Noise Control 噪声控制
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噪声控制的基本原理
噪声控制的基本原理是通过降低或消除噪声源的产生、传播和接收路径上的噪声能量来减少噪声的影响。
在噪声控制的过程中,需要从三个方面进行考虑和处理:噪声源的控制、噪声传播路径的控制以及噪声接收端的控制。
首先,对于噪声源的控制,可以通过减少噪声源的产生或改进噪声源的结构来降低噪声的能量。
例如,在机械设备中可以使用减振措施或改进机械部件的设计来减少噪声的产生。
在声学设备中,可以使用消音器、隔声板等来减少噪声的产生。
其次,对于噪声传播路径的控制,可以采用隔声、隔振等措施来降低噪声的传播。
隔声是通过使用隔声材料或构造隔声结构来阻碍噪声的传播。
隔振是通过使用隔振装置或材料来减少噪声的传递。
这些措施可以有效地阻止噪声的传播,从而降低噪声的影响范围。
最后,对于噪声接收端的控制,可以使用主动噪声控制技术或被动噪声控制技术来减少噪声的影响。
主动噪声控制技术是通过使用传感器和控制系统来监测和反馈噪声信号,然后产生与噪声相反的声波,以抵消噪声。
被动噪声控制技术则是通过使用隔音材料或隔离装置来吸收或阻挡噪声,减少其对接收端的影响。
综上所述,噪声控制的基本原理是通过控制噪声源的产生、传
播和接收路径来减少噪声的影响。
通过采取有效的措施,可以有效地降低噪声对人们生活和工作的干扰。
一、课程基本信息课程代码:260441课程名称:噪声污染控制英文名称:课程类别:专业选修课学时:45 〔讲授 36 学时+实验 9 学时学分:2.5合用对象:环境工程考核方式:考试,期评成绩中考试成绩占 70%,平时成绩为 30%。
先修课程:二、课程简介中文简介随着现代工业、交通运输业和城市建设的发展,环境噪声污染已经成为国内外影响最大的公害之一。
本课程分两部份:噪声的基本知识,包括声波的定义、基本性质、评价和标准、噪声的测试以及噪声影响评价。
噪声控制的常用技术:吸声、隔声、消声器、隔振、阻尼减振。
最后通过应用实例,理论联系实际,综合运用以上的各种处理措施。
Brief introduction in EnglishWith the development of modern industry, transportation and urban construction, environmental noise pollution is becoming the serious problem inside and outside country.The course is divided into two parts: the fundamental knowledge, including the definition of noise/fundamental character/evaluation and standard/test of noise and noise impact assessment.The common technology of noise control: absorption sound/insulation sound/muffler/vibration isolation/damp vibration reduction.At last ,theory contacts fact. All kinds of treatment measure are used synthetically through the application example.三、课程性质与教学目的噪声污染控制是高等学校环境工程专业的一门重要专业课。
nvh效率优化算法NVH(Noise、Vibration、Harshness)效率优化算法主要针对汽车工程中的噪音、振动和粗糙度问题进行优化。
为了提高NVH性能,研究人员提出了许多算法和方法,以下是一些常见的NVH效率优化算法:1. 主动噪声控制(Active Noise Control,ANC):主动噪声控制是通过计算目标噪声源的逆傅里叶变换,生成一个与目标噪声相位相反的声波,从而实现噪声消除。
主动噪声控制方法包括前馈控制、反馈控制和自适应控制等。
2. 主动振动控制(Active Vibration Control,AVC):主动振动控制是通过实时测量系统的振动响应,计算出振动控制信号,然后通过执行器对振动进行抑制。
主动振动控制方法包括频域控制、时域控制和模型预测控制等。
3. 结构优化算法(Structural Optimization,SO):结构优化算法是通过调整结构参数,使系统的振动特性得到改善。
常见的结构优化方法有有限元优化、遗传算法、粒子群优化等。
4. 声学优化算法(Acoustic Optimization,AO):声学优化算法主要针对汽车内部和外部的声学环境进行优化。
常见的声学优化方法有边界元法、有限元法、统计能量分析法等。
5. 灵敏度分析法(Sensitivity Analysis,SA):灵敏度分析法是通过计算各设计变量对目标函数的贡献程度,找出对NVH性能影响较大的设计变量,从而指导设计改进。
6. 神经网络优化算法(Neural Network Optimization,NNO):神经网络优化算法通过训练神经网络模型,实现对NVH性能的预测和优化。
常见的神经网络模型有feedforward 神经网络、recurrent 神经网络等。
7. 模糊逻辑优化算法(Fuzzy Logic Optimization,FLO):模糊逻辑优化算法是基于模糊规则进行推理,从而实现对NVH性能的优化。
anc方案ANC方案简介ANC(Active Noise Control),即主动噪声控制,是一种通过引入与输入信号相反的噪声,来减小环境噪声的技术方法。
它是利用电子技术和信号处理技术来实现的,适用于消除噪声对人们正常生活和工作所造成的干扰。
ANC方案已在许多领域广泛应用,如音频设备、交通工具和工业环境等。
本文将介绍ANC方案的原理、应用以及未来的发展趋势。
原理ANC方案的原理基于以下几个步骤:1. 麦克风捕捉环境噪声信号。
2. 预处理环境噪声信号,对其进行滤波和放大处理。
3. 生成与环境噪声信号相反的反相信号。
4. 通过耳机或扬声器播放反相信号。
5. 反相信号与环境噪声信号相互抵消,达到降噪效果。
ANC方案基于信号的叠加原理,通过实时采集环境噪声并生成相反的反相信号,对环境噪声进行干扰抵消。
其核心技术是数字信号处理(DSP),通过对噪声信号的采集、滤波和编码解码等处理,使降噪效果更加精确和稳定。
应用ANC方案已经广泛应用于以下领域:1. 音频设备ANC技术在耳机和扬声器等音频设备中得到了广泛应用。
通过将降噪功能融入耳机和扬声器中,可以让用户在嘈杂的环境中享受更清晰、更优质的音频体验。
无论是在户外使用还是在办公室享受音乐,ANC技术都能有效减少环境噪声对音频的干扰,提升听觉感受。
2. 交通工具ANC技术在汽车、火车和飞机等交通工具中有着广泛的应用。
这些交通工具的引擎声、路面噪声以及风噪等都会对乘客的舒适度和健康产生不良影响。
