了几下，哎呀，就像打开了止痛的开关一样，立马感觉好多了。

5. “中药”的英译是“Chinese materia medica”。

这中药可神奇啦，就像大自然赐给我们的医药宝藏。

我奶奶生病就爱喝中药，那些草药熬出来的汤，感觉就像把大自然的力量都喝进肚子里了。

6. 你了解“方剂”的英译吗？是“Prescription”。

方剂就像是一个医药团队。

比如说一个治疗感冒的方剂，里面有好几味中药，就像团队里不同的成员，各自发挥着作用，一起把感冒这个“敌人”打败。

7. “炮制”的英语是“Processing”。

这炮制就像给中药做一场精心的改造。

我见过中药师傅炮制药材，把原本普普通通的药材，经过各种工序，就像把一个灰姑娘变成公主一样，药效都变得更厉害了。

8. “辨证论治”的英译是“Treatment based on syndrome differentiation”。

这就像医生当侦探呢。

我去看中医，医生又是看舌头，又是把脉，然后判断我的“证”，再根据这个来治疗。

就像侦探根据线索破案一样精准。

9. “四气五味”的英语是“Four natures and five flavors”。

常见中医术语英文翻译及中文释义-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1郑州市管城中医院肿瘤科整理常见中医术语英文翻译及中文释义常见中医术语英文翻译及中文释义中医术语的中英文参考对照治则 principle of treatment 在对临床的具体立法、处方、用药等具有普遍的指导意义，因而在治疗疾病时必须遵循的基本原则。

治病求本 treatment aiming at its pathogenesis 针对产生疾病的根本原因进行治疗的原则。

急则治标 symptomatic treatment in acute condition 与缓则治本相对而言，在大出血、暴泻、剧痛等标症甚急的情况，及时救治标病。

缓则治本 radical treatment in chronic case 与急则治标相对而言，针对病势缓和、病情缓慢的情况，从本病的病机出发，采取调理、补益为主的治疗原则。

标本兼治 treating both manifestation and root cause of disease 针对病证出现的标本并重的情况，采用治标与治本相结合的治疗原则。

治未病 preventive treatment of disease 采取一定的措施防止疾病产生和发展的治疗原则，包括未病先防和既病防变两个方面。

同病异治 treating same disease with different methods 表现相同的病证，可因人、因时、因地的不同，或由于病情的发展、病机的变化、病型的各异、正邪消长等差异，采取不同治法的治疗原则。

异病同治 treating different diseases with same method 表现不同的病证，由于发病机理相同，采取相同治法的治疗原则。

因时制宜 treatment in accordance with seasonal conditions 考虑到时令气候寒热燥湿的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。

整体观念holism强调人体自身整体性并与外环境相统一的思想。

天气celestial qi充满于空中的气。

地气earth qi弥漫于大地的气。

气立establishment of generalqi人体之气正常运行，生理功能正常发挥。

天人相应correspondence of humanbody and naturalenvironment强调人对自然的依存与适应关系。

辨证论治treatment based onsyndrome differentiation 中医临床诊断治疗疾病的思维方法和过程。

通过四诊收集患者的病史、症状等临床资料，根据中医理论进行综合分析，分辨出证候，并拟定治疗方法。

也包括中医理论贯穿在预防与养生实践中的过程。

理法方药principle-method-recipe-medicines 将中医理论、诊法、治法在临床实践中综合应用的思维方法，涵盖诊治全过程的四个基本内容。

理，指中医理论；法，指诊法治法；方，指方剂；药，指药物。

即明确病因病机，确定预防措施或治则治法，组方遣药。

标本manifestation and rootcause 关于事物主次关系的相对概念，“本”指主要方面，“标”指次要方面。

如：在经络学说中，经络在四肢者为本，在头面、躯干者为标。

在病因病机学说中，从正气与邪气来说，人体正气是本，致病的邪气是标；从疾病本身来说，病因是本，症状是标；从原发病与继发病来说，旧病是本，新病是标。

医患关系中，病人是本，医生是标；在运气学说中，标本指标气与本气。

阴阳yin-yang阴气与阳气的合称，事物普遍存在的相互对立的两种属性，阴阳相反相成是事物发生、发展、变化的规律和根源。

阴阳学说yin-yang theory在阴阳概念基础上建立起来的中医学基本理论，认为阴阳对立统一、消长转化、相反相成的关系贯穿于自然与人体等一切事物之中，是人体生理和病理发生、发展、变化的根源及规律。

