高级英语(3)

福师《高级英语(三)》在线作业一试卷总分：100 测试时间：--单选题包括本科的各校各科新学期复习资料，可以联系屏幕右上的“文档贡献者”一、单选题（共50 道试题，共100 分。

）V 1. The Olympic Committee has drawn upstrict rules for the athlete to____.A. go onB. go withC. go withoutD. go by满分：2 分2. The chancellor____the fact that he was the centre of criticismand stuck to his reforms.A. dischargedB. disregardedC. disguisedD. disposed满分：2 分3.Great Britain and France will hold a____regarding some European economic problems.A.conferenceB. referenceC. conversionD. cooperation满分：2 分4. The unpleasant taste ( )in his mouth for hours .A. lingeredB. prolongedC. restedD. vanished满分：2 分5. The tragic ending of the novel can bring ( ).A. your eyes totearsB. tears to your eyesC. your eye to tearD. tear to your eye满分：2 分6. Violence in the local prison has ( ) two lives.A. removedB. takenC. costD. slaughtered满分：2 分7. Jimmy is only a second rate tennis player ,but he isalways____how well he plays .A. blowingB. fresheningC. boastingD. dictating满分：2 分8. She always dreamed of an ( ) job even when she was ten years old.A. idealB. indirectC. absoluteD. aid满分：2 分9. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production ( ).A. facilitiesB. hensC. votesD. artists满分：2 分10. The historical events of that period are arranged ( ).A. in alphabetical orderB. in an alphabetical orderC. in the alphabetical ordersD. in alphabetical orders满分：2 分11. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production ____.A. facilitiesB. hensC. votesD. artists满分：2 分12. What she achieved in her research might ( ) what she had been expecting.A. exceedB. exclaimC. excessD. extend满分：2 分13. Dr. Bethune began to work the ( ) he arrived at the front.A. momentB. placeC. wayD. reason满分：2 分14. The end ( ) the means . This saying implies even a wrong or unfair method may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good.A. modifiesB. justifiesC. purifiesD. testifies满分：2 分15. The noisy was so____that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.A. dimB. gentleC. faintD. definite满分：2 分16. I just managed to ( ) a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boat.A. gainB. possessC. grabD. snatch满分：2 分17. As a chairman for nearly ten years, Professor Smith has never_______ to anything dishonest.A. beardB. attachedC. grantedD. kept满分：2 分18. When making modern cameras , people began to ( ) plastics for metalA. surroundB. substanceC. stretchD. substitute满分：2 分19. In Nearly any country, there always exists a ( ) gap betweenthe old and the young.A. generationB. helicopterC. noticeableD. ounce满分：2 分20. He’ll always be ( ) to you for what you’ve done.A. peacefulB. secureC. gratefulD. companion满分：2 分21. He works in our university as a visiting ( ), not as a formal faculty member.A. traditionalB. scholarC. nurseD. pilot满分：2 分22. We may be able to ( ) you in some way if you can not finish your work on time.A. resistB. insistC. assistD. disease满分：2 分23. Through long power lines electricity goes ( ).A. to the place neededB. there it is neededC. where it is neededD. which it is needed满分：2 分24. All the memories of his childhood had ( ) from his mind by the time he was 65.A. fadedB. illustratedC. confinedD. concerned满分：2 分25. He insisted that his brother____the window. It was clear that someone else broke the window.A. should not breakB. should not have brokenC. hadn't brokenD. would not break满分：2 分26. Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a ( ) speed.A. spareB. fastC. moderateD. moral满分：2 分27. Jimmy is only a second rate tennis player ,but he is always ( ) how well he plays .A. blowingB. fresheningC. boastingD. dictating满分：2 分28. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector ( ) the man was guilty.A. declaredB. impliedC. disclosedD. said满分：2 分29. The ( ) of Confucius built the temple in memory of theirancestor.A. descendentsB. predecessorsC. correspondentsD. opponents满分：2 分30. This is a poem about _______ life in the American West.A. bayB. chamberC. frankD. dozen满分：2 分31. Go back to work , otherwise you will be____.A. firedB. hiredC. employedD. rented满分：2 分32. Shirley____a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing满分：2 分33. ____,when he lived in his country , he was a university professor,but now he is working toward a high degree at an American university.A. FormerlyB. FormerC. FormallyD. formal满分：2 分34. We may be able to _______ you in some way if you can not finish your work on time.A. resistB. insistC. assistD. disease满分：2 分35. The person ______ I complained is the manager.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. to who满分：2 分36. ______ by accident ______ by design, he arrived too late tohelp us.A. Not only...but alsoB. Neither...norC. Whether...orD. Both...and满分：2 分37. I remember____the article the day before yesterday.A. to readB. to have readC. readingD. to reading满分：2 分38. The story you told me the other day has yet to be____.A. confusedB. confirmedC. conqueredD. conformed满分：2 分39. The water skier ( ) over the water .A. skimmedB. floatedC. driftedD. swam满分：2 分40. Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a____speed.A. spareB. fastC. moderateD. moral满分：2 分41. With the help of the government , a large number of people ( ) after the flood in 1991.A. survivedB. suspendedC. sufferedD. subfected满分：2 分42. He’ll always be _______ to you for what you’ve done.A. peacefulB. secureC. gratefulD. companion满分：2 分43. His____personality provides good material for critics.A. matureB. consideredC. literateD. dual满分：2 分44. It was courageous enough for Galileo to ( ) the falling object theory developed by Aristotle, the authoritative Greek scientist.A. advanceB. defyC. justifyD. translate满分：2 分45. The large company is( ) small ones by buying up their shares.A. taking offB. taking overC. taking inD. taking from满分：2 分46. When talking about Chinese culture, people often _______ its origin with the Yellow River.A. worshipB. vainC. revealD. associate满分：2 分47. Can you find ( ) at the hotel for the night?A. lodgingB. accommodationsC. placesD. houses满分：2 分48. She admired the director to such an extent that she took his words as ( ) oracles.A. divineB. rebelliousC. faithfulD. unbearable满分：2 分49. In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the ( ) government, not by each state.A. federalB. figureC. scientificD. service满分：2 分50. ________ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once.A. Since thatB. Since nowC. By nowD. Now that满分：2 分福师《高级英语(三)》在线作业二试卷总分：100 测试时间：--单选题一、单选题（共50 道试题，共100 分。