通过将ANC技术应用于车辆或飞机的音响系统中,可以实现对车内或机舱内环境噪声的实时补偿和抵消,为乘客提供更加安静和舒适的旅行环境。
3. 工业环境在工业生产过程中,机器设备的运行噪声可能对工人的健康产生负面影响。
通过在生产线上安装ANC系统,可以实时监测环境噪声,并通过发出反相信号来减少噪声的影响。
这不仅可以提高工人的工作环境,还可以降低工伤风险,改善生产效率。
发展趋势ANC方案作为一种先进的降噪技术,未来有着广阔的发展前景。
噪声的控制措施引言噪声是指不受欢迎的声音,它对人类的健康和生活品质有着重要的影响。
在日常生活中,噪声来自于各种各样的源头,如交通工具、工厂、建筑工地等。
为了保护人们的健康和提升生活质量,控制噪声变得至关重要。
本文将介绍一些常见的噪声控制措施,以帮助人们降低噪声水平。
噪声测量与评估在进行噪声控制之前,首先需要进行噪声测量和评估,以确定噪声的来源和水平。
常用的测量指标包括声压级(Lp)、声能平均值(Leq)和频谱分析等。
通过测量和评估,可以为后续的噪声控制提供基础数据。
噪声控制措施以下是一些常见的噪声控制措施:工程控制工程控制是通过改变噪声源的设计和操作来减少噪声的传播。
这包括以下几个方面:1.声音隔离:通过使用隔音材料和隔音结构来减少噪声的传播。
例如,在建筑物设计中使用吸音材料、减少振动传输等。
2.声音吸收:通过使用吸音材料来减少噪声的反射。
这可以通过在墙壁、天花板和地板上使用异形吸音板、吸音砖等来实现。
3.声音屏蔽:通过在噪声源和受影响区域之间设置屏蔽物来减少噪声的传播。
例如,在高速公路旁设置隔音屏障来减少交通噪声的传播。
行政控制行政控制是通过法律法规和管理措施来限制噪声的产生和传播。
以下是一些常见的行政噪声控制措施:1.噪声限制法规:政府可以颁布相关法规,限制噪声水平。
例如,规定交通工具的噪声限制标准、工厂的噪声排放标准等。
2.环境评估:在规划和建设项目之前需要进行环境评估,以评估项目对噪声环境的影响,并采取相应的措施来减少噪声。
3.噪声监测与处罚:建立噪声监测系统,定期对噪声进行监测,并对超过限制标准的噪声源进行处罚。
个人控制个人控制是指个体采取行动来减少自身受到的噪声影响。
以下是一些个人噪声控制措施:1.使用个人防护设备:如耳塞、耳罩等,可以有效减少人们受到的噪声影响。
2.调整生活方式:合理安排作息时间,选择低噪声的休闲活动场所,减少噪声对身体的影响。
结论噪声控制是保护人们健康和提升生活质量的重要措施。
anc芯片原理-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述ANC芯片,全称为Active Noise Control芯片,是一种专门用于抑制噪声的集成电路芯片。
噪声是我们日常生活和工作中无法避免的环境干扰因素,它会给我们带来不便和困扰,甚至对健康造成影响。
为了解决这一问题,ANC芯片应运而生。
ANC芯片的基本原理是通过感知环境中的噪声信号,并产生与噪声相反的音频信号,以实现噪声的主动抵消。
它可以用于消除机械噪声、交通噪声、风噪声等各种类型的噪声。
ANC芯片通常由多个传感器、滤波器、放大器和控制单元等组成,通过复杂的算法对噪声信号进行处理,从而实现高效的噪声抑制效果。
ANC芯片的应用领域十分广泛。
它可以应用于消费电子产品,如耳机、音箱等,使用户能够在噪声环境下享受清晰、高质量的音乐体验;同时,ANC芯片也广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、工业设备等领域,用于降低噪声对人们生活和工作的干扰和损害。
然而,ANC芯片的广泛应用也带来了一些挑战。
首先,ANC芯片需要消耗大量的电能来实现噪声的抵消,这对于一些便携式设备来说可能是一个问题;其次,由于噪声的复杂性和多样性,ANC芯片的设计和优化也具有一定的难度;此外,ANC芯片的成本较高,这也限制了其在某些领域的推广和应用。
综上所述,ANC芯片作为一种高效的噪声抑制技术,具有广阔的应用前景。
随着科技的不断进步,我们可以期待ANC芯片在未来的发展中变得更加智能、高效并且更加节能环保。
1.2 文章结构文章结构本篇文章主要围绕ANC芯片的原理展开,以帮助读者更全面地了解ANC(Active Noise Cancellation)技术以及其在各个领域的应用。
为了更好地组织文章内容,本文将分为以下几个部分进行详细介绍。
第一部分是引言部分,包括概述、文章结构和目的。
在概述中,我们将简要介绍ANC芯片的背景和基本概念,引起读者的兴趣。
文章结构部分(本节)将详细解释本文的整体架构,让读者能够对文章的内容有一个清晰的了解。
第1篇一、引言噪音污染是现代社会中普遍存在的问题,它不仅影响人们的日常生活,还对人们的身心健康产生严重影响。
为了保障公民的生活质量和生活环境,加拿大政府制定了严格的噪音法律规定。
本文将详细介绍加拿大的噪音法律规定,包括法律的时间限制、适用范围、处罚措施等内容。
二、加拿大噪音法律规定概述加拿大噪音法律规定主要包括以下三个方面:1. 噪音标准的制定加拿大政府根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的标准,结合本国实际情况,制定了噪音标准。
这些标准适用于住宅、商业、工业等各个领域,旨在降低噪音污染对公众的影响。
2. 噪音控制措施加拿大政府要求各地方政府制定相应的噪音控制措施,如限制夜间施工、禁止在特定区域进行噪音较大的活动等。
同时,政府还鼓励企业和个人采取降噪措施,减少噪音污染。
3. 噪音投诉与处理加拿大政府建立了噪音投诉处理机制,公民可以向相关部门投诉噪音问题。
相关部门接到投诉后,将对噪音源进行调查,并采取相应的处理措施。
三、加拿大噪音法律规定时间限制1. 工业噪音加拿大工业噪音法律规定,工业噪音不得超过规定的分贝值。
具体时间限制如下:(1)白天(6:00-22:00):不得超过75分贝;(2)夜间(22:00-6:00):不得超过60分贝。
2. 建筑施工噪音加拿大建筑施工噪音法律规定,建筑施工噪音不得超过规定的分贝值。
具体时间限制如下:(1)白天(6:00-22:00):不得超过75分贝;(2)夜间(22:00-6:00):不得超过60分贝。
3. 交通噪音加拿大交通噪音法律规定,交通噪音不得超过规定的分贝值。
具体时间限制如下:(1)白天(6:00-22:00):不得超过75分贝;(2)夜间(22:00-6:00):不得超过65分贝。
4. 住宅噪音加拿大住宅噪音法律规定,住宅噪音不得超过规定的分贝值。
具体时间限制如下:(1)白天(6:00-22:00):不得超过60分贝;(2)夜间(22:00-6:00):不得超过50分贝。
噪声控制课件噪声控制课件噪声是我们日常生活中无法避免的一部分,它来自于交通、工业、建筑等各个方面。
噪声不仅会对人们的身心健康造成负面影响,还会干扰我们的思维和集中注意力。
为了解决这个问题,噪声控制成为了一个重要的课题。
在这篇文章中,我们将探讨噪声控制的原理和方法。
1. 噪声的定义和分类噪声是指那些不受欢迎的声音或声音的集合。
根据噪声的频率特征,可以将噪声分为低频噪声、中频噪声和高频噪声。