阳气yang qi事物及运动中具有外表的、向上的、亢盛的、轻清的、功能性的等具有阳属性的一面。

中医常用术语英文翻译[学科]中医①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinesephysician①中医学的简称。

②本学科专业职业队伍。

中药Chinesemateria medica在中医理论指导下应用的药物。

包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。

中医学traditionalChinese medicine以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。

中药学Chinese materiamedica中药学科的统称。

研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。

中医药traditionalChinese medicine and pharmacology本草:Materia medica中药:Chinese materiamedica，Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等)中草药:Chinese HerbalMedicine,Chinese medicinal herbs中药学:Chinese pharmaceutics药材:Medicinalsubstance(material)中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine中医基础理论basictheory of traditional Chinese medicine中医诊断学diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine方剂学prescriptions of Chinese materia medica，Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions中医内科学internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine [阴阳]The Theory of Yinand Yang阴阳对立:Opposition of yin andyang阴阳制约:Restriction of/between yin and yang阴阳互根:Interdependence ofyin and yang阴阳消长:Waxing and waning ofyin and yang阴阳转化:Inter-transformationof yin and yang[五行学说]The Theory of FiveElements五行:water，fire，wood，metal，soil生:promote, generate,engender克:act, restrict,restrain乘:overact,over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm 侮:counteract,counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel[整体观念]concept of organicwholeness辩证法dialectics生长化收藏sprouting, growth，transformation，ripening，storage内外环境统一性the unity betweenthe internal and external environments机体自身整体性the integrity of thebody itself古代唯物论和辩证法classic Chinesematerialism and dialectics 矛盾统一the contradictoryunity互相联系、相互影响related to each otherand influence each other标本Biao (secondaryaspect) and Ben (primary aspect)本质与现象nature and phenomena矛盾的普遍性和特殊性universality andspeciality of contradictions寒者热之Cold disease shouldbe treated by warm therapy热者寒之warm disease shouldbe treated by cold therapy虚者补之deficiency syndromeshould be treated by tonifying therapy实者泻之excess syndromeshould be treated by purgation therapy治病必求其本Treatment ofdiseases must concentrate on the root cause同病异治treatment ofthe same disease with different therapeutic methods异病同治treatment ofdifferent diseases with the same therapeutic method[精气神]清阳为天The lucid Yangascends to form the heaven浊阴为地The turbid Yindescends to constitute the earth气化Qitransformation升降出入ascending,descending, going out, coming in出入废则神机化灭，升降息则气立孤危。