Lesson 3 Ships in the DesertAL Gore1. I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing afifty -ton catch on a good day. But it wasn’ t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be th most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects ofa good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping againstthe side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand——as far as I could see in all direct The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all theway to the horizon. Ten years ago the Aral was the fourth -largest inland sea in the world,comparable to the largest of North America ’Greats Lakes. Now it is disappearing because thewater that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton inthe desert. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishingfleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people werestill canning fish——brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.2. My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel aroundthe world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of theearth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in thesky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about thetunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier onwhich we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago.where the U.S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ”he said. At the bottom of the world, twocontinents away from Washington, D.C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions hadchanged the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.3. But the most significant change thus far in the earth’ s atmosphere is the one that be the industrial revolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industrymeant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it —— bringing rising levels of carbondioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth.Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski planelands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together,scientists monitor the air several times every day to chart the course of that inexorable change.During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day’ s measurements, end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is——there at the earth —— to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.4. Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in asmall tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After ahearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to arendezvous point where the ice was thinner——only three and a half feet thick——and submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers,and resub merged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately thethickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a result of global warming. I hadjust negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U.S. Navy to secure the release ofpreviously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what ishappening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours afterwe met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in aneerily beautiful snowscape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or“ pressure ridges” of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CO2 , levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature willrise with them——indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidlyin the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice here will thin; andsince the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world’ s weather system, the consequ thinning cap could be disastrous.5.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returnedfrom the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distributionin the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversial claim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 percent in just the last decade.Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle,the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperatureof the earth is steadily rising.*6. As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can befound exactly halfway between the North and South poles —— precisely athe equator in Brazil ——where billowing clouds of smoke regularly blacken the sky above the immense but nowthreatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fastpasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlierand earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee ’worths of rain forest beingslashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America*7. But one doesn't have to travel around the world to witness humankind’ s assault on Images that signal the distress of our global environment are now commonly seen almost anywhere.On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signalsthe loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset——a watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether——youcan sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This “ noctilucentcloud ”occasionallyappears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness; shimmering above us with atranslucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds havebegun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Alsocalled natural gas, methane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies, frombillions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass andfrom a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen inthe past, all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where itcondenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun’ s rays still strike lon sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.8. What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotionswe feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men tear tusks fromelephants ’ headsuchin quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matterfrom its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. Inthe process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, because methane has beenone of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vaporin total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even consideringglisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights ofcivilization that we can’seet these clouds for what they are —— aphysical manifestation of theviolent collision between human civilization and the earth?*9. Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessedsurprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment——the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with whichthe sun burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growingmountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven’wet launched amassive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way: Why do someimages startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? Andwhy do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis,focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painfuldistraction?10.Still, there are so many distressing images of environmental destruction that sometimes itseems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respond appropriately.11.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of threedifferent categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are“ l “ regional” battles, and“ strategic” conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles thatthreaten a nation’ s survival and must be under stood in a global context.12.Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instanceslike acid rain, the contamination of underground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global,but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.13.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system,and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorinein the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producingthe chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean —— all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amountof ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and itwe let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will also increasethat all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.14.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and otherheat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing aworldwide threat to the earth’ s ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determinesthe pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures,ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect onthe location and pattern of human societies.15.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has beentransformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment,not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact onthe environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vastareas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own timewe have reshaped a large part of the earth’ s surface with concrete in our cities and carefully ten rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes,while sometimes appearing to be pervasive, have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors inthe global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothingwe did or could do would have any lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our newrelationship to the environment.16. Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet weresist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured bythe same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon’ s pull on the oceans or the f the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility touse that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of thefragility of the earth’ s natural systems.*17.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physicalreality of our relationship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with theaddition of one China ’ s worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of ourpower to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving,and transforming the18.The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context.From the emergence of modern humans 200,000 years ago until Julius Caesar’ s time, fewe 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for theNew World 1,500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the timeThomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again,to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen tojust above 2 billion people.19. In other words, from the beginning of humanity’ s appearance on earth to 1945, it took m than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the courseof one human lifetime——mine——theworld population will increase from 2 to more than 9billion, and it is already more than halfway there.20.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick upspeed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more newand important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous historyof science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth thatunclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together,they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenancemaking the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequencesof unrestrained nuclear war.21.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that changeand understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images ofenvironmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation——theyall have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth’ s natural balance.22.There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can indeed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessmentof thatrelationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth’ s ecological system.23.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the United States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painfulrecognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship betweenthe two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations —— completelyand simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospectof such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missileswell tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change inwarfare —— from a fight to a process of destruction.”24.Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms race is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.25.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one sideor the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of warfare and about the relationship between states.26. The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditionsof life——a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessmentof all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramaticchange in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.( from Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit, 1992 )11。

高级英语第三册汉译英Unit 91.他把网上的流传当成一个笑话，不予理睬。

（dismiss as）He dismissed the story circulating on the Internet as a joke.2.马克?吐温的《竞选州长》是一篇著名的短篇故事。

(run for)Mark Twain’s “Running for Governor” is a famous short story.3.对于遭受灾难的人们，我们应该毫无保留地帮助他们。

(reach out to)We should reach out to those who suffer from disasters without reservation.4.考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作成绩还是相当不错的。

(given)Given their lack of experience, their work should be considered asquite good.5.她是在华裔人占主导地位的社区里长大的。

(predominantly)She grew up in a community where the inhabitants were predominantly ofChinese origin.6.心情不好不能成为你对同事粗暴的理由。

(justify)Being in a bad mood cannot justify your rude attitude toward yourcolleagues7.警方把这件事视作“误解”而草草了事。

(dismiss...as)The police dismissed the incident as a case of misunderstanding.Unit 111.政治局势的新变化使得这两个比较小的政党结成了同盟。

（alliance）Changes in the political situation brought the two small parties intoalliance.2.他的失败在于他的性情而不是能力。

Lesson 3Questions and SuggestionsI. Central Themes and Main Ideas:1. What is the author’s definition of style？.The style is a way of writing, a manner of expressing one’s thoughts and feelings in words.2. Why do we attach great importance to style?The way in which something is said inevitably affects what is said.3. What does “Style, it is the man himself.” Mean? Who made this remark?What kind of person you are, what kind of style you are likely to use in your writing. A French writer and naturalist of the 18th century Buffon made the remark.4. What other critics are mentioned in this text? What are their views on style?Cardinal Newman think that form and content are parts of one, and style is one’s thought mixed with his language. Brooks and Warren think that style is something ingrained in writing and stamped with the personality of a writer. Emerson thinks that a man’s style is his mind’s voice.7. What do you think of the style of the passage about Miss Murdstone in DavidCopperfield?Dickens used exaggeration and irony to call his reader’s attention to his main point in his writing. The exaggerated style is also fit for his description of the character Miss Murdstone, a rigid, rude and cold-hearted woman, showing no leniency towards the child David Copperfield.8. What is meant by weakness in style?It means clumsiness of expression, lack of precision and accuracy, obscurity and ambiguity, and anything that hinders the writer from conveying his meaning clearly and vividly to the reader.9. What are the three qualities of a good style of writing advocated by Chapman?The qualities of a good style of writing are accuracy, ease and grace.10. What does the author mean by clean English?Clean English is clear and vigorous, free from verbiage and affectations, and doing its job of conveying meaning cleanly to the reader.11. What should we guard against in our writing?We should guard against the slushy, inexact, excessive and bloated language in our writing.1。