低频噪声一般来自于交通和机械设备,中频噪声主要来自于办公设备和家用电器,高频噪声则来自于电子设备和通信设备。
2. 噪声对人们的影响噪声对人们的身心健康有着不可忽视的负面影响。
长期暴露在高噪声环境下,人们容易出现听力损伤、失眠、焦虑和抑郁等问题。
此外,噪声还会干扰人们的思维和集中注意力,影响工作和学习效率。
3. 噪声控制的原理噪声控制的原理是通过减少噪声源的声音产生或传播来达到降噪的效果。
这可以通过以下几种方式来实现:- 噪声源控制:采取措施减少噪声源的声音产生,比如使用低噪声设备、改善机械设备的隔音性能等。
- 声音传播控制:通过隔音材料、隔音墙等手段来减少声音的传播,阻挡噪声从源头到达人们的耳朵。
- 接受者保护:通过佩戴耳塞、耳机等设备来减少噪声对人们的影响,保护听力。
4. 噪声控制的方法噪声控制的方法多种多样,根据具体情况选择适合的方法可以有效降低噪声。
- 建筑隔音:在建筑设计和装修过程中,使用隔音材料和隔音墙来减少噪声的传播。
- 交通噪声控制:采取交通管制、道路隔离带、降速措施等手段来减少交通噪声对周围居民的影响。
- 工业噪声控制:改进机械设备的设计,增加隔音措施,限制工作时间和噪声水平等方式来降低工业噪声。
- 室内噪声控制:使用隔音材料、隔音窗帘等来减少室内噪声的传播,同时避免使用高噪声的家用电器。
- 个人防护:佩戴耳塞、耳机等设备来保护个人听力,减少噪声对身体的伤害。
5. 噪声控制的挑战和前景噪声控制面临着一些挑战,比如高成本、技术难题和法律法规等。
PAGE 1 / 71. PurposeThe implementation of this procedure provides for monitoring of hearing; however individuals must realise that conservation of hearing depends entirely on them wearing adequate hearing protection when entering noisy worksites or undertaking activities that involve damaging noise levels both at work and privately.This procedure should be read in conjunction with the safty handbook and the personal protective equipment (PPE) procedure.2. Reference2.1 SAES-A-105, “Noise Control”2.2 HSE Manual-ZPEB2.3 ZPEB HSE Programs for Drilling Rigs3. Definition and AcronymsAmbient Noise: A measure of the intensity, duration, and character of sounds from all sources that affect a given location.Decibel (dB): The standard unit of sound intensity measurement.dB(A): The sound level in decibels read on the "A"-scale of a sound level meter. The "A"-scale weighting best approximates the response of the human ear to sound.dB(C): The sound level in decibels read on the C-scale of a sound level meter. The C- scale discriminates very little against very low frequencies. It is best used in engineering control and hearing conservation applications.Engineering Controls: A physical means of reducing noise exposure which does not include the use of personal hearing protection. Examples are: 1) substitution of manufacturing equipment or processes, 2) isolation brought about by barriers, enclosures, and the like, or 3) modification of the equipment, including the addition of materials such as absorbers and damping materials.Feasible: Technical feasibility is the existence of technical know-how as to materials and methods available or adaptable to specific circumstances which can be applied to control noise with a reasonable possibility that employee exposure to occupational noise will be reduced.Impulse Noise: A noise of short duration (typically less than one second), especially of high intensity, abrupt onset and rapid decay, and often rapidly changing spectral composition. Impulse noises are characteristically associated with such sources asPAGE 2 / 7explosions, impacts, firearm discharges, sonic booms, and many industrial processes. Noise: A sound which is unwanted, either because of its effect on humans, its effect on fatigue or malfunction of physical equipment, or its interference with the perception or detection of other sounds.Noise Exposure: A cumulative acoustic stimulation