Unit 1：《黄帝内经》Hua ngdi’s Classic on Medicine// Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine《伤寒杂病论》Treatise on Cold-Induced and Miscellaneous Diseases《肘后备急方》A Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies《千金方》Invaluable Prescriptions《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica《诸病源候论》Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases《新修本草》Newly Compiled Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty《针灸甲乙经》The ABC Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion《素问》Plain Questions //Basic Questions《灵枢》Spiritual Pivot // Miraculous Pivot《五十二病方》Prescriptions for Fifty-two Ailments《本草》Treatise on Herbal Medicine《新修本草》Newly Compiled Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty《唐本草》The Tang-dynasty Materia Medica《胡本草》Tartar Herbal Medicine《脉经》The Pulse Classic湿症damp ailment / 湿证damp syndrome湿dampness挤压病区press on the affected area寒病cold diseases炎症感染inflammatory infection草药麻醉herbal anesthesia保持健康maintain wellness/ maintain health临床经验clinical experience民间医药folk medicine中西医结合integration/combination of TCM and Western medicineintegration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine (WHO世卫组织)integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (WFCMS世中联)各类预防措施various preventive measures预防伤寒病guard against typhoid第一本中国药典the first official Chinese pharmacopoeia在植物治疗学领域in the domain of phytotherapy精通草药研究versed in herbal medicine study从……而来的治疗方法remedies drawn from…著名中医大师renowned TCM masters/ successful TCM doctors他的植物治疗学领域的医学知识his medical knowledge in the realm of phytotherapy 医药管理与教学the administration and teaching of medicine当代中医药著作contemporary TCM works伤口感染的危险the risk of infection from woundsUnit 2:阴阳学说theory of yin and yang / the yin-yang theory阳中之阳yang within yang阴中之阳yang within yin身体上部the upper part of the body身体下部the lower part of the body内脏internal organs/ viscera疾病发展过程disease progression阴阳对立opposition of yin and yang恢复平衡的治疗手段treatment strategies to restore balance 体表superficial aspects of the body疾病治疗treatment of disease; disease treatment阴虚yin deficiency阳虚yang deficiency阳气yang qi卫气wei qi /defensive qi心情,心境state of mind阴性体质yin constitution阴液耗伤consumption of yin fluid虚证deficiency syndrome实证excess syndrome畏寒intolerance of cold蜷卧huddle up形寒肢冷cold limbs and body面色晄白 a pale / pale and bright complexion语声低微weak voice懒言disinclined to talk呼吸浅弱shallow, weak breathing恶寒aversion to cold体若燔炭hot limbs and body面色发红flushed face声音洪亮loud voice渴喜冷饮thirst with preference for cold drinks不渴喜热饮absence of thirst with preference for hot drinks 小便清长copious and clear urine小便短赤concentrated and dark urine / dark scanty urine 大便干燥dry stools大便溏泻loose stools舌红苔黄red tongue with yellow fur舌淡苔白pale tongue with white fur芤脉hollow pulse洪脉surging pulse阴阳对立opposition of yin and yang / yin-yang opposition阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang / interdependence between yin and yang阴阳消长waxing and waning of yin and yang阴阳转化yin-yang conversion; conversion/ transformation of yin and yang阴阳平衡yin-yang balance阴阳調和yin-yang harmonyUnit 3：生克乘侮：generating, controlling, over-acting, and insulting sequence;generation, restriction, over-whelming/ subjugation, reverse restriction肝藏血, 血舍魂。

术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stasis1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholeness6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndromesuppressing yang and eliminating wind第四课术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.imbalance between water and fire术语翻译1.doctrine of visceral manifestations2.five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.extraordinary fu-organs4.nutrients of water and food5.transmitting and transforming water and food6.storing essence7.internal and external relationship8.therapeutic effects9.clinical practice10.storage without discharge11.discharge without storage12.physical build and various orifices13.(of five zang-organs) open into14.spirit and emotions15.the heart storing spirit16.the lung storing corporeal soul17.the liver storing ethereal soul18.the spleen storing consciousness19.the kidney storing will20.the luster manifesting upon the face第六课术语翻译1.the heart governing blood and vessels2.sufficiency of heart qi3.rosy complexion4.sufficiency of blood5.unsmooth vessels6.lusterless complexion7.thin and weak pulse8.the heart storing spirit9.sweat and blood sharing the same origin10.ascending, descending, going out and going in11.dispersion, purification and descent12.regulating water passage13.the spleen governing transportation and transformation14.nutrients of water and food15.stoppage of water and fluid16.acquired base of life17.regulating qi activity18.upward adverse flow of liver qi19.innate essence20.the kidney receiving qi一．术语翻译1.extraordinary fu-organs2.isolated fu-organ3.digest water and food4.anus5.remaining part of liver qi6.upper energizer7.separating the lucid from the turbid8.residue of foods9.The large intestine governs thin body fluid10.bile11.The small intestine governs thick body fluid12.primary digestion13.essential qi14.the seven important portals15.The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment16.discharge waste17.occurrence of menstruation18.epiglottis19.morphological hollowness20.transporting and transforming water and food第八课术语翻译1.innateness2.nutrients; refined substance3.blood circulation4.water metabolism5.way of qi movement6.ascending, descending, exiting and entering movements of qi7.normal function of qi activity8.primary motive force of life9.warming and nourishing the viscera10.qi of the viscera and meridians11.qi activity12.qi transformation13.innate qi14.acquired qi15.healthy qi16.pathogenic factors17.primordial qi18.thoracic qi19.nutritive qi20.defensive qi术语翻译1.qi promoting the production of blood2.qi promoting the flow of blood3.qi commanding blood4.blood carrying qi5.blood generating qi6.qi promoting the production of body fluid7.qi promoting the flow of body fluid8.qi commanding body fluid9.body fluid carrying qi10.body fluid generating qi11.body fluid and blood sharing the same origin12.exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid13.exhaustion of qi due to hemorrhage14.loss of qi due to profuse sweating15.Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood while stagnation of qi causes stagnation ofblood.16.Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.17.Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of body fluid while stagnation of qi causes stagnationof body fluid.18.nourishing qi to stop collapse19.Sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patients suffering from hemorrhage.20.Sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage.第十课术语翻译1.theory of meridians and collaterals2.system of meridians and collaterals3.transporting qi and blood to the whole body4.being connected with the viscera and limbs5.running routes6.twelve regular meridians7.the regions through or along which the meridians run and the order by which the meridiansare connected with each other8.(of a collateral) pertaining to a certain meridian9.eight extraordinary vessels (meridians)10.branches of the twelve regular meridians11.divergent collaterals12.skin divisions of the twelve regular meridians13.tendons of the twelve regular meridians14.qi of meridians15.syndrome differentiation of meridians and collaterals16.meridian conduction17.meridian manifestations18.blockage of meridians19.soothing meridians and activating collaterals20.collateral pricking and cupping therapy。

