英美文化真题试
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英语知识50题
1.There are __C____ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters
could be seen in three of the following except ___B____.
A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;
B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the
law of the land
C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges
D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.
3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th
century, and the Scottish inventor ____B____ modified and improved the design in 1765.
A. Abraham Darby
B. James Watt
C. John Kay
D. Richard Arkwright
4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ___D_____.
A. growing crop
B. producing milk
C. catching fish
D. rearing poultry
5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ___A___ by the
Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A. Prime Minister
B. Member of Parliament
C. Lord of Appeal
D. Speaker of the House
6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established ___B____ with dominion
status in Ireland in 1921.
A. the Anglican Church of Ireland
B. the Irish Free State
C. the Irish Republican Army
D. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council
7. Irish broadcasting began in ___C___ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.
A. 1906
B. 1916
C. 1926
D. 1936
8. ___D____ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.
A. Frederick Douglass
B. George Washington
C. John Adams
D. Abraham Lincoln
9. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ___D___.
A. Chinese - Americans
B. American Indians
C. Japanese - Americans
D. black Americans
10. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ___B___ percent in the United States.
A. 1.1
B. 2.1
C. 3.1
D. 4.1
11. After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased ____A_____.
A. during the Great Depression
B. after the WW I
C. after the WW II
D. during the Cold War
12. The United States grows nearly ___B__of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.
A. one third
B. one fourth
C. one sixth
D. one seventh
13. Through the Department of __A___, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.
B. Justice
C. Labor
D. Defense
14. The community college embodies ___B_____ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.
A. George Washington's
B. Thomas Jefferson's
C. Abraham Lincoln's
D. Franklin Roosevelt's
15. The exploratory voyage made by ___B___ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.
A. Arthur Philip
B. Mathew Flinders
C. Port Jackson
D. Peter Lalor
16. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on ____D____.
A. Japan
B. Turkey
C. Italy
D. Germany
17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ___B___ century.
A. 14th
B. 15th
C. 16th
D. 17th
18. Northern provinces and territories tale up __D___ of Canada.
A. half
B. two thirds
C. one third
D. four fifths
19. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ____C____ of total energy.
A. 15%
B. 16%
C. 17%
20. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ___A___ holiday.
A. children's
B. men's
C. women's
D. old men's
21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except __B___.
A. the Great Western Plateau
B. the Outback
C. the Eastern Highlands
D. the Central Eastern Lowlands
22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of __D___.
A. all members of the royal family
B. the House of Lords and the House of Commons
C. cabinet and ministry
D. the countries of the Commonwealth
23. New Zealand is the world's largest exporters of ___A_____.
A. lamb
B. expertise
C. honey
D. potatoes
24. Today __C___ is Ireland's most influential daily.
A. the Irish Press
B. the Irish Independence
C. the Irish Times
D. the Irish Daily
25. In the United States, __A___ is a leading commercial crop in the South.
A. cotton
B. tobacco
C. peanut
D. apple
26. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ____B___ and the North Sea in the east.
A. east
B. south
D. north
27. The first known settlers of Britain were ___D____.
A. the Jutes
B. the Celts
C. the Saxons
D. the Iberians
28. The English Civil War is also called ___A___.
A. the Puritan Revolution
B. the second Magna Carta
C. the Long Parliament
D. the Anglican War
29. The Tories were the forerunners 0f ____D___ , which still bears the nickname today.
A. the Labour Party
B. the Liberal Party
C. the Social Democratic Party
D. the Conservative Party
30. In Britain only ___B____ of the population are farmers but they manage 7O% of the land area.
A. 2%
B. 3%
C. 4%
D. 5%
31. Which of the following Statements is NOT true about the Prime Minister in Britain? D
A. He is appointed by the Queen.
B. He is Minister for the Civil Service.
C. He sits in the House of Commons.
D. He receives ￡88,292 a year.
32. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of ____B___ .
