浅析《夜访吸血鬼》中的三个“我”摘要安妮·赖斯在代表作《吸血鬼编年史》中刻画了一系列与众不同的吸血鬼形象。
她作品中的吸血鬼形象不同于以往同类作品中的“完全恶魔化”形象，而是被赋予了人性。
他们对于生活有不同的态度，他们苦苦追求自我、追求美好，却始终被社会排斥在外，游离于黑暗之中。
莱斯特，路易和克劳蒂娅是安妮·赖斯在1976年出版的小说《夜访吸血鬼》中的人物，也是她笔下吸血鬼的代表人物。
他们的生活充满了矛盾和迷茫，尽管拥有一个与日月同在的生命，他们仍然迷失在本我、自我与超我中并且导致了三个“我”的错位。
本文将从本我、自我和超我的角度分析《夜访吸血鬼》中的这三个人物：莱斯特放纵的本我和缺失的自我；路易对超我的屈从；克劳蒂娅对自我的认知。
三个“我”的错位也最终造成了他们不同的命运。
关键词：《夜访吸血鬼》，本我，自我和超我，错位Analysis of Three “Ego”s of Interview with the VampireAbstractAnne Rice depicts a series of vampires in her representative novel series the V ampire Chronicles and she is addressed as “the mother of vampire”. Vampire images in her fictions are distinct from other “absolutely evil” images of those in former works, and they are endowed with more humanism. They have different attitudes to life. They try to find real egos and pursue the beauty of life, but only can wander in the dark and always excluded from the society. Lestat, Louis and Claudia are characters of Interview with the Vampire by Anne Rice in 1976. They are common examples of this kind of vampire images. Their whole lives are filled with contradictions and confusions, which make them lose themselves between id, ego and superego. As a result, there are dislocations of their three “ego”s. This thesis aims to analyze these three characters by id, ego and superego in following perspective: Lestat‟s indulgence of id; Louis‟ s subordination to superego; Claudia‟s realization of ego. The dislocation of the three “ego”s results in their different fates.Key words: Interview with the Vampire; id, ego and superego; dislocationContents1. Introduction1.1 Anne Rice and Her Interview with the VampireAnne Rice is one of the famous contemporary American novelists, who is addressed as “the mother of vampire” as she creates an enormous “vampire empire” in her work the Vampire Chronicles. “The ever mysterious vampire world she created has made her the most popular vampire novelist since Bram Stoker.”[](p.35) Most of the themes of her novels are lonely people‟s pursuit of ego in historical background. Her works are wildly known because of the lively description of terrorist plots. “There are differences and similarities for Rice‟s vampires, when compared with …vampire ancestor‟, Dracula.”[] In general, characters in Rice‟s works are isolated groups in the real world or spiritual world.At the beginning of Interview with the Vampire, Louis is interviewed by a young journalist. Louis tells the journalist his experience from his youth when he was a French-American manor owner. After losing his deeply beloved younger brother, Louis is transformed into a vampire by another vampire named Lestat in self-accusation and desperation. Nevertheless, Louis could not face the reality that vampires have to kill to feed themselves. In order to make Louis accept his identity as a vampire and hunt human willingly, Lestat creates a 5-year-old girl vampire named Claudia. About 60 years later, Claudia designs a plan to kill Lestat due to his endless control and the reality that her appearance would never change after she is enchanted by Lestat. After that, Claudia and Louis fly to Europe to find their origin, seeking other vampires to know vampire‟s nature. When they arrive in Paris, they find a vampire theater, where most of the vampires are living meaningless lives. And later, Lestat appears again and persuades these vampires in theater to kill Claudia and her “new vampire mother”. After Claudia‟s death, Louis becomes angry and depressed, so he burns those vampires huffily. After that, he goes to New Orleans and lives here alone.1.2 The Introduction of Id, Ego and SuperegoA complete personality includes id, ego and superego, and a healthy individual can find a balance between them to form the personality. Id is the most impulsive partin one‟s personality, following the “pleasure principle”. And its ultimate goal is reaching the instinctive desires desperately and get happiness. Superego suppresses the id in one‟s personality and it follows “ideal principle”,by suppressing the bad practice of id. And the ultimate goal of superego is to make an individual perfect. Ego is the composition of rational spirit, which locates n among id, superego and the reality. And ego follows the “reality principle”. The only thing that ego can do is no more than struggle in the middle of these three, resulting in a balance. For example, “Louis has become a vampire, he struggled among the id, superego and the real world continually, and chose the way he could live in difficulty.” []In other words, even Louis is a vampire, there is still humanity in his mind, which struggles with the nature of vampire. And even until the end of the story, his ego still can‟t find a balance but entirely gets lost in his personality.2. Literature ReviewInterview with the Vampire is the first publication of Anne Rice‟s vam pire novels, which is a kind of Gothic fiction. But it is not traditional Gothic fiction or vampire novel, as it has been mentioned in section one. The vampire images in Anne Rice‟s novel are not traditional vampires who only kill people to drink their blood without thinking the meaning of life. Anne Rice‟s vampires have humanity and feelings, to some extent, they are more close to human rather than ghost. So Mark Rein Hagen speaks highly of her, “Anne Rice subverts the images of traditional vampire stories completely, without her, there will no concept of modern vampire culture.”