第一课1.中国医药学 traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.中医基础理论 basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.临床经验 clinical experience4.辨证论治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.杂病 miscellaneous diseases6.中药学 Chinese pharmacy7.四气五味 four properties and five tastes8.针灸 acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.古代中国哲学 classical Chinese philosophy10.汗法 sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.下法 purgation12.吐法 vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.补土派 the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.病因学 etiology15.方剂 prescription; formula16.医疗实践 medical practice17.治疗原则 therapeutic principles18.寒凉药物 herbs cold and cool in nature19.滋阴降火 nourishing yin and reducing fire20.瘀血致病 diseases caused by blood stasis第二课1.五脏 five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.六腑 six fu-organs3.经络系统 system of meridians and collaterals4.整体观念 holism5.有机整体 organic wholeness6.社会属性 social attribute7.开窍 (of the five zang-organs) open into8.生长化收藏 sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.诊断学 diagnostics10.邪正关系 relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.治疗学 therapeutics12.风寒感冒 common cold due to wind and cold13.同病异治 different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.异病同治 the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.水液代谢平衡 balance of water metabolism16.清心火 clearing away heart fire17.疾病本质 nature of disease18.以左治右 treating the left side for curing diseases located on the rightside19.从阴引阳 drawing yang from yin20.病在上者下取之 treating the lower part for curing diseases located on theupper part第三课1.哲学概念 philosophical concept2.相互转化 mutual transformation3.阴平阳秘 balance of yin and yang4.阴阳转化 transformation between yin and yang5.寒极生热 extreme cold turning into heat6.病理变化 pathological changes7.绝对偏盛 absolute predominance8.病机总纲 general rule of pathogenesis9.补其不足 supplementing what it lacks of10.祛风散寒 eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.相互消长 mutually inhibiting and promoting12.相互制约 mutually inhibiting and restraining13.相互依存 interdependence14.阴胜则阳病 excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.相反相成 contrary and supplementary to each other16.有机整体 organic whole17.阳损及阴 impairment of yang involving yin18.阴阳两虚 deficiency of both yin and yang19.虚寒证 deficiency cold syndrome20.潜阳熄风 suppressing yang and eliminating wind第四课1.五行学说 the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.条达舒畅 free development3.生我、我生 to be generated and to generate4.生中有制 restraint in generation5.木曰曲直 Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.土爰稼穑 Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.水曰润下 Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.相乘相侮 over restriction and counter-restriction9.土虚木乘 Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.生克制化 promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.母病及子 disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.肝肾精血不足 insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.心肝血虚 blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.心火亢盛 exuberant fire in the heart15.肝阴不足 insufficiency of liver yin16.肾阳式微 declination of kidney yang17.脾胃虚弱 weakness of the spleen and stomach18.平肝和胃 soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.肾阴不足 insufficiency of kidney yin20.水火不济 imbalance between water and fire第五课1.藏象学说 doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑 five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精微 nutrients of water and food5.传化水谷 transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气 storing essence7.表里关系 internal and external relationship8.治疗效应 therapeutic effects9.临床实践 clinical practice10.藏而不泻 storage without discharge11.泻而不藏 discharge without storage12.形体诸窍 physical build and various orifices13.开窍 (of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志 spirit and emotions15.心藏神 the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄 the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂 the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意 the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志 the kidney storing will20.其华在面 the luster manifesting upon the face第六课1.心主血脉 the heart governing blood and vessels2.心气充沛 sufficiency of heart qi3.面色红润 rosy complexion4.血液充盈 sufficiency of blood5.脉道不利 unsmooth vessels6.面色无华 lusterless complexion7.脉象细弱 thin and weak pulse8.心藏神 the heart storing spirit9.汗血同源 sweat and blood sharing the same origin10.升降出入 ascending, descending, going out and going in11.