A perspective on the high-voltage LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel cathode for lithium-ion batteries

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的高电压锂离子电池电解液研究进展周应华;胡亚冬;徐旭荣;张先林【摘要】高电压尖晶石镍锰酸锂(LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)工作电压高达4.7V,具有高的比能量和比功率,循环性能好,环境友好,有望成为下一代锂离子电池正极材料.然而,高电压下常规碳酸酯电解液容易氧化分解,造成电池容量降低,为了推进LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4在商业化中的应用,各个研究组纷纷致力于开发高电压电解液.从导电锂盐,新型溶剂和电解液添加剂三个方面综述了与LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4相匹配的电解液研究进展.【期刊名称】《电源技术》【年(卷),期】2018(042)009【总页数】3页(P1390-1392)【关键词】LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4;高电压电解液;锂盐;溶剂;添加剂【作者】周应华;胡亚冬;徐旭荣;张先林【作者单位】浙江大学化学系求是高等研究院,浙江杭州310027;浙江大学华盛化学锂电池材料研究中心,浙江杭州310027;浙江大学化学系求是高等研究院,浙江杭州310027;浙江大学华盛化学锂电池材料研究中心,浙江杭州310027;浙江大学化学系求是高等研究院,浙江杭州310027;浙江大学华盛化学锂电池材料研究中心,浙江杭州310027;浙江大学华盛化学锂电池材料研究中心,浙江杭州310027;江苏华盛精化工股份有限公司,江苏张家港215635【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM912.9锂离子电池在许多领域已广泛应用，为进一步满足其在电动汽车（EV）或混合电动汽车（HEV）中的供能需求，需开发出具有高比能量和高比功率的电池。

尖晶石镍锰酸锂（LiNi0.5-Mn1.5O4）具有工作电压高，比能量高，比功率高，循环性能好，无毒等优点，有望成为动力电池正极材料[1]。

然而现在还没有与之相匹配的电解液，限制了LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的应用。

基于六氟磷酸锂（LiPF6）的常规碳酸酯电解液在4.5 V左右会氧化分解，并且锂盐LiPF6对水分过于敏感，对热不稳定，会产生侵蚀Li-Ni0.5Mn1.5O4的氟化氢（HF），破坏正极材料，造成电池容量下降 [2]。

静电成像方式英语作文Title: The Principle and Applications of Electrostatic Imaging。

Electrostatic imaging, a technique utilized in various fields including medical diagnostics, security screening, and scientific research, relies on the manipulation of electrostatic forces to generate images. This essay delves into the principle behind electrostatic imaging, its applications, and the advancements in this technology.### Principle of Electrostatic Imaging。

Electrostatic imaging operates on the fundamental principle of electrostatic attraction and repulsion. It involves the creation of an electric field between acharged object and a grounded substrate. When an object is charged, the electric field interacts with nearby particles, causing redistribution of charges and resulting invariations in the electric potential across the surface. Bymeasuring these potential differences, an image of theobject's surface or internal structure can be reconstructed.### Components of Electrostatic Imaging Systems。