高级英语复习笔记及讲解3Lesson Four1.dodge ： avoid , evade or elude 逃避.如；He was accused of dodging his taxes .他被指控逃税.You shouldn 't dodge your responsibilities. 你不能回避责认.move aside suddenly 突然闪开.如：I dodged out of the way when he threw a chair at me . 他将椅子向我扔来的时候,我急忙闪开.2.condemn： express an unfavorable judgement or opinion of 谴责.如：We condemned empty talk instead of hard work.我们谴责只说空话不务实的行为.3.to come to light ： to be discovered or revealed 暴露.如；On investigation some new facts came to light . 一经调查，一些新的事实就被暴露了.It has now come to light that he was financially backed by some interest group.人们刚刚得知，他受到了某个利益集团的经济支持.nguish ：1) become feeble ;droop ; lose liveliness orthe will to do things 凋萎，有气无力.如；languish from the heat /in prison/ in his dull job 由于天气炎热/坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振.2)suffer from a feeling of longing 苦思.如；languish for some kind words/her love 苦苦期盼一些抚慰的话语/ 她的爱.5.moral ： the moral teaching or practical lesson continued ina fable , tale , experience,etc.寓意.如；There is a moral to the story .这个故事有个寓意.arre ： unusual in appearance, style , or characters 夕卜貌,风格或性格怪异.如；a bizarre coincidence——次奇，怪的巧合;his bizrre behavior 他，怪异的行为.7.at her own request根据她本人的要求.另如：He wrote this book at the request of his 写了他根据……的要求那本书._vote on ：就进行表决.如：Let 's vote on this issue , since we can' t agree . 既然我们不能达成一致意见,就来投票表决吧.8.inprivate ： not publicly , secretly 私下.如：Such a thing is best discussed in private . 这种事情最好私卜讨论.He can be very rube in private, though he is usually polite in public .他私下可能很粗鲁，但在群众面前通常彬彬有礼.9.taboo adj.忌讳的，禁止的.如：This topic is taboo on the campus .校园里忌讳讨论这个话题.10.A. prolong ： cause sth. to continue longer 延长.如：I have to prolong my stay here for another three days . 我必须继续在这里呆三天时间.You should not have prolonged the ceremony . 你本不该延长仪式的时间.B. throes ： agony 痛苦.如；in death throes处于临终痛苦.11.h old out ： continue to last 坚持，挺住.如：Can you hold out much longer ?你能再坚持一段时间吗?12.a dminister to apple as a remedy 施用.如：administer laws执彳亍法律.The doctor administered some me medicine to the girl . 医生给女孩施用了一些药.ply with ： act in accordance with wishes , requirements or conditions 遵守（意愿，要求或条件等）.如；You ought to comply with the rules /the demands/ the 1aw/ the requests.你应该遵守规章/命令/法律/要求.14.p ose danger 造成危险.pose ： cause sth. to exist 导致产生.另如：pose problems 引起问题.15.b y contrast 相比之下.By contrast , his brother is quite easygoing . 相比之下，他的兄弟比拟好相处.16.u sher in ： herald 预报，宣告.如；usher in a new age of prosperity宣告新的繁荣时期的到来.The rising sun ushered in a new day . 太阳的升起宣告新的——天开始了.The cuckoo ushered in Spring.布谷鸟宣布春天到来.。

Lesson 3 Ships in the DesertAL Gore1.I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn’t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand——as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon. Ten years ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America’s Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton in the desert. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish——brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.2.My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. “Here’s where the U.S Congress passed the Clean Air Act,” he said. At the bottom of the world, twocontinents away from Washington, D.C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.3.But the most significant change thus far in the earth’s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial revolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it——bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air several times every day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day’s measurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is——there at the end of the earth——to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.4.Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner——only three and a half feet thick——and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resub merged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a result of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U.S. Navy to secure the release of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in aneerily beautiful snowscape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or “pressure ridges” of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CO2, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them——indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice here will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world’s weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.5.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversial claim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 percent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature of the earth is steadily rising.*6.As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles——precisely at the equator in Brazil ——where billowing clouds of smoke regularly blacken the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee’s worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America——which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.*7.But one doesn't have to travel around the world to witness humankind’s assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment are now commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset——and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether——you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This “noctilucent cloud” occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past, all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun’s rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.8.What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men tear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, because methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn’t it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky whichglisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’t see these clouds for what they are——a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?*9.Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment——whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the sun burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven’t we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way: Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?10.Still, there are so many distressing images of environmental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respond appropriately.11.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are “local” skirmishes, “regional” battles, and “strategic” conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation’s survival and must be under stood in a global context.12.Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problemslike acid rain, the contamination of underground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.13.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean——all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will also increase——to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.14.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth’s ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.15.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment,not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth’s surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive, have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would have any lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.16.Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon’s pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth’s natural systems.*17.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relationship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China’s worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and transforming the physical matter that makes up the earth.18.The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200,000 years ago until Julius Caesar’s time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1,500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people.19.In other words, from the beginning of humanity’s appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime——mine——the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 billion, and it is already more than halfway there.20.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance —— making the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.21.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images ofenvironmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation——they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth’s natural balance.22.There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can indeed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth’s ecological system.23.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the United States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations——completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles “may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change inwarfare——from a fight to a process of destruction.”24.Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms race is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.25.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one side or the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of warfare and about the relationship between states.26.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life——a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramaticchange in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.( from Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit, 1992 )11。

《高级英语（选修）》教学大纲一、课程名称：高级英语（选修）二、课程类别：公共选修课三、教学时数：周学时数: 2学时，总学时数：34学时四、学分：2分五、开课时间：第5--6 学期六、开课专业：非英语专业七、教学对象：全校非英语专业本科三年级学生八、教学目的：高级英语(选修)是一门公共选修课，也是一门综合性课程，它与大学英语性质相同。

它是基础阶段的大学英语课程在高层次上的延续。

高级英语是一门训练学生综合英语技能尤其是阅读理解、语法修辞与翻译能力的课程。

通过阅读和分析内容广泛的材料，包括涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学、法律、宗教及自然科学等方面的名家作品，扩大学生的知识面，加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养学生对名篇的分析和理解能力、逻辑思维能力与独立思考的能力，增强对文化差异的敏感性，巩固和提高学生英语语言技能。

每课后都配有大量的相关练习，包括阅读理解、词汇研究、问题分析、中英互译和写作练习等。

通过该课程的学习，使学生的英语水平在质量上有较大的提高。

其宗旨是通过课文的阅读分析及理解，技巧的传授与操练等帮助学生掌握阅读技巧、扩大词汇量、提高理解能力，加快阅读速度。

提高学生的听说读写译综合能力，加强学生对英美文学、文化的了解，并且鼓励学生课后广泛地有针对性地阅读，扩大知识面。

九、课程内容：教学内容分为四类：1．为汲取信息而预读提供预读问题，学生带着问题读课文A寻找答案。

提供课文注释，帮助学生消除阅读障碍。

2．为求阅读效果、掌握及扩大信息而精读教师讲解词、句的结构知识，提高学生认、辩、猜词的能力，扩大词汇量，提高阅读速度。

教师讲解谋篇布局、修辞问题、比喻手段等知识，提高学生阅读理解力。

3．为提高综合能力而操练在语言训练上，以课文A为重点，进行朗读、翻译、讨论、完成课后练习等，通过各种形式提高学生语言素质。

4．为训练语言敏感力而泛读、泛听、泛看、学生课后阅读课文B；课堂欣赏英文名著名片十、教学时间安排：十一、所用教材：《高级英语阅读教程》，黄次栋编著，上海外语教育出版社，1999十三、考核方式：考试期末考试100%。

福师《高级英语(三)》在线作业一试卷总分：100 测试时间：--一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 100 分。

