英语构词法讲解及专项练习
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高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1<背景文章>Prefixes are an important part of English word formation. A prefix is a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. For example, the prefix "un-" means "not." So, "happy" becomes "unhappy" which means not happy. Prefixes can also change the part of speech of a word. For instance, the prefix "re-" can turn a verb into another verb with the meaning of "again." As in "build" and "rebuild." There are many common prefixes in English such as "pre-," "post-," "mis-," "dis-," and "over-." Each prefix has its own specific meaning and usage. Prefixes help us expand our vocabulary and understand the meanings of words more easily.1. The prefix "pre-" means ______.A. afterB. beforeC. wrongD. again答案:B。
英语构词法讲解及相关练习⾼中英语构词法讲解与练习在英语中,词的构成⽅式主要有三种:派⽣、合成、和转化。
⼀、派⽣Derivation注意:-ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词,⼜可以构成形容词。
⽅式:1. 直接写在⼀起。
2. ⽤连字符(-)连接。
3. 由两个分开的词构成。
(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything,三、转化Conversion: 指⼀个词不变化词形,⽽由⼀种此类转化为另⼀种词类或⼏种词类。
1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜⼦——像镜⼦⼀样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录⾳——记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前⾯——前⾯的4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——⾸领巩固练习Ⅰ⽤适当的形式填空。
1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)2. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! (happy)4. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent)6. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. (foreign)7. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)8. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple)9. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate)10. Thank you for your _________. (kind)11When in Rome, do as the _____ do. (Rome)12. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)Ⅱ.单选1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged4.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates. A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely5.To everyone’s ________,the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction6.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A. 600 words;a 600-wordsB. 600-word;a 600-wordsC. 600 words;a 600-wordD. 600 words;a 600-words7. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence8. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD. headache9.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional10. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A. practiceB. practiceC. practicalD. practiced11. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter12. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken13. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.A. foolish;foolishly;foolB. fool;foolish;foolC. foolish;fool;foolD. foolishly;foolish;fool14. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.15. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced16. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by17.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthier18.________ speaking,I di dn’t do it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. DishonestⅢ.根据上下⽂语境和提⽰的⾸字母,在划线处写出⼀个合适的词。
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题带答案1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. “blackboard” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案:B。
解析:“blackboard”是由“black”(黑色)和“board”(板)两个独立的词组合而成的复合词(compound word)。
A 选项composite word 一般指合成词,范围比较宽泛;C 选项blended word 指混合词,是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词;D 选项derived word 是派生词,通过加前缀或后缀形成。
2.The football player is very strong. “football” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案:B。
解析:“football”是由“foot”(脚)和“ball”(球)两个词组合而成的复合词。
A 选项composite word 一般指合成词,范围比较宽泛;C 选项blended word 指混合词,是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词;D 选项derived word 是派生词,通过加前缀或后缀形成。
3.The bookcase is made of wood. “bookcase” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案:B。
解析:“bookcase”是由“book”(书)和“case”(箱子)两个词组合而成的复合词。
A 选项composite word 一般指合成词,范围比较宽泛;C 选项blended word 指混合词,是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词;D 选项derived word 是派生词,通过加前缀或后缀形成。
Chapter 4 Word FormationPart I:知识要点The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.Not all the words that are produced by applying the rules are acceptable.Rules only provide a constant set of models from which new words are created from day to day.现代英语词汇的扩充主要依靠构词法。
并不是所有应用规则产生的单词都是可接受的。
规则只提供了一组固定的模型,从这些模型中可以日复一日地创建新单词。
Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes.affixation 30%-40%,compounding 28%-30%,conversion 26%,shortening 8%-10% ,(clipping and acronymy) blending and others 1%-5%1.AffixationAffixation (也叫Derivation):the formation of words by adding word forming or derivational affixes to stems. ( derivative 派生词)According to their position,affixation falls into:prefixation (前缀法)and suffixation (后缀法). I.l. Prefixation ----------- t he formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Itdoes not change the word-class of the stem but change its meaning.通过在词干上加前缀来形成新词。