ContentsDescription P a ge General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Electrical noise and voltage transients . . . . . . . . .2Power-Suppress 600 benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Harmonics and K-Factor ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2High-efficiency advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Product selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Technical drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5General descriptionEaton’s Power-Suppress 600 series are high-efficiency, K-rated, power conditioning transformers specifically designed to provide a high degree of electrical noise attenuation and transient voltage suppression to sensitive electronic loads . In addition, the Power-Suppress 600 is offered with a K-factor rating of K13 for full compatibility with harmonic-rich, nonlinear loads .The Power-Suppress 600 series meets andexceeds the high-efficiency levels defined by the U .S . Department of Energy (DOE) 2016 Standard, thus providing true energy savings under both linear and nonlinear loads .Power-Suppress 6002Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Electrical noise and voltage transientsElectrical noise is a high-frequency, low-energy signal that travels on the power and ground lines of an electrical distribution system . While conditions external to a facility can cause electrical noise and impulses, the majority of these disturbances are generated by electronic and electrical equipment within the facility . Examples of this equipment include photocopiers, lighting controls, variable speed drives, and motor loads .The electrical noise produced by this equipment can harm digital circuitry, because the high frequencies can easily be coupled into the signal path and cause data corruption . This corruption often results in system upset, unexpected restarts, and nuisanceequipment behavior . In addition to electrical noise and impulses, high-energy transients may also exist that lead to component failurewithin critical electronics and controls .Electrical noise and voltage transients illustratedPower-Suppress 600 benefitsEaton’s Power-Suppress 600 is designed with two full-length electrostatic shields that provide 126 dB common mode noise attenuation . An optional third shield is available that increasesattenuation by 20 db for a total of 146 db . The Power-Suppress 600 not only attenuates noise from input to output, but also prohibitssystem back-feed from noise generating loads . In addition, an optional pre-wired, high-frequency filter and category C3 surge protectiondevice (SPD) provide your critical loads with optimum protection from noise and impulses, as well as high-energy voltage transients .The Power-Suppress 600’s noise attenuation is critical for any application in which digital circuitry is used to scan, measure or monitor critical data, control a critical process, or reproducehigh-quality audio/video signals .Isolation shield benefit levelsHarmonics and K-Factor ratingsCommercial and industrial facilities contain a myriad of electronic and electrical equipment that represent nonlinear loads . Examples include non-PFC power supplies found in computers and lighting, as well as high-powered electronic controls . Linear loads draw current throughout the entire 60 Hz waveform, tracking the applied voltage . Nonlinear loads draw current in short intervals with extraordinarily high magnitudes (see illustration below), generating harmonics (multiples of the fundamental 60 Hz) . These harmonics create additional heat within the transformer windings, and may increase the output neutral current up to 200% on three-phase models with line-to-neutral loading .T o overcome this safety problem, a Power -Suppress 600 transformer is designed specifically to handle the harmonics, heating effects,and increased output neutral current created by nonlinear loads . Its K13rating allows it to be properly applied for both linear and nonlinear loads .High-efficiency advantageThe Power -Suppress 600 is uniquely designed to provide efficiencies that meet and exceed the DOE 2016 Standard .Energy savings are easily seen when comparing the power losses of the Power -Suppress 600 to a transformer only meeting the DOE minimum efficiency . For example, Eaton’s 150 kVA Power -Suppress 600 tested 99% efficient at 35% load; that’s only 530 W of losses compared to the minimum required efficiency of 98 .83%, which represents 621 W of losses . The Power -Suppress 600 power losses were 17% lower, which reflect a decrease in operating costs over the life of the transformer .Efficiency for a given kVA size will vary from transformer to transformer, but the Power -Suppress 600’s design allows its efficiency to still exceed the minimum DOE mandated level .Power-Suppress 600 efficiency examplesote: N The chart above illustrates the efficiency measured on three sample transformers . The “green dots” are positioned to reflect the DOE minimum efficiencies in comparison to the Power-Suppress 600 efficiencies measured .DOE 2016 minimum efficiency levels at 35% of nameplate-rated load with a transformer operating temperature of 75 °C: 45 kVA (98 .40%); 75 kVA (98 .60%); 150 kVA (98 .83%) .3Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600 EATON SpecificationsT able 1. SpecificationsDescriptionSpecificationThree-phase power outputkVA 15, 30, 45, 75, 112, 150, 225, 300, 500Operating frequencyFrequency60 Hz ±5%Note: 50 Hz models available; consult factory.Electrical inputThree-phase 15–150 kV 225–500 kVA 208, 240, 480, or 600 Vac (delta)480, 600 Vac (delta)Voltage taps 15–300 kVA (exception)(2) taps 2.5% full capacity above nominal (4) taps 2.5% full capacity below nominal 112–150 kVA at 208 Vac or 240 Vac (1) tap 5% full capacity above nominal (2) taps 5% full capacity below nominal 500 kVA(1) tap 3.5% full capacity above nominal (2) taps 3.5% full capacity below nominalNote: Special voltages available.Electrical outputThree-phase 208/120, 480/277, or 600/347 Vac (wye)Note: Special voltages available; consult factory.Output impedance 2% to 3.5% typicalOutput distortion Less than 1.0% THD added under linear load Load regulation 2% typical, no load to full loadOverloadUp to 500% for 10 seconds, 1000% for 1 cycleIsolated neutralEstablishes a new neutral to ground bond on the transformer’s outputNoise attenuationCommon mode126 dB—Standard double (2) shield 146 dB—Optional triple (3) shieldTransverse mode3 dB down at 10 kHz, decaying 20 dB per decade; decaying 40 dB with “SPD with high frequency” option Environmental conditionsOperating ambient –25 °C to +40 °CTemperature relative humidity 0 to 95% noncondensingAltitudeUp to 5000 feet above sea level without de-rating Audible noise45 to 55 dBA at 1 meter, depending on kVA sizeEfficiencyU.S.Meets and exceeds U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 2016 high- efficiency standards identified under DOE 10 CFR Part 431CanadaMeets and exceeds CSA ® Standard C802.2-12K-factor ratingsRatings K13Neutral sizeTwice the ampacity of the secondary phase conductor on three-phase modelsHarmonic handling capabilityDesigned to handle the following percentages of fundamental and harmonic currents, without exceeding temperature rise limits.K13Fundamental 60 Hz 100%Harmonics 3rd Harmonic: 40%11th Harmonic: 10%5th Harmonic: 42%13th Harmonic: 8%7th Harmonic: 25%15th Harmonic: 3%9th Harmonic: 7%17th Harmonic: 2%Harmonic eliminationProtects the loads from voltage and current distortions caused from triplen harmonics (3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, etc.)Description SpecificationGeneralTransformer construction All copper winding and conductor construction, dry-type transformer with M3, grain-oriented silicon steel Electrical connection Copper bus provided for hardwired input and output.Note: Customer to provide lugs.Basic impulse level 10 kV Temperature rise 135 °C rise above ambient, under nonlinear loading per UL ®1561 standardCooling Convection cooled Enclosure Standard, floor mounted: NEMA ® 2 up to 225 kVA;NEMA 1 at 300 kVA and 500 kVANote: Optional NEMA 3R outdoor enclosure available up to 225 kVA.CertificationsSafety UL 1561 Listed, labeled for operation with or below a specific K-factor rating; cUL ® listed to CSA Standard C22.2, No. 47-13RoHS Compliant QualityISO 9001:2015T able 2. Linear lossesLoad %EfficiencyCoreLoadBTU/hr15 kVA2597.9157.9723.952795098.0857.5992.505127597.7057.17213.8992410097.1156.69400.53155930 kVA 2598.3091.3139.854475098.3990.79158.608507598.0290.21369.51156810097.4889.54695.40267745 kVA 2598.57106.0759.765655098.50105.46242.4911877598.06104.76571.78230710097.45103.931092.98408175 kVA 2598.78163.4073.018065098.81162.63297.5215697598.51161.74704.06295210098.06160.751352.525160112.5 kVA 2598.81255.8191.7711855098.93254.85371.5821367598.72253.78867.18382210098.40252.551630.046420225 kVA 2598.95435.50164.1920455099.03433.82670.3337657598.82431.921576.93685010098.50429.842997.4711,687300 kVA 2599.00563.00175.0025155099.20561.00709.0043317599.00560.001651.00753710098.80558.003089.0012,4354Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Isolated output neutralThe Power-Suppress 600 establishes a new neutral to ground bond on the transformer’s output, meeting the definition of a separately derived power source as defined in NFPA 70T , Article 250.20 (D). Its isolated wye secondary provides a new single-point ground reference to which critical load neutral and ground conductors are wired, thus preventing potential N-G circulating currents.Application noteThe Power-Suppress 600 may be paired with a transformer-less uninterruptible power system (UPS). This is critical if the input neutral to the UPS is shared with other electrical noise-producing loads, creating noise voltage with respect to ground. Thetransformer provides an isolated, clean neutral bond for IT/data center equipment. Locating the transformer at the input or output of the UPS is dictated by the UPS configuration and groundingrequirements. In either case, the Power-Suppress 600 ensures that the critical load is provided with the highest power quality, even when the UPS is in bypass mode.Application supportIf you are having trouble understanding a problem related topower quality, reliability, or energy management, call an application engineer at 1-800-809-2772 (option 5, sub-option 2).OptionsOutput SPD with high-frequency filterSPD network comprised of high-energy metal oxide varistors (MOVs) with <5 nanosecond response time and a maximum peak surge current capacity of 40 kA (8/20 μs) per mode. High-frequency filter increases transverse mode noise attenuation to 3 dB down at 10 kHz, decaying 40 dB per decade. A single status indicator light is provided to show that the SPD and filter are fully operational and functioning properly.ote: N SPD with peak surge current capacity ratings up to 100 kA, UL 1449 Listed, Type 2. Includes EMI/RFI filtering, Form C relay contacts, and LED protection status indicators. Contact factory for specifications. Not available for 300 kVA and 500 kVA models.High/overtemperature alarm contactsThermal warning alarm contacts for customer’s hardwired connection. Thermal sensors at 180 °C and 200 °C.ote: N Not available for 300 kVA and 500 kVA models.NEMA 3R enclosureUL Listed NEMA 3R enclosure for outdoor installations. Enclosure is constructed using 14-gauge galvanized steel and provided with a durable powder coat paint finish.ote: N Not available for 300 kVA and 500 kVA models.IR scanning windowInfrared, transparent polymer IR window(s) for safe routine thermal scanning of transformer connections under load, without exposing personnel to arc flash hazards. Durable IR windows are industrial-grade with a patented reinforced grill, fully impact-resistant, and UL and cUL Listed. This option adds 2 inches to the depth of the 112 kVA–225 kVA enclosure.ote: N Not available for 300 kVA and 500 kVA models.Special designsSpecial voltage configurations are available, including “high leg delta” designs.ote: N Not available for 300 kVA and 500 kVA models.WarrantySeller warrants the Power-Suppress 600 to be free from failure due to defects in workmanship and material for 1 year from the date of installation of the product or 18 months from the date of shipment of the product, whichever occurs first.These units are sold in accordance to Eaton Selling Policy 25-000.Product selectionT able 3. Catalog numbering system5Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Technical drawingsFigure 1. 15–30 kVA NEMA 2 SPD alarm contacts6Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Figure 2. 15–30 kVA NEMA 3R SPD alarm contacts7Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Figure 3. 45–75 kVA NEMA 2 SPD alarm contacts8Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Figure 4. 45–75 kVA NEMA 3R SPD alarm contacts9Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Figure 5. 112–225 kVA NEMA 2 SPD alarm contacts10Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Figure 6. 112–225 kVA NEMA 3R SPD alarm contacts11Technical Data TD158040ENEffective August 2022Power-Suppress 600EATON Figure 7. 300 kVA NEMA 1Eaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122 United StatesEaton .com© 2022 EatonAll Rights ReservedPrinted in USAPublication No . TD158040EN / Z25340 August 2022Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks are propertyof their respective owners.Power-Suppress 600Technical Data TD158040EN Effective August 2022Figure 8. 500 kVA NEMA 1。

