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(完整版)从词义的轻重辨析词语

(完整版)从词义的轻重辨析词语
(完整版)从词义的轻重辨析词语

从词义的轻重辨析词语

有的近义词之间基本意义相近,但是词义程度的轻重有所不同。一般来说,词义的轻重主要是意义相近的动词、形容词表现出来的差别,有的词语适用于比较重要的、较大的事物,有的则适用于一般性的事物;有的表示的程度深、性质重,有的则表示的程度浅、性质浅,这就是词义的轻重。

例如:

妨碍与妨害

例1.这么晚了还放录音机,会别人休息的。

例2.在瓜果蔬菜上喷洒农药,会人们的健康。

解析:“妨碍”指对人或事造成一定的障碍,词义较轻;“妨害”使人或事物受到损害,词义较重。

相信信任信赖

例3、但是,他仍然人们是好的。

例4、他永远是一个能以生命相托的最值得的同志

例5、共产党是给他们指出前进道路的可以的灯塔。

解析:“相信”词义较轻;“信任”词义较重;“信赖”词义最重。

例题:

1.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是:

①要把那些党纪国法,敢于顶风作案的领导干部,交司法部门处理,尤其不能以纪律处分代替法律制裁。

②坚决依法惩办,绝不。

A.违反宽贷B.违犯宽贷C.违犯宽待D.违反宽待

【答案】B

【解析】“违反”指不遵守、不符合法规、规程;“违犯”指违背和触犯法规,词义比“违反”重。由“党纪国法”可知,①句选“违犯”。“宽待”指宽大地对待;“宽贷”指宽恕、饶恕,词义比前者重。由“依法惩办”可知,“宽贷”符合句意。所以本题选B。

2.随着广播、电视和报纸等大众传媒进入千家万户、覆盖城乡,其对社会舆论的影响力扩大,越来越成为广大群众的主要信息来源,在很大程度上着社会舆论。

填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是:

A.日益影响B.逐步控制

C.渐渐干扰D.不断引领

【答案】A

【解析】根据“很大程度上”可知,该影响力扩大的速度快,“逐步”和“渐渐”语义过轻。“影响”指对别人的思想或行动起作用;“引领”指带领某一个事物的发展,词义范围比前者小。因此“影响”符合语境。所以本题选A。

3.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是:

①谁有这本书,我希望不要它。

②剩下的帝国主义的经济事业和文化事业,可以让它们暂时存在,由我们加以监督和,以待全国胜利后再去解决。

③为了躲避敌人的搜捕,她成一个阔太太,打扮得珠光宝气。

A.轻视管制化装B.轻视管理化妆

C.鄙视管理化妆D.鄙视管制化装

【答案】A

【解析】“轻视”指小看,词义较轻;“鄙视”指极端轻视,词义较重。结合①句语境“书”,应选“轻视”。“管制”指强制性管理,使对方服从,词义比“管理”重。“管制”更贴合②句语境。“化妆”指只用化妆品,限于面部,使容貌美丽;“化装”指假扮或改换形象,化妆品和服饰都用,用于整个身体。由“为了躲避敌人的搜捕”可知应选“化装”。所以本题选A。

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从词义的轻重辨析词语 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

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