宣发肃降 dispersion, purification and descent12.通调水道 regulating water passage13.脾主运化 the spleen governing transportation and transformation14.水谷精微 nutrients of water and food15.水液停滞 stoppage of water and fluid16.后天之本 acquired base of life17.调畅气机 regulating qi activity18.肝气上逆 upward adverse flow of liver qi19.先天之精 innate essence20.肾主纳气 the kidney receiving qi第七课1.奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu-organs2.孤腑 isolated fu-organ3.腐熟水谷 digest water and food4.魄门 anus5.肝之余气 remaining part of liver qi6.上焦 upper energizer7.泌别清浊 separating the lucid from the turbid8.食物残渣 residue of foods9.大肠主津The large intestine governs thin body fluid10.精汁 bile11.小肠主液 The small intestine governs thick body fluid12.初步消化 primary digestion13.精气 essential qi14.七冲门 the seven important portals15.胆主决断 The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment16.排泄糟粕 discharge waste17.月经来潮 occurrence of menstruation18.吸门 epiglottis19.形态中空 morphological hollowness20.传化水谷 transporting and transforming water and food第八课1.先天禀赋 innateness2.精微物质 nutrients; refined substance3.血液运行 blood circulation4.水液代谢 water metabolism5.气的运动形式 way of qi movement6.气的升降出入运动 ascending, descending, exiting and entering movements ofqi7.气机调畅 normal function of qi activity8.生命的原动力 primary motive force of life9.温养脏腑 warming and nourishing the viscera10.脏腑经络之气 qi of the viscera and meridians11.气机 qi activity12.气化 qi transformation13.先天之气 innate qi14.后天之气 acquired qi15.正气 healthy qi16.邪气 pathogenic factors17.元气 primordial qi18.宗气 thoracic qi19.营气 nutritive qi20.卫气 defensive qi第九课1.气生血 qi promoting the production of blood2.气行血 qi promoting the flow of blood3.气摄血 qi commanding blood4.血载气 blood carrying qi5.血生气 blood generating qi6.气生津液 qi promoting the production of body fluid7.气行津液 qi promoting the flow of body fluid8.气摄津液 qi commanding body fluid9.津液载气 body fluid carrying qi10.津液生气 body fluid generating qi11.津血同源 body fluid and blood sharing the same origin12.气随液脱 exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid13.气随血脱 exhaustion of qi due to hemorrhage14.气随津泄 loss of qi due to profuse sweating15.气行则血行，气滞则血瘀 Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood whilestagnation of qi causes stagnation of blood.16.气为血帅，血为气母 Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.17.气行则水行，气滞则水滞 Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of body fluidwhile stagnation of qi causes stagnation of body fluid.18.益气固脱 nourishing qi to stop collapse19.亡血家不可发汗 Sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patientssuffering from hemorrhage.20.夺血者无汗 Sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage. 第十课1.经络学说 theory of meridians and collaterals2.经络系统 system of meridians and collaterals3.运行全身 transporting qi and blood to the whole body4.联络脏腑肢节 being connected with the viscera and limbs5.循行路线 running routes6.十二正经 twelve regular meridians7.循行部位和交接顺序 the regions through or along which the meridians run andthe order by which the meridians are connected with each other8.络属关系 (of a collateral) pertaining to a certain meridian9.奇经八脉 eight extraordinary vessels (meridians)10.十二经别 branches of the twelve regular meridians11.别络 divergent collaterals12.十二皮部 skin divisions of the twelve regular meridians13.十二经筋 tendons of the twelve regular meridians14.经络之气 qi of meridians15.经络辨证 syndrome differentiation of meridians and collaterals16.经络感传 meridian conduction17.经络现象 meridian manifestations18.经络阻滞 blockage of meridians19.舒经活络 oothing meridians and activating collaterals20.刺络拔罐 collateral pricking and cupping therapy第十一课1.外感六淫 six exogenous pathogenic factors2.饮食劳倦 improper diet and overstrain3.风寒感冒 common cold due to wind-cold4.湿热泄泻 diarrhea due to damp-heat/damp-heat diarrhea5.内生五邪 five endogenous pathogenic factors6.风邪外袭 pathogenic wind attacking the exterior7.游走性关节疼痛 migratory arthralgia/joint pain8.风为百病之长 wind being the leading pathogenic factor9.感受寒邪 attacked/invaded by pathogenic cold10.阳气衰退 decline of yang qi11.寒性凝滞 cold tending to stagnate by nature12.腠理闭塞 stagnation of interstitial space13.经脉拘急收引 spasm and contraction of muscles and tendons14.湿邪困脾 pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen15.脾阳不振 inactivation of spleen-yang16.阴虚生内热 production of endogenous heat due to yin deficiency17.热极生风 extreme heat producing wind18.七情内伤 internal impairment due to yin deficiency19.饮食不节 improper diet20.暴饮暴食 engorgement第十二课1.疾病的发生、发展与变化 occurrence, development, and changes of disease2.体质强弱 (body )constitutional state3.