）1. I have heard about Mr. Smith but I am not acquainted ( ).A. ofB. byC. withD. over满分：2 分2. "How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another. Oh, ( ) times, I guess." was the reply.A. hundred ofB. hundredsC. hundreds ofD. hundred满分：2 分3. This river forms a natural ( ) between China and Korea.A. boundaryB. stringC. spotD. zone满分：2 分4. ( ) the chance and the money , I would come and see you in New York in the foreseeable future.A. With regard toB. ConsideringC. GivenD. Assuming满分：2 分5. All the memories of his childhood had ( ) from his mind by the time he was 65.A. fadedB. illustratedC. confinedD. concerned满分：2 分6. The atmosphere ( ) certain gases mixed together in definite proportion.A. considering ofB. consists ofC. composes ofD. composed of满分：2 分7. The （）is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again.A. beanB. beamC. bakeD. battery满分：2 分8. The slight spark can ( ) the explosive stored there.A. set outB. set aboutC. set upD. set off满分：2 分9. In some markets there may be only one seller. ( ) is called a monopoly.A. Situation as thisB. Such kind of situationC. Such a situationD. A situation of this满分：2 分10. Magnificent views over the countryside have often ( ) people to write poems.A. excitedB. inspiredC. inducedD. attracted满分：2 分11. Peter, John and Tom each ( ).A. say they came firstB. says they came firstC. says he came firstD. say came first满分：2 分12. We stopped for a coffeebreak and ( ) working fifteen minutes later.A. resumedB. consumedC. presumedD. assumed.满分：2 分13. I just managed to ( ) a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boat.A. gainB. possessC. grabD. snatch满分：2 分14. She won't be afraid as ( ) as you are here.A. longB. wellC. soonD. far满分：2 分15. The ( ) of Confucius built the temple in memory of their ancestor.A. descendentsB. predecessorsC. correspondentsD. opponents满分：2 分16. It is more than twenty years since premier Zhou ( ) ,but he still lives on our hearts.A. passed awayB. passed offC. passed overD. passed for满分：2 分17. The tragic ending of the novel can bring ( ).A. your eyes to tearsB. tears to your eyesC. your eye to tearD. tear to your eye满分：2 分18. When he opened the door, he used too much force and ( ) the key.A. trailedB. variedC. twistedD. wicked满分：2 分19. Why do you want a new job ( ) you've got such a good one already?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when满分：2 分20. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ( ).A. be put upB. give inC. be turned onD. go out满分：2 分21. Go back to work , otherwise you will be ( ).A. firedB. hiredC. employedD. rented满分：2 分22. Much to the s tudents” relief, the mid term exa m was ( ).A. let offB. taken offC. let offD. cancelled满分：2 分23. What she achieved in her research might ( ) what she had been expecting.A. exceedB. exclaimC. excessD. extend满分：2 分24. Both O.J.Simpson and Jim Brown have been ( ) as the greatest players in the history of football.A. rankedB. recordedC. stockedD. stripped满分：2 分25. The table is similar in design to the other , but the top is ( ).A. roundB. rounderC. more roundD. roundest满分：2 分26. When you fill in the application form, please use your ( ) address so that we can contact you easily later.A. policyB. plainC. permanentD. principal满分：2 分27. The airplane took off soon. It was like being on an old train ( ) from side to side and going faster and faster.A. surroundingB. foregoingC. swayingD. frowning满分：2 分28. The end ( ) the means . This saying implies even a wrong or unfair method may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good. good.A. modifiesB. justifiesC. purifiesD. testifies满分：2 分29. The chancellor ( ) the fact that he was the centre of criticism and stuck to his reforms.A. dischargedB. disregardedC. disguisedD. disposed满分：2 分30. A ( ) change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.A. severeB. violentC. drasticD. strict满分：2 分31. She did it( ) our effects to stop her.A. in regard toB. with regard toC. regardingD. in spite of满分：2 分32. He always has a lot of ( ) ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about.A. novelB. spoilC. acceptableD. additional满分：2 分33. He was ( ) about the spring outing , but he came back quite depressed and said he should not have joined in it.A. enthusiasticB. fantasticC. courageousD. discouraged满分：2 分34. Have you seen my son latest ( ) to his stamp collection.A. accumulationB. acquisitionC. exhibitD. edition满分：2 分35. She cast her eyes round the room in ( ) of a chair to sit in.A. questionB. questC. demandD. requirement满分：2 分36. She know a lot of young man, but it is not easy to choose a/an ( ) one who is both rich and attractive.A. diligentB. qualifiedC. eligibleD. elegant满分：2 分37. Great Britain and France will hold a( )regarding some European economic problems.A. conferenceB. referenceC. conversionD. cooperation满分：2 分38. After traveling in the desert for five days, we found a tiny oasis, where there was a well and ( ) green grass.A. a patch ofB. a bunch ofC. a pinch ofD. a packet of满分：2 分39. Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a ( ) speed.A. spareB. fastC. moderateD. moral满分：2 分40. Give me your telephone number ( ) I need your help.A. whetherB. unlessC. so thatD. in case满分：2 分41. This is a poem about ( ) life in the American West.A. bayB. chamberC. frankD. dozen满分：2 分42. I would like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my sincere ( ) for you help.A. regulationB. recreationC. appreciationD. guarantee满分：2 分43. It was courageous enough for Galileo to ( ) the falling object theory developed by Aristotle, the authoritative Greek scientist.A. advanceB. defyC. justifyD. translate满分：2 分44. ( ) the children to bed, she began to correct the students' exercises.A. SendingB. Being sentC. sentD. Having sent满分：2 分45. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector ( ) the man was guilty.A. declaredB. impliedC. disclosedD. said满分：2 分46. Please be serious. I am not ( ). You should consider it carefullyA. sortingB. jokingC. countingD. comparing满分：2 分47. We can not trust him any more because he often ( ) his duty.A. owesB. spoilsC. desertsD. neglects满分：2 分48. When you choose a piece of clothes , the most important thing that you should pay attention is its ( )A. styleB. textureC. testableD. content满分：2 分49. With tear gas , the policeman ( ) the demonstrators in the street.A. scatteredB. brokeC. assembledD. labelled满分：2 分50. The noisy was so( ) that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.A. dimB. gentleC. faintD. definite。

