freebsd 9 怎么做为桌面系统

Table of ContentsAbout1 Chapter 1: Getting started with FreeBSD2 Remarks2 Versions2 Examples4 Installation or Setup4 Chapter 2: Build from source5 Introduction5 Remarks5 Overview of the whole process5 Get the number of processors5 Examples5 Download the latest source code5 SVN5 Get Current6 Get Releases6 Tarball (http & ftp)6 http6 ftp6 Git6 GitHub6 Configure the kernel6 Build the world and the kernel7 Build the world7 Estimated time7 Build the kernel7 Estimated time7 Configure the root filesystem of your new FreeBSD7 Install the world and the kernel8Install the world8 Install the kernel8 Chapter 3: FreeBSD Jails9 Examples9 Deploying jail9 Simple jail deployment from binaries9 Simple jail deployment from source9 Simple thin jail deployment10 Initializing our environment10 downloading sources10 Initializing our thin jail10 Networking and Jails11 Removing network support11 Allowing only IPv4 networking11 Allowing only IPv6 networking11 Dedicated network stack (VNET)11 Chapter 4: Packages and Ports management13 Remarks13 Examples13 Getting Ports tree13 Portsnap13 updating ports tree with portsnap13 schedule cron job for daily updates13 SVN13 head13 quaterly13 Tarball (http or ftp)14 Git14 Searching software14 keyword search14name search14 Using fresports14 Building and installing software14 Simple build and install with manual configuration14 Simple build and install with automatic configuration15 Configuring software sources15 Configuring www/apache2415 Packaging15 Manual packaging15 Using poudriere15 Installing poudriere15 Configuring poudriere16 Deploying poudriere jail16 Updating poudriere jail16 Deploying poudriere ports tree16 Updating poudriere ports tree16 Bulk build16 Chapter 5: Set up the FreeBSD development environment17 Examples17 ctags17 Build exctags(1) using ports17 Download and install a prebuilt binary of Exuberant Ctags:17 Create the tag file17 Credits18AboutYou can share this PDF with anyone you feel could benefit from it, downloaded the latest version from: freebsdIt is an unofficial and free FreeBSD ebook created for educational purposes. All the content is extracted from Stack Overflow Documentation, which is written by many hardworking individuals at Stack Overflow. It is neither affiliated with Stack Overflow nor official FreeBSD.The content is released under Creative Commons BY-SA, and the list of contributors to each chapter are provided in the credits section at the end of this book. Images may be copyright of their respective owners unless otherwise specified. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective company owners.Use the content presented in this book at your own risk; it is not guaranteed to be correct nor accurate, please send your feedback and corrections to ********************Chapter 1: Getting started with FreeBSD RemarksThis section provides an overview of what freebsd is, and why a developer might want to use it.It should also mention any large subjects within freebsd, and link out to the related topics. Since the Documentation for freebsd is new, you may need to create initial versions of those related topics.VersionsSome versions were omitted since the exact release date is unknown. See the source of this post to view the list of the omitted versions.ExamplesInstallation or SetupFreeBSD is known of its well-written handbook (link). The installation process is described in detail in the Chapter 2. Installing FreeBSD.Read Getting started with FreeBSD online: https:///freebsd/topic/5708/getting-started-with-freebsdChapter 2: Build from sourceIntroductionExamples below are not necessarily in the correct order. See the Remarks section below for more information on the whole process.RemarksOverview of the whole processDownload the latest source code.1.2.Configure the kernel.3.Build the world and the kernel.4.Configure the root filesystem of your new FreeBSD.5.Install the world and the kernel.Get the number of processorsAn easy way to speed up the process of building and installing the new system is to use more processors to increase the computational power.To find out what's the number of the processors you have to speed up the process:sysctl hw.ncpuFor example:hw.ncpu: 1Let's set the $NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS environmental variable then:export $NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS=$(sysctl hw.ncpu | tr -d 'a-z.: ')ExamplesDownload the latest source codeSVNFreeBSD project use SVN as default SCM. Source could be download with svnlite software. Get Currentcd /usr/srcsvnlite checkout https:///base/head .Get Releasescd /usr/srcsvnlite checkout https:///base/release/11.0.0 .Tarball (http & ftp)You can also get source from frozen tarball with fetch commandhttpcd /tmpfetch /pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/11.0-RELEASE/src.txzcd /usr/srctar xJvf /tmp/src.txzftpcd /tmpfetch ftp:///pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/11.0-RELEASE/src.txzcd /usr/srctar xJvf /tmp/src.txzGitGitHubgit clone https:///freebsd/freebsd freebsdsrcConfigure the kernelGo to the directory with the source code:1.cd freebsdsrc2.Go to the directory with the kernel's configuration code:# If your system is 32-bit.cd sys/i386/conf/# If your system is 64-bit.cd sys/amd64/conf/3.Get a copy of the GENERIC kernel (let's call it MODEDKERNEL). It will be the base of your customisations.cp GENERIC MODEDKERNEL4.Modify the MODEDKERNEL file at your will.Build the world and the kernelBuild the worldGo to the freebsdsrc/ (the root directory of the FreeBSD source tree you've already downloaded) and build the world:sudo make -j${NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS} buildworld KERNCONF=MODEDKERNEL -DNO_CLEAN Estimated time•Estimated time on Hasee Q540S running on a one processor: 8 hours.•Estimated time on Dell L702X running on 8 processors: 98 minutes.Build the kernelTo build the kernel run:sudo make -j${NUMBER_OF_PROCCESORS} buildkernel KERNCONF=UFFIE -DNO_CLEANEstimated time•Estimated time on Hasee Q540S running on a one processor: 2 hours.•Estimated time on Dell L702X running on 8 processors: 19 minutes.Configure the root filesystem of your new FreeBSDLet's configure the destination directory for the root filesystem of your new FreeBSD (for exampleAdd the following lines to /etc/src.conf to set it up:.if ${KERNCONF} == "MODEDKERNEL"DESTDIR?=/usr/home/beastie/MODEDKERNELMODULES_OVERRIDE=md ufs.endifRemember to use spaces not tabs if you wish to indent the code.1. Create the root file system now:Make distribution directories:sudo make distrib-dirs KERNCONF=MODEDKERNELEstimated time on Hasee Q540S: a few seconds.•Make the distribution:sudo make distribution KERNCONF=UFFIEEstimated time on Hasee Q540S: 3 minutes.