气血功能紊乱 dysfunction of qi and blood4.多种多样的病理变化 various pathological changes5.邪正盛衰 exuberance or decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi/strength contrast between pathogenic factors and healthy qi6.病症的虚实变化 deficiency or excess changes of disease /transformationbetween deficiency and excess during a disease7.人体的抗病能力the human body’ resistance against diseases8.五心烦热 feverish sensation over the five centers (palms, soles, and chest)9.虚实夹杂 deficiency complicated with excess10.疾病转归 turnover of disease/prognosis of disease11.阴阳偏盛 relative predominance of yin or yang12.五志过极 extreme changes of five emotions13.精气夺则虚 depletion of essence causing deficiency14.阴阳互损 mutual consumption of yin and yang15.真热假寒或假寒真热 true heat and false cold; false cold and true heat16.气机郁滞不畅 stagnation of qi activity17.津液代谢失常 disorder of fluid metabolism18.寒从中生 endogenous cold/ cold originating from the interior19.津伤化燥 fluid consumption producing dryness20.风气内动 stirring of endogenous wind/disturbance of endogenous wind第十三课1.神色形态 spirit, complexion, and physical conditions2.精神活动 mental activities3.精充气足 sufficient essence and abundant qi4.表情淡漠 apathetic facial expressions5.主色与客色 normal complexion and varied normal complexion6.四肢抽搐 convulsion of the limbs7.湿热动风 stirring of wind due to damp-heat8.邪毒内陷 interior sinking of pathogenic toxin9.肌肤甲错 scaly skin/ squamous and dry skin10.饥不欲食 hunger without appetite11.四诊合参 combined use of the four diagnostic methods12.面部表情 facial expressions13.预后良好 favorable prognosis14.精神不振 dispiritedness15.五色主病 five colors indicating diseases / diagnostic significance of fivecolors16.口眼歪斜 facial distortion17.虚火上炎 flaming of deficient fire18.大肠热结 retention of heat in the large intestine19.光剥舌 uncoated tongue/ mirror-like tongue20.脉象 pulse manifestations第十五课1.辨证论治 treatment with syndrome differentiation/ treatment according tosyndrome differentiation2.表里同病disease involving both exterior and interior/ simultaneousdisorder of exterior and interior3.寒热错杂 simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat/ mixture of cold and heat4.里邪出表 regression of interior pathogenic factors to the exterior5.真寒假热 true cold and false heat6.恶寒与恶热 aversion to cold and aversion to heat7.口淡不渴 tasteless sensation in the mouth without thirst8.寒邪郁而化热 transformation of stagnated pathogenic cold into heat9.外感表虚 exterior-deficiency syndrome due to exogenous pathogens10.五心烦热 feverish sensation over five centers11.病位与病性 location and nature of disease12.虚实夹杂 mixture of deficiency and excess/co-existence of deficiency andexcess13.表邪入里 invasion of exterior pathogenic factors into the interior14.寒证化热 cold syndrome transforming into heat syndrome15.真热假寒 true heat and false cold16.热证转寒 heat syndrome transforming into cold syndrome17.舌淡苔白而润滑 pale tongue with white, moist and slippery fur18.脉数无力 rapid and weak pulse19.潮热盗汗 tidal fever and night sweating20.神昏谵语 coma with delirium第十六课1.中草药 Chinese medicinal herbs2.四气五味 four properties and five flavors3.入药部分 the part used for medical purpose4.药物采集 collection of herbs5.炮制 processing of herbs6.清除杂质 eliminating impurity7.作用和缓 mild effect8.发散解表 relieving exterior syndrome by dispersion9.收敛固涩 astringing and checking10.软坚润下 lubricant purgation by softening hardness11.燥湿健脾 drying dampness to invigorate the spleen12.升降沉浮 ascending, descending, sinking and floating13.归经 channel tropism/channel distribution of medicines14.用药禁忌 medication contraindication15.药物用量 Dosage16.辛温解表药 pungent and warm herbs with the function of relieving exteriorsyndrome17.祛风湿药 herbs for expelling wind and dampness18.十八反、十九畏 eighteen incompatible herbs and nineteen herbs of mutualantagonism19.清热凉血药 herbs for clearing away heat and cooling blood20.祛痰止咳药 herbs for eliminating phlegm and stopping cough第十七课1.方剂学 Science of prescription2.配伍关系 Compatibility3.组成规律 prescription-formulating principle4.方剂的加减 modification of prescriptions5.剂型与剂量 drug form and dosage6.君臣佐使 monarch, minister, assistant and guide7.药物毒性 toxicity of medicinal herbs8.缓和药性 moderating the property of herbs9.引经报使 guiding action10.调和诸药 mediating all herbs in a prescription11.温经散寒 warming channels to dissipate cold12.宣肺平喘 dispersing lung to relieve asthma13.灵活化裁 flexible modification14.清散郁热 clearing away and dispersing stagnated heat15.随症加减 modification according to symptoms16.药物饮片 processed herbs17.内服散剂 power for oral taking18.外用膏剂 medicinal extract for external application19.开水冲服 mixed in boiled water for oral taking20.浓缩浸膏 condensed extract。