which reaches the ear of a person over a specified period of time such as a work shift, a day, a working life, or a lifetime. Noise Hazard: An acoustic stimulation of the ear which is likely to produce noise induced permanent hearing loss in some of the exposed population.Noise Level Assessment: is an assessment of workplace noise which determines the level and duration of noise exposure; and must take into account plant and other sources of noise in the workplace, systems of work at the workplace, other relevant factors, and must not take into account the effect of any hearing protectors used by persons in the workplace.Occupational Noise: Noise arising from the scope of employment.Sound: An oscillation in pressure, stress, particle displacement, particle velocity, and so on, propagated in an elastic material, in a medium with internal forces; or the superposition of such propagated oscillations. Also, the sensation produced through the organs of hearing usually by vibrations transmitted in a material medium, commonly air.Sound Absorption: The change of sound energy into some other form, usually heat, on passing through a medium or striking a surface. Also, the property possessed by materials and objects, including air, or absorbing sound energy.Sound Level Meter: An instrument designed to measure sound pressure levels in decibels referenced to 0.0002 microbars.ZPADC Zhongyuan Petroleum Arabia Drilling Company4. Responsibilities4.1 Rig Manager4.1.1 Are to ensure that employees receive education and training of the risks ofexposure to noise and the appropriate noise control measures.4.1.2 Must supply appropriate personal hearing protectors, and instruction in thecorrect use and maintenance of hearing protectors to employeespotentially exposed to excessive workplace noise.4.1.3 Are to ensure all staff (including Managers) wear appropriate hearingPAGE 3 / 7protection in areas where this is required, to set the right example.4.1.4 Are to contact the HSE Coordinator if a concern is raised by staff, studentsor visitors regarding workplace noise, so that a noise level assessment canbe completed4.1.5 Implement measures required to control noise exposure (following thehierarchy of risk controls), and any other measures arising from noise levelassessments within their work areas.4.1.6 Advise the Human Resources Department of employees requiringaudiometric testing including:● New employees who may work in noisy environments● On a 2 year cycle, all employees who may work in noisy environments4.1.7 Ensure that appropriate signage is in place identifying work areas wherehearing protection is required, such as engine room.4.1.8 Ensure that the noise level is considered when purchasing plant orequipment, so that so far as is practicable that employees will not beexposed to noise that exceeds the exposure standard.4.1.9 Ensure the air pollution mitigation procedure is being carried out as per therequirement.4.1.10 Ensure the relevant positions have been trained and able to perform theirduty regarding to the air pollution