[] All in all, Anne Rices creates a new kind of vampire novel as vampire images in her novels are distinct from traditional vampire images.2.1 Researches on Interview with the Vampire AbroadFrom 1976 to the mid 1980s, the research on Anne Rice‟s novels is not systematic, which is categorized as Gothic fictions. Scholars study Interview with the Vampire from philosophical, aesthetic, feminist, psychological and ideological approaches. Take the feminist approach, many critics applies feminism to the gothic novels in the early 70s. For example, Ellen Moer claims that the “female gothic” should be classified as one genre of gothic novels focusing on female horror. InGeorge E. Haggerty‟ s Anne Rice and the Queering of Culture in 1998, he insists on a homosexual interpretation of Anne Rice‟s Interview with the Vampire. Candace R. Benefiel mainly analyses Rice‟s work from the perspective of a nuclear family in Blood relations: The Gothic P erversion of the Nuclear Family in Anne Rice‟s Interview with the Vampire.From the mid 1980s to early 21st century, some scholars starts to consider that Rice‟s novels breaks through the traditional mode of Gothic novel probing into numbers of significant contemporary social issues. Then academics begins to focus on such areas as narrative perspective, themes, main characters, plots and literary techniques of Anne Rice‟s vampire novels through the close reading. All in all, academics attempt to explain Interview with the Vampire from various perspectives. However, it is not a systematic study till now. Although there are some studies of the characters in Interview with the Vampire, yet few critics analyze the characters of the novel from id, ego and superego. This thesis aims to analyze these three characters in Interview with the Vampire by the perspective of id, ego and superego.2.2 Researches on Interview with the Vampire at HomeWith more and more Gothic novels being translated into Chinese, there is a booming development of study of the Gothic fictions in the late 1990s at home. Since then the vampire novels are paid more attention. However, there are only a few studies about Anne Rice‟s novels. But since the movie is adapted from the novel of the same name in 1994, more and more people focus on Interview with the Vampire. And these studies mainly focus on the following aspects: The first one is the analysis of the implicit homosexuality between Lestat and Louis, as the homosexual problems is widely expounded in the novel Interview with the Vampire. Mai Yongxiong has well interpreted this aspect “people assume that the sufferings brought by vampires are equal to the sufferings (AIDS) caused by homosexual intercourse, so they feel both panic and fascinated by vampires.” [] To some extent, vampire is regarded as homosexual because contaminated blood can create a new vampire, and AIDS are found in homosexual group commonly, which could be infected by blood. “Vampire is a metaphor, referring to acts of sadomas ochism including homosexual love.”[](p.26)The second perspective is analyzing Louis‟s pursuit of ego in the perspective of existentialism. “Though Louis suffered from loss of love and faith, even meaning in existence, he never chooses to commit to suicide and even seems to find his inner power, which hits off well with Sartre‟ s theory that man will grasp tightly the world as involving negation or nothingness.”[] Moreover, the third aspect is to analyze Louis and Claudia by Freud‟s personality theory, as t hese two vampires are typical vampire images in Anne Rice‟s work. There is a conflict between their instincts and remaining humanities, which makes them painful and confused. This conflict is a kind of struggle between id and superego according to personality theory. In short, satisfying their instincts of killing for blood is a representation of id and maintaining human‟s morality is a representation of superego.3. Characters Analysis Based on the Perspective of Id, Ego and Superego3.1 Lestat: Indulgence of IdLestat is the protagonist of Anne Rice‟s the Vampire Chronicles. In Interview with the Vampire, Lestat is the vampire who changes Louis and Claudia. Lestat gives Louis and Claudia eternal lives, but he does not tell them how to be a vampire except some basic rules. He rejects to tell Louis and Claudia more about vampire, which predicts that Louis and Claudia will revenge on him and leave him to find other teachers.Lestat is cruel and apathetic, and he is disrespectful extremely to life itself. Lesta t finishes one‟s life without any moral concepts and constraints of conscience. Lestat focuses on revenging on the human life, and the only pursuit of him is extreme pleasure. “Let them quickly fall in love with him, and then send them to hell.”[](p.324) In daily life, Lestat puts the definition of vampire into practice, so he acts as a killer. Apart from that, Louis meets up with his quest for hedonism and pleasure principles, and the desires of his heart.Lestat is contradictory and annoyed even he is a vampire. Lestat cannot bear loneliness, which is the byproduct of the eternal life. And then Louis is changed by Lestat because Lestat needs a companion and a comfortable living condition. In order to live a more comfortable life, Lestat chooses a companion for himself, which is a。
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