Unit1Test A1.differentiating syndromes and treatment 辨证论治2.syndrome differentiation with eight principles 八纲辨证3.location of diseases 病变部位4.tendency of pathological changes 病势5.external disease factors 外感病邪6.duration of a disease 病程7.aversion to cold 恶寒8.nasal congestion 鼻塞9.sore,itchy throat 喉痒咽痛10.penetrate from the superficial layers to the interior of the body 由表传里11.changes in tongue coating 舌苔变化12.cold limbs 四肢厥冷13.pallor/pale face 面色苍白14.clear and copious urine 小便清长15.absence of thirst 口不渴16.primary disease 原发病17.pale tongue with white coating 舌淡苔白18.malar flush 颧红19.struggle between the anti-pathogenic factors and pathogenic factors 正邪相争20.yang/yin depletion/collapse 亡阳/亡阴21.reduced appetite 食欲减退22.abdominal distention 腹部胀满23.qi transformation 气化24.pseudo-cold and real heat 真寒假热二句子翻译1.The clinical manifestations of diseases, though intricate, can be analyzed with the eight principles according to the category, location and nature of disease as well as the conflict between the anti-pathogenic factors and pathogenic factors.疾病的临床表现尽管错综复杂，但基本上都可以用八纲从疾病的类别、病性、邪正盛衰方面进行分析。