mitigation.4.2 Safety officer4.2.1 Participate where practicable in noise level assessments and develop ofsuitable risk control measures within their Designated Work Group4.2.2 Act in a consultative role regarding noise management within theirDesignated Work Group4.2.3 Provide appropriate advice to members of their Designated Work Groupregarding the Institute Hearing Conservation Procedure and steps to taketo report noise concerns4.2.4 Monitor the Institute audiometric testing system, and where consideredrelevant in a Designated Work Group, review the aggregated audiometrictest results for their Designated Work Group.4.3 Rig Staff4.3.1 Are required to cooperate with Managers in the implementation of thePAGE 4 / 7Hearing Conservation Procedure and conduct themselves in a mannerconsistent with safe work practices.4.3.2 Attend a hearing conservation workshop if they work in potentially noisyenvironments at the Institute4.3.3 Are to report to their Manager any work areas or instances where theyconsider the noise level to be excessive5. General Requirement5.1 Exposure to excessive amounts of noise can damage the 'hair' cells in the innerear which results in loss of hearing. The earliest effects on hearing from excess noise exposure are loss of hearing in the mid-higher range frequencies i.e. centred around 4,000 Hz.5.2 Engineering controls shall be used, if feasible, to reduce equipment- generatednoise exposure to less than 90 dB(A).5.3 Areas having occupational noise levels exceeding 85 dB(A) shall be classified asNoise Hazard Areas. The area boundaries and entrances shall be posted with warning signs requiring hearing protection. Additional means of delineating the areas may also be used, such as outlining with painted lines or chain link fencing.5.4 Exposure to noise levels over 85dB for eight hours each day for prolonged periods(or higher levels of noise for shorter periods) may result in permanent hearing loss. Exposure to noise at 85dB on an eight hour working day (or equivalent) is known as a daily noise dose (DND). Noise levels can be measured with a sound level meter and noise exposures over a period of time can be measured by noise dosimeters.5.5 New Facilities and Major Modifications5.5.1 If the noise level of any area within the new facility/major modification islikely to exceed 85 dB(A), engineering control and other method shall betaken to reduce the dBs.5.5.2 Closed or partially closed spaces containing equipment that exceeds 85dB(A) shall be designed, and construction materials selected, to minimizethe effects of echoes and reverberation.5.6 New Equipment5.6.1 Try not purchase any new piece of equipment, integrated unit orreplacement of pre-existing that will generate noise in excess of 85 dB(A)at a distance of one meter. Require the manufacturer to minimize thePAGE 5 / 7amount of dB(A) if feasible. If necessary special person will visit the manufacturer to ensure the noise level is under permissible exposure limit.5.6.2 Upon installation, new equipment shall not generate noise in excess