2014年锂离子电池相关的最新文章概要2014.1.26通过对2014年发表的锂离子电池相关文章进行了检索，完成了24篇文章的摘要翻译。

其中，主要来自elsevier期刊。

详见表1。

关于文章的研究领域，以锂离子电池材料相关的文章最多（15篇），其中，由中国发表的有10篇，占到2/3的比例。

其次，主要是与锂离子电池健康管理、热管理、寿命延长、老化研究等电池管理相关的文章（6篇），其中，由中国发表的仅有1篇。

此外，也有关于电池内部机理以及电池后续回收等领域的研究成果。

详见表2。

表1 期刊来源期刊名称PowerSourcesElectrochimicaActaJournal of Alloys andCompoundsEnergy文章篇数14 4 1 1期刊名称Nano Energy CarbohydratePolymersResources, Conservationand RecyclingRenewable and SustainableEnergy Reviews文章篇数 1 1 1 1表2 文献研究领域及发表国家中国日本韩国美国法国德国印度意大利夏威夷瑞典英国电池材料相关10 1 2 1 1电池管理相关 1 1 1 1 1 1 电池机理相关 1 1电池回收相关 1可见，目前我国在锂离子电池领域的研究工作仍主要集中在正负极材料等电池产业链前端领域，而发达国家已经主要在如何延长电池寿命、防止电池老化等电池产业链末端甚至电池回收领域取得了一系列研究成果。