•2. Install the world and the kernel Install the worldsudo make installworld KERNCONF=MODEDKERNEL Estimated time on Hasee Q540S: 5 minutes.Install the kernelsudo make installkernel KERNCONF=MODEDKERNELEstimated time on Hasee Q540S: a few seconds.Read Build from source online: https:///freebsd/topic/7062/build-from-sourceChapter 3: FreeBSD JailsExamplesDeploying jailA jail is simply a chroot with strong isolation. So, if you want to create jail, you simply need to create an alternative root and starting a new jail in it.Simple jail deployment from binaries# create our alternative root pathJAILROOT="/path/to/my/jail"mkdir -p "${JAILROOT}"cd "${JAILROOT}"# get distribution from freebsd repositoryfetch /pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/11.0-RELEASE/base.txz# extract it in our alternative roottar xJvf base.txz# now we can launch our jailjail -c name=simplejail path=${JAILROOT}# to check if jail is up and running we use jlsjls# now we can enter in our new jailjexec simplejail shSimple jail deployment from source# create our alternative root pathJAILROOT="/path/to/my/jail"mkdir -p "${JAILROOT}"# we need to build binaries from source...cd /usr/srcmake buildworld# ... and install it in our alternative pathmake installworld DESTDIR=${JAILROOT}# now we can launch our jailjail -c name=simplejail path=${JAILROOT}# to check if jail is up and running we use jls# now we can enter in our new jailjexec simplejail shSimple thin jail deploymentThin jail is simply a jail with shared read-only alternative root mounted with nullfs. Initializing our environment# making our shared alternative rootSHARED_ROOT=/path/to/your/shared/rootmkdir -p "${SHARED_ROOT}"# making our jail rootJAIL_ROOT=/path/to/your/jail/rootmkdir -p "${JAIL_ROOT}"downloading sources# to initialize our shared root, we can use# all method described above. Here, we will use# simple binary initialization from official# repositorycd "${SHARED_ROOT}"# get distribution from freebsd repositoryfetch /pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/11.0-RELEASE/base.txz# extract it in our alternative roottar xJvf base.txzInitializing our thin jail# now we need to initialize our dedicated# jail rootcd "${JAIL_ROOT}"mkdir base# we make symbolic link pointing to# files stored in read-only directoryfor link in bin boot lib libexec rescue sbindoln -s ${link} /base/${link}done# we do same thing with directory in /usrfor link in bin include lib lib32 libdata libexec sbin sharedoln -s usr/${link} /base/usr/${link}# now we are ready to start our jail!jail -c name=thinjail path="${JAIL_ROOT}" \mount="${SHARED_ROOT} ${JAIL_ROOT} nullfs ro 0 0"# check if our thin jail is ok...jls# we can now grab in it!jexec thinjail shNetworking and JailsFreeBSD jails can have fine grained networking configuration. By default, every jails use the same network configuration than host.Removing network supportjail -c name="nonetwork" path="/path/to/your/jail" ip4=disable ip6=disableAllowing only IPv4 networkingjail -c name="onlyipv4" path="/path/to/your/jail" ip4=inherit ip6=disableAllowing only IPv6 networkingjail -c name="onlyipv6" path="/path/to/your/jail" ip4=disable ip6=inherit Dedicated network stack (VNET)VNET is recent feature allowing jail to have its own network stack. Doing this configuration need to add routing feature to the host. VIMAGE option is required in host kernel.# starting our own jail with vnetjail -c name="vnetjail" path="/path/to/your/jail" vnet=new# we need a bridge...ifconfig bridge0 create# a pair of ethernet interface...ifconfig epair0 create# and interconnecting epair, jail and bridgeifconfig epair0b vnet vnetjailRead FreeBSD Jails online: https:///freebsd/topic/7070/freebsd-jailsChapter 4: Packages and Ports management RemarksTips:Remember to always check the /usr/ports/UPDATING file before upgrading. There might be •some significant changes in programs you use or in their configuration which will break your current setup.ExamplesGetting Ports treePortsnapportsnap fetchportsnap extractupdating ports tree with portsnapportsnap updateschedule cron job for daily updates0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/portsnap cronSVNheadcd /usr/portssvnlite checkout https:///ports/head .quaterlyFreeBSD Ports team freeze ports tree every 3 months. To get this ports tree you can use ports branches:cd /usr/portssvnlite checkout https:///ports/branches/2016Q4 .Tarball (http or ftp)cd /usr/portsfetch /pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/11.0-RELEASE/ports.txztar xJvf ports.txzGitgit clone https:///freebsd/freebsd-portsSearching softwarekeyword searchcd /usr/portsmake search key=apachename searchcd /usr/portsmake search name=apache24Using fresportsOfficial FreeBSD ports website (/) give you a nice way to find ports and all information concerning it.Building and installing softwareIf you have found your software in the ports tree, now its the time to build it.Simple build and install with manual configurationcd /usr/ports/www/apache24makemake installSimple build and install with automatic configurationcd /usr/ports/www/apache24make BATCH=yesmake installConfiguring software sourcesIf you want custom configuration from ports, you can configure it before building it make config. All ports configuration are stored in /var/db/ports/${CATEGORY_NAME}/options as makefile. Configuring www/apache24cd /usr/ports/www/apache24make configmakemake installThis configuration will be saved in /var/db/ports/www_apache24/options.PackagingManual packagingYou can make your own package based on ports.cd /usr/ports/www/apache24make package BATCH=yesThis command will store your package in /usr/ports/packages/All.Using poudrierepoudriere is currently the official package builder for FreeBSD.pkg install poudriere# orcd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/poudrieremakemake installConfiguring poudrierepoudriere configuration is stored in /usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf and /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d Deploying poudriere jailpoudriere jail -c -j myjailUpdating poudriere jailpoudriere jail -u -j myjailDeploying poudriere ports treepoudriere ports -c -p myportsUpdating poudriere ports treepoudriere ports -u -p myportsBulk buildpoudriere bulk -j myjail -p myports www/apache24Read Packages and Ports management online:https:///freebsd/topic/7069/packages-and-ports-managementChapter 5: Set up the FreeBSD development environmentExamplesctagsctags is a useful utility you can use to read and move around the source code more efficiently. The built-in ctags(1) however is not the Exuberant Ctags utility you might expect.You can install Exuberant Ctags (exctags(1)) using either ports or pkg:Build exctags(1) using portscd /usr/ports/devel/ctags/ && make install cleanDownload and install a prebuilt binary of Exuberant Ctags: pkg install ctagsCreate the tag fileexctags -RRead Set up the FreeBSD development environment online:https:///freebsd/topic/6136/set-up-the-freebsd-development-environmentCredits。