高级英语教材第3册课文详解及课后答案第1课：课文详解课文概述本课文是高级英语教材第3册的第1课。

该课文主要讲述了一个有关环境保护的故事。

故事中，主人公发现了湖泊里有大量的垃圾，他决定采取行动清理湖泊并保护环境。

重点词汇- pollution：污染- environment：环境- garbage：垃圾- dispose：处理主要内容本课文主要强调了环境保护的重要性。

它提醒读者们应该意识到我们对环境造成的损害，并采取积极的措施来保护环境。

故事中的主人公通过自己的努力清理了湖泊中的垃圾，以示榜样。

难点解析本课文的难点主要在于高级英语词汇的理解和使用。

例如，dispose是一个较为高级的词汇，意为“处理”。

同时，对于一些环境污染相关的词汇，如pollution和garbage，同学们也需要掌握其正确的用法和意义。

课后练答案1. 清理湖泊中的垃圾是为了保护环境。

2. 主人公通过自己的努力给大家树立了一个榜样。

3. pollution的中文意思是污染。

4. garbage的中文意思是垃圾。

5. environment的中文意思是环境。

第2课：课文详解课文概述本课文是高级英语教材第3册的第2课。

该课文主要讲述了一个关于文化差异的故事。

故事中，两个国家的人民在交流中发现了各自文化之间的不同之处，并通过相互尊重与理解来加强彼此的交流。

重点词汇- cultural：文化的- difference：差异- respect：尊重主要内容本课文主要强调了文化差异的重要性。

它提醒读者们在跨文化交流中要学会尊重和理解他人的文化差异，以促进有效的沟通和交流。

故事中的主人公通过与他人进行深入交流，发现并品味了另一个国家的文化。

难点解析课后练答案1. 在跨文化交流中，尊重他人的文化差异是非常重要的。

2. 主人公通过与他人的交流，深入了解了另一个国家的文化。

3. cultural的中文意思是文化的。

4. difference的中文意思是差异。

Lesson ThreePub Talk and the King’s EnglishI. Choose the one which best explains the word given blow:1. intricateA. difficultB. complicatedC. invalidD. simple2. anecdoteA. short amusing storyB. long tedious talkC. uninteresting writingD. exciting information3. affirmationA. negative conversationB. possibilityC. positive statementD. affection4. churlA. soldierB. bishopC. naturalistD. peasant5. convictA. criminalB. aggressorC. captainD. captor6. interceptA. stop between starting-point and destinationB. arrive at the conclusionC. write words expressing respectD. prevent from being seen7. denialA. piece of open landB. accepting an invitationC. refusing a requestD. teaching good behaviour8. delveA. give oneself upB. clasp carefullyC. search carefully and deeplyD. look down upon9. immuneA. secureB. impureC. odorousD. revival10. facetiousA. unimportantB. very superficialC. hideousD. not serious11. sinisterA. not pretendedB. suggesting evilC. happening in the same timeD. giving orders12. pejorativeA. sharpB. distastefulC. contemptuousD. penetrating13. ultimatumA. the general opinion about the character, qualities etc.B. state of being in demandC. sth. that provokes or annoysD. final statement of conditions to be accepted14. tussleA. have a hard struggle or fightB. raise to a higher gradeC. come to a lower level or stateD. make the greatest possible use of15. scamperA. move onward smoothlyB. drop down directlyC. run quickly and playfullyD. walk forward and backward16. edictA. orderB. articleC. paintingD. newspaper17. tartA. differentB. sarcasticC. loadedD. special18. coinA. happenB. coincideC. comfortD. invent19. dominanceA. ruling classB. manageable domainC. controlling powerD. religious establishment20. salonA. a regular held fashionable gatheringB. a big luxurious carC. a grand comfortable hotelD. a large public drinking place21. sociableA. gregariousB. collectiveC. commonD. ordinary22. deserveA. to take awayB. to last longC. to help withD. to be worthy of23. sparkleA. strike.B. glitterC. climbD. flow24. opportunityA. an opposing forceB. a favourable placeC. a chance for advancementD. a difficult situation25. indulgedA. gratifyB. involveC. interruptD. gratitude26. gossipA. gloryB. rumorC. private factD. personal things27. prosea. imitation B. copyingC. writingD. drawing28. punctuateA. insert occasionallyB. not to emphasizeC. act instantlyD. interrupt periodically29. recessA. accepted quantityB. the act of receivingC. secluded placeD. secrete news30. pressingA. urgentB. immediateC. refusingD. interacting.II. Complete the word according to the definition, the first letter of the wordis given:1. ordinary c ommonplace2. jumping from one thing to another d esultory3. soldier armed with a musket m usketeer4. very close friend or associate i ntimate _5. flow slowly, turning here and there m eander _6. using or involving two languages b ilingual _7. farmyard birds of any kind, such as hens, ducks, etc. p oultry8. person in an unimportant position working for sb. else u nderlings9. magical or mysterious power or process of transforming one thing into anothera lchemy10. state, quality of being snobbish s nobbery _11. person with the legal right to receive a title, property, when the owner diesh eir12. mocking remark j eer _13. greatest in power, authority, or rank; paramount or dominant s upreme14. to object to, especially in a formal statement p rotest15. a person, an animal, or a plant whose descent can be traced to a particularindividual or group. d escendant16. a force that tends to oppose or retard motion r esistance17. an enclosure for swine s ty18. the meat of a calf v eal19. a narrow fissure in rock or a break in friendly relations r ift20. something that separates or holds apart b arrier21. to attempt to overthrow the authority of the state or rebel r evolt22. to use wrongly or improperly; misuse a buse23. treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individualmerit; partiality or prejudice d iscrimination24. physical or mental strength, energy, or force v igor25. to declare free of blame; absolve. j ustifyIII. Put the following words and phrases into the appropriate blanks in the following sentences. (Filling in the grid is optional.)__________________________________________________________________in a flash upbringing be in one’s shoes indulge in come in one’s own bind on the rocks get out of bed on the wrong side confirmation recesses turn up one’s nose at out of snobbery accept concept deceptive exception inception intercept misconception perceptive receptive susceptible1.He said he loved her in the inner most recesses of his heart.2.They indulged in eating and drinking in the party the other evening.3.One's upbringing largely determines success in life.4.In a flash he realized that they were presents from his patients.5.By the time I’ve paid all the bills I owe I shall be on the rocks.6.What’s wrong with him? He is in such a bad temper. He must have got out ofbed on the wrong side.7.I wish my students wouldn’t turn up their noses at doing their schoolwork.8.I wouldn’t be in your shoes for all the wealth in the world.9.We are waiting for confirmation of the news.10.You must bind the gangster to the seat with rope lest he should escape11.He was always trying to get to know members of the nobility out of snobbery.12.it was not until he mid-twentieth century that psychology really came into itsown.13.Because Matt is susceptible to bronchial infections, his mother badgered him toget a flu shot.ura agreed to accept Tom's gift on condition that he allow here to treat himto a movie.15.A perceptive child knows immediately when a parent is distraught or upset.16.Hank has no concept _ of how difficult it is to operate a farm these days.17.The actress was receptive to the director's suggestions for portraying the role ofLady Macbeth.18.The performances in this production of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard arefirst-rate, with only one exception.19.Macbeth's expression was deceptive, for as he smiled, he plotted KingDuncan's death.20.This antiballistic missile is designed to locate and intercept enemy ballisticmissiles.21.Since its inception eight years ago, the program has been a huge success.22.Alex claims he got a poor grade in English because his teacher doesn't likehim, but that is a misconception on his part.IV. Reading Comprehension:1.The real thesis of this piece of exposition is _______A.Pub talk and the King’s EnglishB.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.C.Bar conversation has a charm of its own.D.The King’s English2.This piece of exposition is _____ in style.A. formalB. informalC. sarcasticD. serious3.One of the reasons for him to like bar conversation is that ______.A.He was a sociable person and enjoyed talking with others.B.He was brought up in the English pubs.C.He was deeply involved in bar-goer s’ lives.D.He was a frequenter of the English pubs.4.“The King’s English ” came into being in ______A. 16th centuryB. 17th centuryC. 15th centuryD. 18th century5.The worst conversationalist is the person who ______A.is not making a point.B.is prepared to looseC.is trying to talk sense.D.slips and slides in conversationV. Determine whether the following statements are true or false. Put a “T”, if the statement is true and put a “F”, if false.1.The Norman lords turned up their noses at rabbit, because the rabbit was notchanged into lapin. (F)2. A good conversation has no focus at all. (F)3.The rulers of the Angevins and the Plantagenets spoke French. (T)4.The author agrees to what Auden said that all a writer needs is a pen, plenty ofpaper and “the best dictionaries he can afford.”(F)5.Even the most educated and the most literate people do not use the King’sEnglish all the time in conversation. (T)6.The author is in favour of bilingual education. (T)7.There exists in the working people, different from the Saxon peasants, a spiritof opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. (F)8.Looking up the dictionary in the middle of a conversation will settle theargument in the conversation, which will make the conversation goes freely.(F)9.People who ruin the conversation by talking sense are just like chimpanzees,who are not able to have conversation. (T)10.The language of Dr. Caius should be more vigorous, direct and straightforward.(F)VI. Comment on the rhetorical devices of the following sentences:1.Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely hereand there.metaphor2.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the great mindsare supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th Century Paris,...metonymy3.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…metaphor4..., the King's English slips and slides in conversation.alliteration/metaphor5.Is the phrase in Shakespeare?metonymy6.... and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps andsparkles or just glows. mixed metaphor7.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth. extended simile8.One would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised thesubject, wondering more about her. metonymy9.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, ……the recesses of theirthoughts and feelings. simile/ allustion10.Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The conversation was onwings. metaphorVII. Translation:1.给我1000元钱，我也不愿处于你的地位。