各文章具体信息见后。

目录1. 电池材料相关NO.1放电等离子体烧结法制备固态锂离子电池致密纳米材料的研究与展望 (1)NO.2基于纳米硅/纳米多层石墨烯复合负极材料的锂离子全电池设计 (1)NO.3锂离子电池纳米负极材料的最新进展 (2)NO.4羧甲基壳聚糖——一种锂离子电池负极硅的新型水溶性粘结剂 (3)NO.5静电纺丝法合成并经9,10-二氨基蒽醌（AQ）改性的羧甲基纤维素锂（CMC-Li）在高倍率锂离子电池中的应用 (3)NO.6氯掺杂对锂离子电池高电压正极材料LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4结构和电化学性能的影响 (4)NO.7锂离子电池纳米晶型Li[Li0.26Ni0.11Mn0.63]O2的熔盐法合成及其电化学性能改善 (5)NO.8导电碳和快锂离子导体La0.56Li0.33TiO3的混合涂层对球形LiFePO4电化学性能的改善 (5)NO.9具有低不可逆容量损失的锂离子电池Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2-MoO3复合正极材料 (6)NO.10高容量和高初始循环性能的锂离子电池Co3O4/氮修饰石墨烯负极材料 (6)NO.11大功率锂离子电池新型正极材料Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2的形态研究 (7)NO.12锂离子电池SnO/Sn/Cu6Sn5三层负极材料的特征性能研究 (8)NO.13 V2O5梯度包覆对锂离子电池LiMn2O4正极材料的性能改善 (9)NO.14 新型锂离子电池负极材料Li3VO4的电化学性能研究 (10)NO.15 B2O3对锂离子电池中空SnO2负极材料性能的改性研究 (11)2. 电池管理相关NO.16基于相变材料的热管理系统在电子器件、锂离子电池和光伏电池组中的应用进展 (11)NO.17 锂离子电池未老化与老化正极的纳米力学性能和机械完整性 (12)NO.18 电动车用锂离子电池中基于样本熵的健康管理改进 (13)NO.19 锂离子电池LiFePO4电极基于图像的微观非均质性建模 (13)NO.20 一种基于适用扩展卡尔曼滤波器模型的同步评估老化锂离子电池荷电状态的新方法 (14)NO.21 基于电化学模拟的锂离子电池充电过程物理特征研究和锂镀层预测 (15)3. 电池机理相关NO.22 采用LiMn2O4-LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2混合正极材料锂离子电池的压力模拟与分析 16NO.23 表征基于聚焦离子束/扫描电镜的LiCoO2正极材料三相重构的三维电化学锂离子电池建模 (17)4. 电池回收相关NO.24 日本锂离子电池回收和钴元素流分析 (18)NO.1放电等离子体烧结法制备固态锂离子电池致密纳米材料的研究与展望英文题目Spark plasma sintered/synthesized dense and nanostructured materials for solid-state Li-ion batteries: Overview andperspective发表期刊Journal of Power Sources, Volume 247, 1 February 2014, Pages 920-931.发表单位印度理工学院孟买分校冶金工程与材料科学院 High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory中文译名放电等离子体烧结法制备固态锂离子电池致密纳米材料的研究与展望亮点 首次对放电等离子体烧结法（SPS）制造固态锂离子电池进行论述SPS保证了固态电解质的相稳定性，同时提高了其离子导电性 超级晶界极大提高了离子导电性SPS保证了高比容量纳米阳极颗粒的形成SPS推动了锂离子电池技术的又一步进展摘要放电等离子体烧结法（SPS）具有快速致密化、活化材料合成、形成原子洁净晶界、颗粒粘合良好以及降低颗粒粗大化等优点，使得纳米颗粒在合成及烧结过程中得以保持。