2011中考英语构词法汇总及练习一一.概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如:①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
例如:①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如:Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。
人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析1. The word “unhappy” is formed by adding the prefix “un - ” to the word “happy”. Which of the following words is also formed in this way?A. reuseB. disappearC. unkindD. rewrite答案解析:C。
选项A“reuse”是由前缀“re - ”加上“use”构成,表示“再利用”,是“re - ”( 再、又)这个前缀的构词法。
选项B“disappear”是由前缀“dis - ”加上“appear”构成,表示“消失”,是“dis - ”(否定、相反)这个前缀的构词法。
选项C“unkind”是由前缀“un - ”加上“kind”构成,和“unhappy”一样,“un - ”表示否定,“unkind”意为“不友善的”,符合题意。
选项D“rewrite”是由前缀“re - ”加上“write”构成,表示“重写”,是“re - ”的构词法。
2. We know that “recycle” means to treat things so that they can be used again. Which word has the same prefix as “recycle”?A. untrueB. remarryC. dislikeD. unable答案解析:B。
选项A“untrue”的前缀是“un - ”,表示否定,意为“不真实的”。
选项B“remarry”的前缀是“re - ”,和“recycle”的前缀一样,“re - ”表示“再、又”,“remarry”意为“再婚”。
选项C“dislike”的前缀是“dis - ”,表示否定、相反,意为“不喜欢”。
选项D“unable”的前缀是“un - ”,表示否定,意为“不能的”。
高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如:Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如:Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位,如:Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。
如:We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如:Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下,如:The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
中考英语构词法专项解析和考点精练英语中最基本的构词法有三种:派生、合成和转化。
另外,缩写和简写也是构词发的一种。
一、派生法派生法是给一个单词(词根)加上前缀或后缀,构成一个新单词的构词法。
前缀:加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀,它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变词义。
后缀:加在词根后面的的构成部分叫后缀,它一般改变原词的词性,同时也改变词义。
(一) 前缀1. anti- 反对 antiwar 反战的(the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争)antisocial 反社会的2. bi- 双 bicycle 自行车3. co- 共同 cooperation 合作 coworker 同事4. dis- 否定 discover 发现 disbelief 不相信,怀疑disabled 残疾的,有缺陷的 dislike 不喜欢,厌恶5.en- 使成为 encourage 鼓励 enable 使能够 enrich 使丰富6.fore- 先;前;预 forecast 预报(weather forecast 天气预报)forehead 前额;前部 forearm 前臂、7.for- 禁;弃 forbid 禁止(Forbidden City 紫禁城) forgive 原谅;饶恕forget 忘记8. inter- 互相;间 internet 互谅网 international 国际的 interview 会见9. mid- 中 midday 中午 midnight 半夜 mid-autumn 中秋的10. mis- 误 misunderstand 误会 mistake 错误 misfortune 不辛11. re- 重;复 rewrite 重写 retell 复述 review 复习12. super- 超 supermarket 超级市场 superman 超人13. tele- 远 telephone 电话 television 电视14. un- 不 unable 不能的 unimportant 不重要的unbelievable 不可相信的;令人难以置信的(二) 后缀1. -an 人 African 非洲人 American 美国人 Italian 意大利人2. –er 人 worker 工人 teacher 教师 writer 作家3. –ful 充满 peaceful 和平的 careful 小心的4. -hood 身份 childhood 童年 neighborhood 邻里5. –ian 人 musician 音乐家 Canadian 加拿大人 Indian 印度人6. –ment 运动;结果 development 发展 movement 运动7. -ly 的;品质 friendly 有好的 weekly 每周的8. -ness 性质 kindness 和善 carelessness 粗心 illness 疾病9. –ship 身份;状态 friendship 友谊 hardship 苦难10. -less 无 useless 无用的 careless 不小心的 homeless 无家可归的11. -tion 状态 action 行动 pollution 污染12. -ity (抽象名词) ability 能力 possibility 可能性13. -sion 状态 decision 决定 discussion 讨论14. –ist 家 artist 艺术节 pianist 钢琴家scientist 科学家 dentist 牙科医生二、合成法合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。
英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习(附答案)构成名词常用的后缀(共有15种方法)1. --- ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾,该y为i再加nesshappy(快乐的)----happiness(快乐)clever(聪明的)---- cleverness(聪明)kind(善良的)----kindness(善良) polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼貌)2. ---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再加ityReal(真实的)----reality(现实) popular(受欢迎的)-----popularity(受欢迎)pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净) Possible(可能的)---- possibility(可能)probable(大概)---- probability(大概的)3.---ence e nt结尾的形容词变成名词改为enceabsent(缺席的)---- absence(缺席) different (不同的)-------difference(不同)excellent(优秀的)-----excellence(优秀) patient(耐心的)----- patience(耐心)4.--- ance/ancy带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后缀。
例如:distant(遥远的)--distance(远处) important(重要的)---- importance(重要)accept(接受)---acceptance(接受)disappear(消失)---disappearance(消失)5.---ment 动词+ment变成名词develop(发展)---development(发展) enjoy(喜爱)----enjoyment(喜爱)amaze(使惊奇)-----amazement(惊奇) excite(使激动)----excitement(激动)argue(争论)---argument(争论) judge(判断)----judgment(判决)6.--- ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词collect(收集)----collection(收集) select(选择)----selection(选择)act(行动)----action(行动) inspect(检查)----inspection(检查)7.---ion 以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时,可以直接在其后加-ionexpress(表达)----expression(表达) Discuss(讨论)------discussion(讨论)impress(使.....