FreeBSD5.4桌面配置（ZZ）Unix系统-电脑资料转载自CU BSD版面 FreeBSD 最新公布了 5.4 版本，于是，我立即下载，。

以下是我的安装和配置过程。

或许对你有帮助。

安装完以后，KDE和GNOME都是最新的。

并且中文显示非常美观和清晰。

还不错。

我的电脑P4，两块网卡，rl0网卡用于ADSL， rl1网卡用于与内部网连转载自CU BSD版面FreeBSD 最新公布了 5.4 版本，于是，我立即下载。

以下是我的安装和配置过程。

或许对你有帮助。

安装完以后，KDE和GNOME都是最新的。

并且中文显示非常美观和清晰。

还不错。

我的电脑P4，两块网卡，rl0网卡用于ADSL，rl1网卡用于与内部网连接，液晶17显示器。

注意，下文中的代码部分前边用#符号开头的为注释，如果你要使用，请根据你的情况去掉#号。

我全部都使用vim作为编辑器。

我的主要步骤是：= 1 安装系统和软件包 =下载以后，先安装系统部分。

然后，重新起动。

用如下命令，起用光盘：代码:mount_cd9660 /dev/acd0 /cdrom然后，把两张光盘中的packages 目录复制到/usr/local/software 目录中，放在一起，然后就可以用 pkg_add 安装你想要的软件了。