HM-9264-2AC Standard Motors Conduit Box TypeInduction MotorThank you for purchasing an Oriental Motor product.This Operating Manual describes product handling procedures and safety precautions.• Please read it thoroughly to ensure safe operation. • Always keep the manual where it is readily available.Before useOnly qualified personnel should work with the product.Use the product correctly after thoroughly reading the section “Safety precautions”.Should you require the inspection or repair of internal parts, contact the Oriental Motor office where you purchased the product. The product described in this manual has been designed andmanufactured for use as an internal component for general industrial equipment, and must not be used for any other purpose. Oriental Motor Co., Ltd. is not responsible for any damage caused through failure to observe this warning.Standard and CE MarkingMotors are recognized by UL. Recognized name are motor model name. Voluntary display of the CE mark conforming to the Low Voltage Directives. StandardsUL 1004, UL 2111, CSA C22.2 No.100, CSA C22.2 No.77 Standards File No. UL File No.E64197 Applications for standardEN 60034-1, EN 60034-5, EN 60664-1A Running Heating Test and a Locked-Rotor Test has beenconducted with a aluminum radiation plate of size indicated below. For the motor with a gearhead, tests has been conducted with a gearhead instead of the radiation plate.First number in motor nameSize [mm (in.)] Thickness [mm (in.)]Material4 135 × 135 (5.31 × 5.31) 5 (40 W) 165 × 165 (6.50 × 6.50) 5 (60 W, 90 W)200 × 200 (7.87 × 7.87)5 (0.20)AluminiumInstallation conditionsOvervoltage category II, Pollution degree 3 (except for the motor mounting surfase and conduit opening), Class I equipment (For EN/IEC standards)When the machinery to which the motor is mounted requiresovervoltage category III specifications, connect to power supply via an isolation transformer.Hazardous substancesRoHS (Directive 2002/95/EC 27Jan.2003) compliant∗ 5IK60GU-FCH , 5IK60GU-ECH , 5IK60GU-SH , 5IK90GU-FCH , 5IK90GU-ECH and 5IK90GU-SH do not comply with the hazardous substances.The precautions described below are intended to prevent danger or injury to the user and other personnel through safe, correct use of the product. Use the product only after carefully reading and fully understanding these instructions.WarningHandling the product without observing theinstructions that accompany a “Warning” symbol may result in serious injury or death.CautionHandling the product without observing theinstructions that accompany a “Caution” symbol may result in injury or property damage.NoteThe items under this heading contain importanthandling instructions that the user should observe to ensure safe use of the product.Warning• Do not use the product in explosive or corrosive environments, in the presence of flammable gases, locations subjected to splashing water, or near combustibles. Doing so may result in fire, electric shock or injury.• Assign qualified personnel the task of installing, wiring,operating/controlling, inspecting and troubleshooting the product. Failure to do so may result in fire, electric shock or injury. • Do not transport, install the product, perform connections or inspections when the power is on. Always turn the power offbefore carrying out these operations. Failure to do so may result in electric shock.• Turn off the power in the event the overheat protection device (thermal protector) is triggered. Failure to do so may result in injury or damage to equipment, since the motor will start abruptly when the overheat protection device (thermal protector) is automatically reset.• To prevent the risk of electric shock, use the motor for class I equipment only.Motore zur Verwendung in Geräten der Schutzklasse I.• Install the motor in an enclosure in order to prevent electric shock or injury.• Install the motor so as to avoid contact with hands, or ground it to prevent the risk of electric shock.Die Gehäuse der Motore sind mit einer Schraube undZahnscheibe sicher mit dem geerdeten Gehäuse des Gerätes zu verbinden.• Keep the input power voltage within the specification to avoid fire and electric shock.• Connect the cables securely according to the wiring diagram in order to prevent fire and electric shock.• Do not forcibly bend, pull or pinch the lead wires. Doing so may result in fire and electric shock.• Turn off the power in the event of a power failure, or the motor will suddenly start when the power is restored and may cause injury or damage to equipment.• Do not touch the connection terminal of the capacitor immediately after the power is turned off (for a period of 30 seconds). Theresidual voltage may cause electric shock.• Do not disassemble or modify the motor. This may cause electric shock or injury.Caution• Do not use the motor beyond its specifications, or electric shock, injury or damage to equipment may result.• Do not touch the motor during operation or immediately after stopping. The surface is hot and may cause a burn.• Do not hold the motor output shaft or motor lead wires. This may cause injury.• Keep the area around the motor free of combustible materials in order to prevent fire or a burn.• To prevent the risk of damage to equipment, leave nothing around the motor that would obstruct ventilation.• To prevent bodily injury, do not touch the rotating parts (output shaft, cooling fan) of the motor during operation.• When an abnormality is noted, turn off the power immediately, or fire, electric shock or injury may occur.• The motor’s surface temperature may exceed70 °C, even under normal operating conditions. Ifa motor is accessible during operation, post thewarning label shown in the figure in aconspicuous position to prevent the risk of skinburn(s).Warning label• To dispose of the motor, disassemble it into parts and components as much as possible and dispose of individual parts/components as industrial waste.Checking the productVerify that the items listed below are included. Report any missing or damaged items to the branch or sales office from which you purchased the product.• Motor...............................................1 unit• OPERATING MANUAL................1 copyChecking the model nameCheck the model number against the number indicated on the product.Model Model Model4IK25GN-FCH 4IK25GN-ECH 4IK25GN-SH4IK25AA-FCH 4IK25AA-ECH 4IK25AA-SH5IK40GN-FCH 5IK40GN-ECH 5IK40GN-SH5IK40AA-FCH 5IK40AA-ECH 5IK40AA-SH5IK60GE-FCH 5IK60GE-ECH 5IK60GE-SH5IK60A-FCH 5IK60A-ECH 5IK60A-SH5IK60GU-FCH 5IK60GU-ECH 5IK60GU-SH5IK90GE-FCH 5IK90GE-ECH 5IK90GE-SH5IK90A-FCH 5IK90A-ECH 5IK90A-SH5IK90GU-FCH 5IK90GU-ECH 5IK90GU-SH Location for installationThe motor is designed and manufactured for installation in equipment.Install it in a well-ventilated location that provides easy access for inspection. The location must also satisfy the following conditions: • Inside an enclosure that is installed indoors (provide vent holes) • Operating ambient temperature−10 to +40 °C (+14 to +104 °F) (non-freezing)−10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F) for three-phase 200 V• Operating ambient humidity 85%, maximum (non-condensing) • Area that is free from an explosive atmosphere or toxic gas (such as sulfuric gas) or liquid• Area not exposed to direct sun• Area free of excessive amount dust, iron particles or the like• Area not subject to splashing water (storms, water droplets), oil (oil droplets) or other liquids• Area free of excessive salt• Area not subject to continuous vibration or excessive shocks• Area free of excessive electromagnetic noise (from welders,power machinery, etc.)• Area free of radioactive materials, magnetic fields or vacuum• 1000 m (3300 ft.) or less above sea levelHow to install the motor• Round shaft typeDrill holes on the mounting plate and fix the motor on the plateusing screws, nuts, and washers (not supplied). Be careful there is nogap between the motor installation surface and the bracket.First number inmotor modelScrew size Tightening torque [N·m (lb-in)]4 M5 2.5(22)5 M6 3.0(26)Do not insert the motor into the mounting hole at anangle or force it in, as this may scratch the flange pilotsection and damage the motor.• Pinion shaft typeDrill holes on the mounting plate and fix the motor and gearhead on the plate using screws supplied with the gearhead. Be careful there is no gap between the motor flange and the gearhead.For details of installation, see the operating manual provided with the gearhead, which is sold separately.Use the gearhead with pinion shaft which is identicalwith one of motor.• Motor with cooling fanWhen installing a motor with cooling fan onto a device, leave10 mm (0.39 in.) or more behind the fan cover or open a ventilation hole so that the cooling inlet on the back of the motor cover is not blocked.Insulate all the wire connections, such as the connection between the motor and the capacitor connection.When the single-phase motor is run in only one direction, unused lead wires should be insulated.Ground the motor using a Protective Earth lead wire (green/yellow). The direction of motor rotation is as viewed from the side of the motor’s output shaft. The motor rotates in a clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) direction.• Insulation class of this motor is B. Make sure that themotor case temperature does not exceed 90 °C(194 °F) during operation of the motor. Operationexceeding case temperature 90 °C (194 °F) maysignificantly deteriorate the coils and ball bearings ofthe motor and shorten the motor’s life span. Motorcase temperature can be measured by fixing athermometer on the motor surface. It can also bemeasured using thermo tape or a thermocouple.• To change rotation direction of the single-phasemotor, wait until the motor completely stops.Otherwise its direction may not change or may takemuch time to change.Rotating direction of the gearhead output shaftThe rotating direction of the gearhead output shaft may be opposite that of the motor shaft, depending on the gear ratio. For the rotating direction of the output shaft of a specific gearhead used, refer to the operating manual for the gearhead. Connection method to a terminal box• Open the terminal box and connect wires.• Use applicable cable ground and conduit for conduit opening. • After connecting, close the terminal box with the terminal cover. • Terminal cover screws tightening torqueSingle-phase 25 W, 40 W/Three-phase: 0.3 N·m (2.6 lb-in) Single-phase 60 W, 90 W: 1 N·m (8.8 lb-in)• Single-phase 25 W, 40 W/Three-phase••Connect the motor according to the figure.The connection method will vary, depending on the directionClockwiseLNCounterclockwiseLN∗ NC: Not connect. Three-phase motorsConnect the motor according to the figure.When connected according to the connection diagram, the motor will operate in the clockwise direction (CW) as viewed from the motor’s output shaft. To change the direction of rotation, change any two connections between U, V and W.ClockwiseL2 (S)L1 (R)L3 (T)Motors have a continuous rating.This motor is equipped with the feature listed below to prevent the motor from burning out as a result of abnormal heating which maybe caused by misapplication.• Thermal protection“TP” is stamped on the motor nameplate. The motor has an “auto reset” type thermal protector built into its motor coil. When themotor reaches a predetermined temperature, the internal thermal protector is activated and the motor is stopped.Always turn the power off before performing inspections.Thermal protector activation rangePower is turned off at 130±5 °C (266±9 °F)Power is turned back on at 82±15 °C (180±27 °F)When the motor cannot be operated correctly, refer to the contents provided in this section and take appropriate action. If the problem persists, contact your nearest office.Phenomena CheckitemsMotor does not rotate or rotates slowly. • Check the power supply voltage.• Connect the power supply and the motor correctly.• If terminal blocks or crimp terminals are used, check them for poor connection. • Keep the load at or below the allowable value.Motor sometimes rotates and stops. • Connect the power supply and the motor correctly.• If terminal blocks or crimp terminals are used, check them for poor connection.The motor rotates in the direction opposite to the specified direction. • Connect correctly by referring to “Wiring diagram.”• The rotating direction of the motor output shaft may be different from that of the gearhead output shaft depending on the gear ratio of the gearhead. See the operating manual for the gearhead.• The rotating direction is indicated as viewed from the motor output shaft. Check the reference direction.Motor temperature abnormally high [Motor case temperature exceeds 90 °C (194 °F)] • Check the power supply voltage. • Review the ventilation condition.Noisy operation • Assemble the motor and gearheadcorrectly by referring to the operatingmanual for the gearhead.• Assemble a gearhead of the same piniontype as the motor.• Unauthorized reproduction or copying of all or part of thismanual is prohibited.• Oriental Motor shall not be liable whatsoever for any problems relating to industrial property rights arising from use of anyinformation, circuit, equipment or device provided orreferenced in this manual.• Characteristics, specifications and dimensions are subject tochange without notice.• While we make every effort to offer accurate information in the manual, we welcome your input. Should you find uncleardescriptions, errors or omissions, please contact the nearestoffice.• is a registered trademark or trademark ofOriental Motor Co., Ltd., in Japan and other countries.© Copyright ORIENTAL MOTOR CO., LTD. 2008Printed on Recycled Paper • Please contact your nearest Oriental Motor office for further information.Headquarters Tokyo, JapanTel:(03)3835-0684 Fax:(03)3835-1890Tel:01 47 86 97 50 Fax:01 47 82 45 16Tel:(02)8228-0707 Fax:(02)8228-0708 Technical Support Tel:(800)468-39828:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., P.S.T. (M-F)7:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., C.S.T. (M-F)E-mail:*****************************Headquarters and Düsseldorf Office Tel:0211-52067-00 Fax:0211-52067-099 Munich Office Tel:089-3181225-00 Fax:089-3181225-25 Hamburg Office Tel:040-76910443 Fax:040-76910445Tel:01256-347090 Fax:01256-347099Tel:02-93906346 Fax:02-93906348Tel:(6745)7344 Fax:(6745)9405KOREATel:(032)822-2042~3 Fax:(032)819-8745Tel:(03)22875778 Fax:(03)22875528Tel:66-2-254-6113 Fax:66-2-254-6114。