Translation1.不用着急，慢慢来，我们还有时间。

（to take one’s time）Take your time, don’t worry about it. We still have time.2.你的意思是说我在撒谎吗？(to suggest)Are you suggest that I’m lying?3.他企图尽一切办法掩盖事情的真相。

(to conceal)He tried to take his own to conceal the truth of the matter.4.虽然成功的可能性很小，我们仍然要竭尽全力去干(chance)Although there is a little chance to be success, we should try our best to achieve it.5.如不另行通知，我们的会在明天上午十点开。

(unless)Unless further notice, our meeting will be held at ten tomorrow morning.6.我俩谁也不善于计算数字。

(adept)Neither of us are adept at calculate numbers.7.假定五点出发，我们在黄昏前能到达目的地吗？(to assume)Assuming we leave ai five, can we arrive our destination before nightfall?8.他不愿意依从她的要求。

(to comply with)He was unwilling to comply with her request.9.我知道你是南方人，一听你的口音就知道了。

(to betray)I know you’re from north, your accent betrays you.10.在这件事情上，我们没有任何选择的余地。

Lesson3高级英语Lesson Three1. catch n. a quantity that is caught 捕获量2. good adj. satisfactory; satisfying 理想的；令人满意的3. bow n. the front section of a ship or boat 船头The waves were about five feet now, and the bow of the boat was leaping up and down.4. stern n. back end of a ship or boat船尾standing at/in the stern of the boat 站在船尾5. prospect n.前景，前途；可能性；希望，期望，想到something expected; a possibility; chance of success, outlook …experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in socks.The prospects of a good catch looked bleak.6. bleak n. 没有指望的；黯淡的；荒凉的；阴沉寒冷的providing no encouragement; depressing; (of a landscape) bare; exposed; wind-swept; (of the weather) cold and drearya bleak winter day冬天的一个阴冷日子.a bleak outlook/ prospect黯淡的前景[前途]bleak hills, mountains, moors, etc荒凉的丘陵﹑群山﹑旷野等7. lap /doc/58d984e49a6648d7c1c708a1284ac850ad 0204db.html pping n. 拍打When water laps against something such as the shore or the side of a boat, it touches it gently and makes a soft sound. (WRITTEN)With a rising tide the water was lapping at his chin before rescuers arrived.The building was right on the river and the water lapped thewalls.The only sound was the lapping of the waves.8. at rest— motionless; inactive 静止的；不动的9. dune n. a hill or ridge of wind-blown sand 沙丘10. comparable to相提并论；相媲美；相似或相当similar or equivalentThe achievements of an athlete and a writer are not comparable. 运动员的成就与作家的成就不能相提并论11. feed vt. 供给to supply with something essential for growth, maintenance, or operationThe lake is fed by several small streams. 这湖是由几条小溪的水汇聚而成的feed the fire (with wood) 往火里添柴12. divert vt. diversion n. 转向；转移to turn aside from a course or direction; to distractA ditch diverted water from the stream into the fields.Traffic was ordered to divert to another road because of the repair of the main road. 由于主干道在进行修理，所以命令车辆改道行驶A loud noise from the street diverted my attention.13. ill-considered adj.考虑不充分的；不妥当的；不明智的unwise; foolish; not carefully thought about or plannedill-considered actions sure to result in disaster必然导致灾难的不明智之举14. irrigation n. irrigate v. irrigable adj.灌溉supply (land or crops) with water (by means of streams, reservoirs, channels, pipes, etc)irrigate desert areas to make them fertile灌溉荒芜地区使之肥沃an irrigation project灌溉工程irrigation canals灌溉渠15. dock vt. （指船）进港, 进入船坞to maneuver (a vessel or vehicle) into or next to a dock16. ship vt. 运送If people or things are shipped somewhere, they are sent there on a ship or by some other means of transport.Food is being shipped to drought-stricken Southern Africa.VB: usu. passive17. rail n. 铁路the railroad as a means of transportationgoods transported by rail通过铁路运输的货物18. underlying adj.基础的；基本的；出现但不明显的；隐含的basic; fundamental; present but not obvious; implicitan underlying meaning19. slip vt.穿上；脱去to put on or remove (clothing) easily or quicklyslip on a sweater; slipped off her shoes穿上一件羊毛衫；脱下她的鞋20. cracked adj.皲裂的; 有裂缝的broken so that fissures appear on the surfacea cracked mirror/ dry, cracked lips21. peel vi. 剥落；剥皮to come off in thin strips or pieces, as bark, skin, or paint Her sunburned skin began to peel.22. glacier n.冰河，冰川A huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a land mass, formed from compacted snow in an area where snow accumulation exceeds melting and sublimation23. emission n.emit vi. something emitted 发射物; 排放物dust emission 粉尘排放24. accessible adj. access n. 易接近的，易进入的easily approached or entereda beach accessible only from the sea 只能从海上到达的沙滩documents not accessible to the public公众无法接触到的文件25. pick up speed= accelerate /speed up 加速26. carbon dioxide二氧化碳27. upwind adv. downwind adv. 逆风的，顶风的in or toward the direction from which the wind blowsIf we're upwind of the animal it may smell our scent. 要是我们处於那动物的上风位置, 它就能闻到我们的气味28. runway n. 跑道a strip of level, usually paved ground on which aircraft take off and land29. chart vt. & n. to make a chart of 绘制…的图表30. inexorable adj.无动于衷的；无情的；不可阻挡的(AmE) not capable of being persuaded by entreaty; relentless (BrE) (formal) (of a process) that cannot be stopped or changed an inexorable opponent 无情的对手inexorable price rises 无法抑制的物价上涨their inexorable fate他们无可变更的命运a feeling of inexorable doom31. measurement n. 测量得的尺寸、数量、容量等the dimension, quantity, or capacity determined by measuring32. graph n.曲线图, 坐标图=plot；图表 =bar chart/ pie chart(diagram consisting of a) line or lines (often curved) showing the variation of two quantities, eg the temperature at each hour: the rising graph of crime statistics33. push up/down 使稳步上升；使逐步下降to increase or decrease an amount, value, or numberSlow sales have pushed down orders.34. pitch vt.to erect or establish; set up 树起，搭起，建立pitched a tent/ pitch camp搭帐蓬；扎营35. slab n. 厚片a broad, flat, thick piece, as of cake, stone, or cheesepaved with stone slabs以石板铺成的massive slabs of rock巨大的石板a slab of cheese, chocolate一块乾酪﹑巧克力36. frigid adj.寒冷的, 特别的冷；冷淡的；生硬的Extremely cold; not showing any feelings of friendship or kindness; stiff and formal in mannera frigid voice/ glanceThere was a frigid atmosphere in the room.冷淡的气氛a frigid climate/ zone/ air37. hearty adj. satisfying; substantial 丰盛的a hearty meal38. snowmobile n.= skimobile automobile n. 雪地机动车a small vehicle with ski like runners in front and tank like treads, used for driving in or traveling on snow. Also called39. rendezvous n.会面地点a prearranged meeting place, especially an assembly point for troops or ships.40. hover vi. 滑翔，悬浮，盘旋to remain floating, suspended, or fluttering in the airBeautiful butterflies hovered above the wild flowers.A police helicopter hovered overhead.Mist hovered in all the valleys.41. take on让乘客上车If a vehicle such as a bus or ship takes on passengers, goods, or fuel, it stops in order to allow them to get on or to be loaded on.This is a brief stop to take on passengers and water.42. submerge vi. 