of 90dB(A) at a distance of one meter after feasible engineering controls have been implemented. Exceptions to this requirement are emergency sirens, alarms, and loudspeakers.5.7 Personnel Exposure Levels5.7.1 Personnel shall not be exposed to continuous occupational noise levels(i.e., those with duration of one second or greater) in excess of those listed in Table 2(attached). Sound level measurements shall be made at a distance of one meter from the equipment, using a sound level meter set to "A"- scale weighting and to "slow" response.5.7.2 Personnel shall not be exposed to impulse or impact occupational noiselevels (i.e., those with duration of less than one second) that exceed a peak sound pressure level of 140 dB. All intermittent and impulsive sound levels from 80 dB to 140 dB shall be integrated into the noise measurements.5.7.3 When personnel are exposed to occupational noise levels equal to orexceeding an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 85 dB(A) or, equivalently, a dose of fifty percent (50%) of the allowed values, Company-approved hearing protection devices shall be provided and their correct use strictly enforced by supervisory personnel.5.7.4 Occupational noise level monitoring will be conducted periodically inconjunction with regularly scheduled facility surveys and whenever personnel noise exposure changes to the extent that additional employees may need to be added to the Hearing Conservation Program. Monitoring shall also be conducted at the request of facility management.5.7.5 The monitoring requirement for hearing conservation purposes shall bemet by personal monitoring in conjunction with survey monitoring that is representative of the employee's exposure.5.8 Noise Control5.8.1 Engineering noise controlWhere noise hazards present a risk to the hearing of employees engineering controls should be considered:Modification of the noise source.PAGE 6 / 7●Modification of noise transmission paths such as barricade the noise source. ● inspection and maintenance of machinery.Note: Noise hazards should be a major consideration when purchasing new equipment.5.8.2 Administrative controlsReduction of noise exposure to employees may also be achieved by controls over exposure times or other administrative means.5.8.3 PPEWear ear protection while entering or working in the noise hazard zone.5.9 Audiometric Test5.9.1 Employees who work in the noise hazard area are required to attend theaudiometric periodically. In case there is hearing impairment and loss during the test the employee should be adjust the position accordingly.5.9.2 New employee should attend the audiometric test prior to start work in rigsite to ensure the hearing ability meet the job requirement.PAGE 7 / 7Table 1 Typical Noise Levels Duration of Exposure (Hours)Sound Pressure Level, dB(A) 16851287 1088 890 692 495 397 2100 1½102 1105 ½110 ¼ or less 115Table 2 Permissible Noise Exposure Levels Duration of Exposure (Hours)Sound Pressure Level, dB(A) 16851287 1088 890 692 495 397 2100 1½102 1105 ½110 ¼ or less 115。