ElectricityInductionFaraday’s Law of InductionGENERATING A VOLTAGE PULSE IN A CONDUCTING LOOP BY THE MOTION OF A PER-MANENT MAGNET∙ Observing the motion of a permanent bar magnet through a set of induction coils connected in series. ∙ Measuring the induced voltage as a function of time. ∙ Calculating the magnetic flux as a function of time.UE3040100 05/18 UDGENERAL PRINCIPLESAny change of the magnetic flux through a closed conduc-ting loop induces in it an electrical voltage. Such a change is produced, for example, when a permanent bar magnet moves through a stationary conducting loop. (Fig. 2). In this case it is instructive to consider not only the time-de-pendent induced voltage(1) ()t dtd t U Φ-=)(, where Φ: magnetic fluxbut also its integral over time, viz. the voltage pulse(2)()()2121)(t t dt t U t t Φ-Φ=⋅⎰This corresponds to the difference between the magnetic flux at the beginning (t 1) and that at the end (t 2) of the observed process.In the experiment, a permanent bar magnet is allowed to fall through six identical induction coils that are connected in se-ries. The induced voltage is recorded as a function of time (green curve in Fig. 3).The voltage amplitude increases from coil to coil as the magnet moves through each coil, because the velocity of the magnet increases steadily.The areas under all the positive and negative voltage signals are equal. They correspond to the maximum flux Φ produced by the permanent magnet inside each individual coil.Fig. 1: Experiment set-up.Fig. 2: Principle for measurement.LIST OF EQUIPMENT1 Tube with 6 Induction Coils 1001005 (U8511200) 1 Voltage Sensor 500 mV, Differential 1021681 (UCMA-BT32i) 1 Sensor Cable1021514 (UCMA-BTsc1) 1 €Lab 1021478 (UCMA-008 1Coach 7, School Site License 5 Years 1021522 (UCMA-18500)or1 Coach 7, University License5 Years 1021524 (UCMA-185U)SET-UP AND CONFIGURATIONFree-fall tubeNote:Bumps, knocks or any lateral forces acting on the tube may damage the instrument. ∙ Do not subject the tube to any mechanical stress. ∙ Put the base on a horizontal, level working surface. ∙ Set up the tube in the socket of the plinth using gentle pres-sure.∙Place the cork board under the base.€Lab, voltage sensor and Coach 7 ∙ Install Coach 7 software on the computer you will be using for the measurement.∙ Connect the €Lab module to the computer with the help of the USB cable.∙Connect the voltage sensor to the appropriate 4-mm sock-ets of the free-fall tube with the help of the 4-mm experi-ment lead and use the sensor cable to connect it to Analog input 1 on the €Lab module.∙Start Coach 7. Press the button and select the "User level: Author" from the drop-down menu in the "Log-in" window which opens. Enter the password for "Author key" and confirm it with OK.∙Click the button. The "Activity Options" window will open. Confirm the pre-selected settings, "Actvity type: Measurement" and "Interface: EuroLab" by clicking OK. The software will establish a connection to €Lab. A graphic rep-resenting the €Lab module with a pictogram of the voltage sen-sor connected to it will appear in the bottom left of the four win-dows.∙In the window displaying the €Lab graphic click the icon for the voltage sensor with the right mouse button. In the menu which opens select "Set to zero" and confirm with "OK".∙Click the button, enter the following parameters and then confirm with OK: MethodType: Time-basedDuration of measurement: 0.3 seconds Frequency: 1000 per second Number of measurements: 300 TriggeringTrigger channel: Channel: Differential voltmeterTrigger threshold: 0.1 mA Edge direction: RisingPre-trigger time: 0.01 seconds Note:For The purposes of evaluation it is particularly important to se-lect an optimum duration for the measurement (here: 0.3 s) while the measurement parameters are being entered. ∙ Click thebutton.∙ The data table will appear in the top right window. It will have columns for time t and voltage U , both initially empty.∙Click the button. In the menu which opens select "Add new", then move the mouse cursor to the top left window and click on it.The window will then display a trace plot (initially blank) ∙Click the time symbol "t(s)" in the header for the first col-umn of the data table and, keeping the mouse button down, drag it to the axis button for the bottom of the plot, then click on the border when it lights up blue. Click the voltage symbol "V(mV)" in the header for the second column and, again keeping the mouse button held down, drag it to the axis button for the left of the plot, then click on the border when it lights up blue.This assigns the x-axis of the trace to be time and the y-axis to be voltage.€Lab and Coach 7 are now fully configured for the measure-ment.EXPERIMENT PROCEDUREThe experiment set-up is such that the induced voltage is pos-itive when the magnet is introduced into the coil. It may be nec-essary to carry out the measurement procedure described be-low twice, since the sign of the voltage is dependent on the orientation of the magnet as it falls down the tube, i.e. with the north or south pole facing down (Fig. 2). ∙ Start the measurement in Coach 7 by clicking the but-ton. A "Waiting for trigger event" window opens.∙Hold the magnet in the opening at the top of the tube and then let it go. Measuring starts automatically as soon as the set trigger level is reached and stops automatically once the configured measurement duration has elapsed.Fig. 3: Change in induced voltage U and magnetic flux Φ over time (screenshot from Coach 7).SAMPLE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUA-TIONInduced voltageThe green curve in Fig. 3 shows the trace of how voltage changes over time.As described in the procedure, a positive voltage is induced as the magnet enters an induction coil. This induced voltage goes back to zero when the magnet reaches the centre of the coil. During the subsequent exit of the magnet from the coil, a neg-ative voltage is induced. Since the speed of the magnet in-ceases as it progresses from coil to coil along the tube, the magnitude of the voltage signals gets higher and higher, but the width of the peaks becomes narrower, i.e. the area of the surfaces under all the positive and negative signal peaks re-mains the same in absolute terms.Magnetic flux∙Click the button for the trace and choose "Integral"from the menu. In the "Integral" window which opens click "Plot".The plot in the "Integral" window shows the variable "V*t" in units of "mV*s" (violet curve in Fig. 3). This corresponds to the magnetic flux Φ i n equation (2)∙Close the "Integral" window by clicking "OK".A third column "V*t (mV*s)" appears in the data table and the symbol " V*t" is shown beneath the cursor.∙Click on the still empty window at the bottom right.A plot of the variable "V*t (mV*s)" will now be shown as a trace. To show the induced voltage and and magnetic flux simultane-ously in the top left window, proceed as follows:∙Click the symbol "V*t (mV*s)" in the header for the third column of the data table and, keeping the mouse buttonheld down, drag it to the active axis region for the right of the plot, then click on the border when it lights up blue. The y-axis on the right-hand side of the plot is now assigned to the magnetc flux. To display the curve in optimum fashion, pro-ceed as follows:∙Click with the right mouse button on the background of the trace and select "Zoom to Fit" from the menu which opens. Scaling of the axes is modified automatically in such a way that the curve is optimally displayed. For subsequent measure-ments both the induced voltage and magnetic flux will be dis-played at their best automatically on the trace.The magnetic flux reaches a maximum when the induced volt-age returns to zero (Fig. 3), i.e. when the magnet has reached the centre of the coil. The area of the surfaces under all the positive and negative signal peaks remains the same in abso-lute terms (see above). This correponds to the maximum mag-netic flux Φ of the permanent magnet inside an individual coil. The maximum magnetic flux therefore reaches the same value of Φmax≈ 250 μVs within the given measurement tolerances.3B Scientific GmbH, Rudorffweg 8, 21031 Hamburg, Germany, 。