潜入水中to go under or as if under waterThe submarine submerged to avoid enemy ships.43. polar cap 极地冰冠either of the regions around the poles of the earth that are permanently covered with ice44. secure vt.To make certain; ensure 确定；确保Despite making several good jokes, he could not secure the goodwill of the audience.尽管他说了几个有趣的笑话，但是仍无法确定观众是否接受他The new law will secure the civil rights of the mentally ill. 这一新法则可保障精神病患者享有公民权45. release vt. & n.发布；透露If someone in authority releases something such as a document or information, they make it available.They're not releasing any more details yet.Figures released yesterday show retail sales were down in March.46. sonar n.声纳a system using transmitted and reflected underwater sound waves to detect and locate submerged objects or measure the distance to the floor of a body of water47. surface vi.to rise to the surface升到地面（或水面等）48. eerie adj. 怪诞的, 可怕的, 不安的, 奇异的If you describe something as eerie, you mean that it seemsstrange and frightening, and makes you feel nervous.I walked down the eerie dark path....an eerie calm49. windswept adj. 风刮的，受风侵袭的exposed to or swept by windsthe windswept Atlantic coast50. define vt. 勾画出…的轮廓或外形to delineate the outline or form ofgentle hills that were defined against the sky 在天空的衬托下显得轮廓分明的丘陵51. hummock n.冰丘；冰脊或冰山；小丘，圆岗；山脊a ridge or hill of ice in an ice field ; a low mound or ridge of earth; a knoll52. ridge n.山脊; 山脉narrow stretch of high land along the top of a line of hills; long mountain range53. range n. 山脉an extended group or series, especially a row or chain of mountains54. polar region/ polar bear/ polar ice/ polar cap55. crucial adj. 极其重要的; 决定性的extremely significant or important. Vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisivea crucial problem56. disastrous adj. disaster n. 灾难性的；不幸的；极坏的，很糟的accompanied by or causing distress or disaster; calamitous; extremely bad; terriblea disastrous report card 极糟的成绩报告单57. speculative adj. speculate vt. speculation n.猜测性的，推测的given to conjecture or speculationMuch of our information is speculative.我们的许多信息是带推测性的58. dramatic adj. 引人注目的arresting or forceful in appearance or effectdramatic changes, developments, news59. distribution n. distribute vt.分布(instance of the) positioning or allocation of items, features, etc within an area:the distribution of schools in this district 这个区里的学校分布情况Pines have a very wide distribution. 松树的分布很广60. controversial adj. 有争议的; 引起争论的of, producing, or marked by controversya controversial movie; a controversial stand on human rights.controversy n.论争, 辩论, 论战controvert vt. 议论, 辩论 vi.参加辩论61. establish vt. to make firm or secure确立, 确定, 证实, 认可The new evidence establishes the suspect's guilt.62. tundra n. 苔原; 冻土地带a treeless area between the icecap and the tree line of Arctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil and supporting low-growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs63. spring snowmelt 融雪期a period or season when the runoff from melting snow occurs64. equator n.赤道imaginary line (or one drawn on a map, etc) around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles65. billow vi.鼓起；飘扬，飘动；（浓烟）滚滚(of a sail, skirt, etc.) to fill with air and swell out; if smoke, cloud, etc. billows, it rises and moves in a large mass The curtains billowed gently in the breeze.A great cloud of smoke billowed out of the chimney.66. immense adj.extremely large巨大的；广大的immense difficulties, problems, possibilities 巨大的困难﹑问题﹑可能性of immense importance极为重要的67. slash v.猛砍；乱砍to cut or try to cut something violently with a knife, sword etcSomeone had slashed the tires.68. assault n. and vt.攻击，抨击a violent physical or verbal attackHe has been charged with assaulting a police officer.sexual assaultsan unsuccessful assault on the enemy lines69. signal vt. to relate or make known by signals 表明；表示；预示They have signaled their willingness to negotiate.70. distress n. & vt. 恶化，损坏；Physical deterioration, as of a highway, caused by hard use over time:pavement distress71. distressing adj. 使人痛苦的; 令人苦恼的distressful,causing distressdistressing news 使人难过的消息a distressing sight令人伤感的情景72. latitude n. 纬度distance of a place north or south of the equator, measured in degrees73. altitude n.height above sea-level 高度；海拔74. longitude n.经线distance east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measured in degrees75. ecological balance/ the global ecological system76. in progress 正在进展中If something is in progress, it has started and is still continuing.The game was already in progress when we took our seats.The diaries are a mixture of confession, work in progress and observation.77. blot out 遮盖If one thing blots out another thing, it is in front of the other thing and prevents it from being seen.About the time the three climbers were halfway down, clouds blotted out the sun.... with mist blotting everything out except the endless black of the spruce on either side.78. cloak vt. 掩盖；隐藏to cover or hide or conceal with or as if with a cloakThe hills were cloaked in thick mist.The meeting was cloaked in mystery.79. shimmer vi. 闪光，发闪烁之微光to shine with a subdued, flickering lightmoonlight shimmering on the lake 湖面上闪烁的月光The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun. 路面在烈日的热气中发出闪烁的微光.80. translucent adj. 半透明的transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to prevent perception of distinct images81. transparent adj. 透明的capable of transmitting light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material82. buildup n. 增加，增强; 集结, 累积a gradual increase in somethinga heavy build-up of traffic on the motorway83. methane n. = natural gas 甲烷84. landfill n. 垃圾填埋地；垃圾填埋法Landfill is a method of getting rid of very large amounts of rubbish by burying it in a large deep hole.A landfill is a large deep hole in which very large amounts of rubbish are buried.85. (rice) paddy稻田a specially irrigated or flooded field where rice is grown86. termite n. 白蚁small insect, found chiefly in tropical areas, that is very destructive to timber (popularly called white ant, but not of the ant family)87. biomass n. 用作燃料或能源的植物材料、蔬菜或农业废弃物plant material, vegetation, or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy source88. condense vi. 凝结，冷凝to cause (a gas or vapor) to change to a liquidSteam condenses/is condensed into water when it touches a cold surface.89. simultaneous adj. 同时的；同时发生的happening, existing, or done at the same timesimultaneous demonstrations in London and New York 在伦敦与纽约同时举行的示威游行The explosion was timed to be simultaneous with the plane's take-off.90. theatre n. 战场a large geographic area in which military operations are coordinatedthe European theater during World War II.91. operation n. 运转；工作；操作（方式）way in which something worksI can use a word processor but I don’t understand its operation.the operation of the global environment 全球环境的运行机制92. at stake =at risk 濒临危险；得失攸关to be won or lost; being risked, depending on the outcome of an event This decision puts our lives at stake. 