留下印象)-----impression(印象)8 .ation以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时,应该去掉不发音的e再加ioneducate(教育)----education(教育) liberate(解放)--- liberation(解放)translate(翻译) - translation(翻译) graduate(毕业)-----graduation(毕业)9.tion以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时,通常的做法是先将e改成a然后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei 会使这个词读起来上口)admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕) recite(背诵)----- recitation(背诵)prepare(准备)----preparation(准备) invite(邀请)-----invitation(邀请)10 ---sion以de结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,去掉字母组合de再加上siondecide(决定)----decision((决定) divide(分开)-----division(分开)provide(提供)----provision(提供) conclude(推断)-conclusion(推论)11. ---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,先将词尾t,然后再加-ssionadmit(准许)----admission(入场费)permit(许可)----permission(允许)12. ---hoodchild(孩子)----childhood(孩童时期) neighbour(邻居)----neighbourhood(邻居关系)mother(母亲)----motherhood(母亲的身份) brother(兄弟)---brotherhood(兄弟关系) 13.---shipfriend(朋友)---friendship(友谊) relation(关系)--relationship(关系)scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者) citizen(公民)-----citizenship(公民身份)14.---ingfeel(感到,摸)---feeling(感觉) build(建设)---building(建筑物)meet(集合)-----meeting(会议) hear(听)----hearing(听力)15.---thdeep(深的)----depth(深度) wide(宽的)----width(宽度)long(长的)----length(长度) strong(强大的)----strength(力量,强度)一、将下列动词转换为名词。
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. What's the meaning of "blackboard"?black+boardA.black 黑色的,board 木板,合成词“blackboard”意为黑板。
2.The classroom is very bright. What's the meaning of "classroom"?class+roomA.class 班级、课,room 房间,合成词“classroom”意为教室。
3.The schoolbag is heavy. What's the meaning of "schoolbag"?school+bagA.school 学校,bag 包,合成词“schoolbag”意为书包。
4.The football field is very large. What's the meaning of "football"?foot+ballA.foot 脚,ball 球,合成词“football”意为足球。
5.The playground is full of students. What's the meaning of "playground"?play+groundA.play 玩,ground 地面,合成词“playground”意为操场。
6.The notebook is on the desk. What's the meaning of "notebook"?note+bookA.note 笔记,book 书,合成词“notebook”意为笔记本。
7.The pencil case is very beautiful. What's the meaning of "pencilcase"?pencil+caseA.pencil 铅笔,case 盒子,合成词“pencil case”意为铅笔盒。
2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。
词性的转换有两种方法:转化法和缀合法(派生法)。
一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法,即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类,后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法,一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。
转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。
转化法主要分为如下四种类型:1. 动词转化为名词。
多用来表示一次性动作,或与动作相关的事物。
①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。
answer原为动词“回答”。
2. 名词转化为动词。
这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关,也是修辞。
例如:①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。
wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。
nurse.原为名词“护士”。
3. 形容词转化为动词。
①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。
black 原为形容1 / 16词“黑色的”。
②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。
empty原为形容词“空的”。
4. 形容词转化为名词。
即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。
例如:①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色(的)。
red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.人勤劳而勇敢。
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. What's the meaning of “blackboard”?A.blackB.boardC.black and boardD.none of the above答案:C。
“blackboard”是由“black(黑色的)”和“board(木板)”合成的合成词,表示“黑板”。
A 选项只是“黑色的”;B 选项只是“木板”;D 选项错误。
2.The playground is very large. What's the meaning of “playground”?A.playB.groundC.play and groundD.none of the above答案:C。
“playground”是由“play( 玩耍)”和“ground( 地面)”合成的合成词,表示“操场”。
A 选项只是“玩耍”;B 选项只是“地面”;D 选项错误。
3.The football player is very strong. What's the meaning of “football”?A.footB.ballC.foot and ballD.none of the above答案:C。
“football”是由“foot 脚)”和“ball 球)”合成的合成词,表示“足球”。
A 选项只是“脚”;B 选项只是“球”;D 选项错误。
4.The classroom is clean and tidy. What's the meaning of “classroom”?A.classB.roomC.class and roomD.none of the above答案:C。
“classroom”是由“class( 班级、课)”和“room( 房间)”合成的合成词,表示“教室”。
构词法WordFormation
在英语中,词的构成方式主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。
一、合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式:1.直接写在一起。
2.用连字符(-)连接。
3.由两个分开的词构成。
(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,
二、派生Derivation
三、转化Conversion:指一个词不变化词形,而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。
1.名词和动词之间的转化
telephone电话——打电话,mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映,drink喝——饮料,record录音——记录,name,date,hand,study,
2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善
3.名词转化为形容词(副词)front前面——前面的
4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的——首领
语法填空之构词法专项练习
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12.Thebigearthquakemadethousandsofpeople________(home).
13.I'mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy________(person)information.
14.Tohis______(puzzle),hissonwas___(happy)hammeringdents(凹痕)intotheshinypaintofthetruck.
15.WhileyourIQtellsyouhow______(intelligence)youare,……
16.Dietandexerciseare__________(equal)important.
17.Ifeltagreatsenseof___________(achieve)whenIreachedthetopofthemountain.
18.ThepolicesuccessfullyarrestedRichardMatt,whowasoneofthecountry’
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(foreign)?
27.?We?want?_________?reasons?for?your?failure?to?help.?(satisfy)?
28.?The?doctor?said?that?Mary’s?mo ther?needed?an?_______.(operate)?
29.?The?teacher?was?pleased?with?her?_______.?(honest)?
30.?The?police?have?_______?a?plot?against?the?President.?(cover)。