ContentsDescription Page Table 1. Revision notes (2)Table 2. Breaker catalog number convention ...............................................3Table 3. Symmetrical RMS interruption ratings (kA) for 1-pole breaker frame ......................4Table 4. Symmetrical RMS interruption ratings (kA) for 2-, 3-, and 4-pole breaker frames ............4Table 5. Curve notes ..................................................................4Thermal magnetic trip unit curvesFigure 1. Fixed thermal fixed magnetic single pole 15 A-125 A. .................................5Figure 2. Fixed thermal fixed magnetic two, three, and four pole 15 A-125 A......................6Figure 3. Fixed thermal fixed magnetic DC. ................................................7Figure 4. 240 V peak let through current. .................................................8Figure 5. 240 V peak let through energy...................................................9Figure 6. 480 V peak let through current. .................................................10Figure 7. 480 V peak let through energy. ..................................................11Figure 8. 600 V peak let through current. .................................................12Figure 9. 600 V peak let through energy.. (13)T ime current curves Power Defense MCCB Frame 1 thermal-magnetic2Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCBFrame 1 thermal-magneticEATON T able 1. Revision notes.ote: NUnless noted below, all curves remain unchanged from their prior revision.3Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCB Frame 1 thermal-magnetic EATON This information is provided only as an aid to understand the catalog numbers.It is not to be used to build catalog numbers for circuit breakers or trip units as all combinations may not be available.T able 2. Breaker catalog number convention.ote: N IEC standard breakers include the CE mark; GB standard breakersinclude the CCC mark.Poles1 = 1 pole2 = 2 pole3 = 3 pole4 = 4 pole with 100% neutral protection 0 = 4 pole with 0% neutral protectionInterrupting ratingdesignator kA at 480 V (UL)C = 18F = 25G = 35K = 50M = 65N = 85P = 100Continous currentrating0015 = 15 A 0020 = 20 A 0025 = 25 A 0030 = 30 A 0035 = 35 A 0040 = 40 A 0045 = 45 A 0050 = 50 A 0060 = 60 A 0070 = 70 A 0080 = 80 A 0090 = 90 A 0100 = 100 A 0110 = 110 A 0125 = 125 ATerminals includedN = No terminalsJ = Line and load terminals K = Line only terminals L = Load only terminalsTrip unit typeTFF = Fixed thermal / fixed magnetic (non UL)VFF = 50ºC fixed thermal / fixed magnetic (non UL)KNS = Molded case switchBreaker familyPDG1 = Frame 1 Global UL / CSA / IEC / GBPDG1 3 M 0125 TFF J4Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCBFrame 1 thermal-magneticEATON T able 3. Symmetrical RMS interruption ratings (kA) for 1-pole breaker frame.T able 4. Symmetrical RMS interruption ratings (kA) for 2-, 3-, and 4-pole breaker frames.** Note: 250 Vdc is achieved using 2 poles in series.T able 5. Curve notes.1.These curves apply for 50 Hz and 60 Hz applications.2.The maximum voltage rating for the frame style is stated in Tables 3 & 4.3.These curves are comprehensive for Power Defense style circuit breakers including frame sizes, ratings and constructions stated.4.The total clearing times shown include the response time for the trip unit, the breaker opening and the interruption of the current. The bottom of the time band is the minimum commit to trip time.5.The end of the instantaneous curve is determined by the application or the interrupting rating of the circuit breaker.6.Thermal magnetic trip unit calibration based on 40ºC ambient, cold start. Tested with 4 feet of rated wire (75ºC) per terminal. Tested in open air with current in all poles.7Thermal magnetic trip unit instantaneous calibration based on single pole testing.Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCB Frame 1 thermal-magnetic CurvesTime current curvesTechnical Data TD012063EN Effective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCBFrame 1 thermal-magneticEATON Time current curves67Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCB Frame 1 thermal-magnetic EATON Time current curves8Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCBFrame 1 thermal-magneticEATON Figure 4. 240 V peak let through current. October 20199Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCB Frame 1 thermal-magnetic EATON Figure 5. 240 V peak let through energy.October 201910Technical Data TD012063ENEffective November 2019Time current curves Power Defense MCCBFrame 1 thermal-magneticEATON 11EATON 12Effective November 2019EATON Figure 9. 600 V peak let through energy. October 201913EATON Eaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122United States877-ETN-CARE (877-386-2273) © 2019 EatonAll Rights ReservedPrinted in USAPublication No. TD012063EN / TBG001429 November 2019Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.Effective November 2019。