这麽一决定, 我们的生命就吉凶难卜了93. strategic adj. 战略性的；重大的，关键的important or essential in relation to a plan of action; giving an advantage; right for a particular purposea strategic position, move 战略地位﹑行动a strategic withdrawalstrategic bombing, eg of industrial areas and communication centers 战略轰炸strategic materials, ie those that are necessary for war 战略物资94. chlorine n. 氯95. disrupt vt. 干扰，扰乱; 使陷入混乱to throw into confusion or disorderProtesters disrupted the candidate's speech.96. regulate vt. regulation n.调节; 调整to adjust to a particular specification or requirementregulate temperature97. ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射98. molecule n. 分子; 微粒smallest unit (usu consisting of a group of atoms) into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical natureA molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.99. pose vt. to put forward; present 造成，形成; 引起pose a threat to…对…构成威胁t o pose an obstacle to 成为…障碍100. retain vt. 保持，保留to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position to retain one's balanceretain one's presence of mind 镇定自若retain an appearance of youtha vessel to retain water101. equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡a condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system 102. ocean current 海流; 洋流A current is a steady and continuous flowing movement of some of the water in a river, lake, or sea.Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.103. location n. 地方：地点a place where something is or could be located; a site104. have a large impact on… have a lasting effect on…105. reshape vt. 改造; 重塑; 给…以新的形式to shape, form, or organize again or anewexercises to reshape your bodyTheir policies set out to reshape the welfare system.106. concrete n. & adj. 混凝土；具体的；实在的107. pervasive adj. pervade v. pervasion n. 弥漫的；遍布的having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate108. trivial adj. 无足轻重的；琐碎的，不重要; 没有什么价值的of little significance or value109. discard vt.dispose of; to throw away; reject丢弃，抛弃If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it.Read the manufacturer's guidelines before discarding the box....looking for discarded cigarette butts.discard old beliefs/ discard prejudices110. dominant adj. dominate vt. domination n.支配的; 最有影响的exercising the most influence or control111. acknowledge vt. 承认；公认为；认为If you acknowledge a fact or a situation, you accept or admit that it is true or that it exists. (FORMAL) = admitNaylor acknowledged, in a letter to the judge, that he was a drugaddict.If someone's achievements, status, or qualities are acknowledged, they are known about and recognized by a lot of people, or by a particular group of people. = recognizeHe is also acknowledged as an excellent goal-keeper.112. restraint n. 抑制; 遏制, 制止; 限制; 约束Restraints are rules or conditions that limit or restrict someone or something.With open frontiers and lax visa controls, criminals could cross into the country without restraint.113. be oblivious of 健忘的；忘却的；不知不觉的；不自觉的Lacking all memory; forgetful Lacking conscious awareness; unmindful 114. fragile adj. fragility n. 易被打碎的、易被毁坏的；脆弱的easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail115. witness vt.If you say that a place, period of time, or person witnessed a particular event or change, you mean that it happened in that place, during that period of time, or while that person was alive.India has witnessed many political changes in recent years.The year 1886 witnessed the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.116. define vt. to specify distinctly 限定, 规定117. surge n.sudden increase 激增There’s a surge in electricity demand at around 7 pm.118. magnification n. 放大; 扩大the act of magnifying or the state of being magnified119. illustration n. illustrate vt.120. emergence n. emerge v. 浮现，出现the act or process of emerging121. exponential adj. exponent n. 指数的122. axiom n.格言; 定理; 公理123. warfare n.124. cumulative adj. cumulate vt.125. sustenance n.126. unrestrained adj. restrain vt.127. exploitation n. exploit vt.128. implication n. imply vt. 含意129. awaken vt.When you awaken to a fact or when someone awakens you to it, you become aware of it. (LITERARY)...the picture of the Earth, so blue and fragile, that awakened a generation to the Earth's mortality.130. symptom n. 征候，征兆; 迹象或表征a characteristic sign or indication of the existence of something else 131. ozone depletion132. deforest v. deforestation n. 砍伐森林to cut down and clear away the trees or forests fromdeforestation n.133. operate vi.134. cause and effect135. ecological system = ecosystem136. precedent n. 先例an act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances137. subsequent adj. 随后的following in time or order; succeeding138. subsequence n. 后来, 随后; 随后发生的事情; 后果139. i nstitution n.140. all-out adj. 竭尽全力的，不择手段的using all available means or resources141. sobering adj. 使清醒的, 使冷静的You say that something is a sobering thought or has a sobering effect when a situation seems serious and makes youbecome serious and thoughtful.It is a sobering thought that in the 17th century she could have been burnt as a witch.142. strategy n. strategist n. strategic adj.143. obscure vt. obscurity n. 遮住; 遮掩；使模糊；使朦胧to make dim or indistinct: T o conceal in obscurity; hideTrees obscured his vision.The moon was obscured by dark clouds144. deploy vt. deployment n.部署; 配置To deploy troops or military resources means to organize or position them so that they are ready to be used.The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops....the US-made Patriot anti-missile system which was deployed in the Gulf war.145. inspire vt.to draw forth; elicit or arouse 引起, 产生Someone or something that inspires a particular emotion or reaction in people makes them feel this emotion or reaction.The car's performance is effortless and its handling is precise and quickly inspires confidence.146. arise out of 由...而引起, 由...而产生147. obsolete adj. outdated 废弃的；过时的148. disarm vi. 解除武装; 裁减[废除]军备give up the use of weapons, esp. nuclear weapons149. unilateral adj. 一方的; 单方的of, on, relating to, involving, or affecting only one side150. bilateral adj.双边的，双方的affecting or undertaken by two sides equally; binding on both parties 151. denial n. deny vt. 拒绝a refusal to comply with or satisfy a request152. rogue n. 无赖，流氓，恶棍an unprincipled, deceitful, and unreliable person; a scoundrel or rascal.153. gene n. genetic adj.genetic engineering154. drastic adj. 严厉或剧烈的；极端的severe or radical in nature; extreme155. reinvent vt. 重新确立或使用to bring back into existence or usereinvented the concept of neighborliness 重新确立睦邻的概念156. heal vt. to set right; repair使恢复正常；修缮healed the rift between us 弥补我们之间的裂痕157. relate to。