这样做主要是为了不用来回换光盘，并且速度也快一些。

由于我喜欢使用 KDE ，所以，我的安装顺序是：代码:cd x11pkg_add xorg-6.8.2.tbzpkg_add kde-3.4.0.tbz你要是喜欢使用GNOME ，也可以 pkg_add gnome2-2.10.0.tbz。

随你安装。

这样桌面软件就有了，我又安装了vim，cvs up和unzip。

如果要使用 VIM ，最好先建立一个 vimrc 文件：代码:cp /usr/local/share/vim/vim63/vimrc_example.vim /usr/local/share/vim/vimrc这样编辑的时候就方便多了。

FreeBSD-13.0桌⾯配置（xfce）现在安装配置已经⽐以前⼤⼤简便了很多，减少了很多累赘操作和配置，显得更加的易⽤了。

⽹上很多⽂章也都⽼旧过时，⾥⾯很多内容或配置教程都是画蛇添⾜。

本⽂重新整理，凡是不必要步骤及配置通通去掉。

1、虚拟机设置（VirtualBox，如果有）如果是⽤VirtualBox虚拟机，在“显⽰”设置⾥，显卡控制器要选择“VBoxVGA”或者“VBoxSVGA”，要不然后期安装桌⾯没办法全屏，⿏标光标移动也会有问题。

2、root登录，设置国内pkg源 创建⽤户级 pkg 源⽬录：#mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos#vi /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 打开后写⼊以下内容： 禁⽤系统级 pkg 源：#mv /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf.backup#pkg update -f3、更新pkg软件#pkg update -f⽬前国内⽤port源码安装软件⽐较⿇烦，有些依赖需要从Github上下载，⽽国内⽹络⼜不稳定，所以往往会下载不成功。

不过⽤pkg已经满⾜我们⽇常⼤部分需求。

4、安装portsnap第⼀次运⾏：#portsnap fetch#portsnap extract#portsnap update耐⼼等待完成，以后只要运⾏以下命令就OK了：#portsnap fetch update⽬前portsnap台湾源也不是很快，我⽤系统默认的源有时候很快，有时候很慢，有需要可以参考我之前的博⽂：5、更新系统#freebsd-update fetch#freebsd-update install更新完，记得备份，然后reboot重启6、root登录，安装xorg和xfce及相关配置#pkg install xorg xfce看⽹速，等待下载完成。

Xp下grub4dos硬盘安装和启动FreeBSD-8.0-i386+GNOME桌面标题：XP下grub4dos硬盘安装和启动FreeBSD-8.0-i386+GNOME桌面【黑括号表示说明，#代表超级用户shell，$代表普通用户shell，~代表家目录】内容：〇、环境：Thinkpad X61-2G内存、X3100显卡、120G硬盘，ADSL，已装有XP，硬盘分区如下：[1]5G -主分区 -XP系统分区-ad4s1-(hd0,0)[2]3G -主分区 -XP备份分区-ad4s2-(hd0,1)[3]40G-主分区 -给FB的分区-ad4s3-(hd0,2)[4]70G-扩展分区-XP用户分区-ad4s4-(hd0,3)一、前期准备：1、下载8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso和8.0-RELEASE-i386-dvd1.iso两个文件以及grub4dos-0.4.4；【disc1的 src 文件不全】2、制作DOS工具盘，可启动光盘、可启动优盘均可，里面放入diskgen软件，可用于修复MBR(主引导记录)；3、先将ad4s2格式化为FAT32分区(必须是主分区，逻辑分区FB不认)，然后将光盘镜像中的8.0-RELEASE目录解压至该分区，将本文档改成英文名字也放到该分区；【如果要从光盘安装xorg和gnome的话，就解压packages目录】4、设置grub引导bootonly光盘4.1、复制grub4dos文件夹里的grldr和menu.lst到C盘根目录下；4.2、修改C盘的boot.ini文件，在末尾添加一行 C:\grldr="进入GRUB-0.4.4"；4.3、修改C盘的menu.lst文件，添加：title FreeBSD【FreeBSD装好后可以从这进去】root (hd0,2,a) 【定位到FB的根目录】chainloader +1title install FREEBSD【引导启动盘】find --set-root /8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.isomap --mem /8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso (hd32)map --hookchainloader (hd32)boot4.4、复制8.0-RELEASE-i386-bootonly.iso文件至C盘根目录下；4.5、重启后进入菜单[进入GRUB-0.4.4]后选择[install FREEBSD]选项进入FreeBSD安装程序。