OK Spark™Spark Plug SensorQuick Reference GuideTURNING UNIT ON1.Press the “ON” button once.2.Unit is in RealTime mode by default.REALTIME MODE1.With a running engine, bring the probe tip close to the spark plug boot. (contactwith boot is ok but not necessary).2.Observe both the Spark and Voltage LEDs (Light Emitting Diode).3.If only the Voltage light is flashing, there is high voltage present but there is NOspark present at the tip of the spark plug.4.Move on to next plug.SNAPSHOT MODE1.While unit is ON, change to Snapshot Mode by pressing the “MODE” buttononce.2.Clip the probe tip to the plug wire close to the plug boot.3.Attempt to start engine.4.Observe both the Spark and Voltage LEDs.5.If only the Voltage light is on solid, the plug did not fire inside the cylinderbut high voltage was present.6.To clear the LED readings, press the “ON” button once.TURNING UNIT OFF1.Push and hold the “ON” button for 5 seconds.2.All LED lights will shut off indicating unit is completely off.Unit will turn itself completely off after 2 minutes of non-activity.Unit will detect both non firing and misfiring spark plugs in any engine that uses spark plugs.OK Spark ™ is a trademark of A.A. Electronics Corp. U.S. and Foreign Patents Pending. Made in North America. For more information please visit 。