A. the Lord Chancellor
B. the Home Secretary
C. the Attorney General
D. the Prime Minister
33. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Health Service? B
A. It Provides for every resident a full range of medical services.
B. It is administered by the central government.
C. Its emergency ambulances are available for doctors' urgent calls.
D. It has suffered from under funding in recent decades.
34. There are some ___D____ universities in the United Kingdom, including the Open University.
A. 75
B. 80
C. 85
D. 9O
35. Ireland is divided into two political parts: ___C____ .
A. Northern Ireland and southern Ireland
B. Southern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
C. the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
D. Northern Ireland and Britain
36. The Grand Canyon in north-western ___B____ is one of nature's most impeessive sights.
A. Utah
B. Arizona
C. Nevada
D. Idaho
37. The first immigrants in American history came from ___C____ .
A. England and Germany
B. England and Ireland
C. England and the Netherlands
D. England and Spain
38. The United States went to war with ___A____ in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.
A. Britain
B. France
C. Spain
D. Mexico
39. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose ___B____ as their
next president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.
A. Theodore
B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C. Woodrow Wilson
D. Herbert Hoover
40. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the ___B____ Movement.
A. Boycott
B. Civil Rights
C. Segregation
D. Integration
41. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up ___A____ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only 2.7% of the total population.
A. 21%
B. 31%
C. 41%
D. 51%
42. The Constitution of the United States provides that ___D____ shall be President of the Senate.
A. the Secretary of State
B. the Chief Justice
C. the President
D. the Vice President
43. The typical organizational pattern for elementary and secondary schools in the United States is that of ____C___ .
A. classified schools
B. vocational schools
C. graded schools
D. public schools
44. In the 1920s, Black Literature developed into an upsurge which has come to be known as ____B___ .
A. the Manhattan Renaissance
B. the Harlem Renaissance
C. the Black Revival
D. the African-American Rebirth
45. Of all the symbols, ____D___ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.
A. the pumpkin and the turkey
B. the lamb and the beef
C. the spring peas and the potatoes
D. the egg and the rabbit
46. Canada was divided Into Upper Canada (English speaking) and Lower Canada
(French speaking) in ____A___ and they were united again in ___A____ .
A. 1791/1840
B. 1775/1791
C. 1840/1867
D. 1775/1867
47. Canada's early economic development was founded on ___A____ .
A. resource industries
B. heavy industries
C. light industries
D. manufacturing industries
48. What law made French the offical language in Canada's Quebec? B
A. The Official Language Act.
B. The Charter of the French Language in Quebec.
C. The Meech Lake Accord.
D. The new Canadian Constitution.
49. The Canadian population is chiefly characterized by ___C____ .
A. its size
B. its growth
C. its linguistic duality
D. its French origins
50. Australia has always been a continent with few people mainly because ____D___ .
A. Australia is too far away fram Europe
B. Australia is the least mountainous and most level of the world's continents
C. Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seas
D. most of the continent is hot and dry
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
British and American Culture Exam PRACTICE SECTION 1 1.Which one of the following is NOT a principle of the welfare state? a)The protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens b)Everything is free for British and American government officials c)Equality of opportunity and equitable distribution of wealth d)Public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life 2.Which one of the following is NOT a welfare benefit in Britain and America? a)Job seeker’s Allowance for those looking for work b)Incapacity benefits for those unable to work c)Child benefits for those with many children d)Childless benefits for those without many children 3.Which one of the following is NOT a welfare service for America, but is only for Britain? a)Education b)Healthcare c)Social Services d)Housing 4.Which country’s people pay the most income tax? a)People in Britain pay more income tax than people in America b)People in America pay far more income tax than people in Britain c)Both the people in Britain and America pay the same amount of income tax d)Neither the British or American people pay any income tax 5.What does the acronym ‘NHS’ stand for? a)New Hospital Service b)New Health Service c)National Hospital Service d)National Health Service 6.How is the NHS paid for? a)Taxpayers money b)Donations c)Volunteers d)Insurance 7.Which one of the following statements is true for the American healthcare system? a)Everyone receives the same treatment b)Free at the point of use c)The treatment you get depends on your health insurance d)Funded by the nation 8.Which one of the following statements is true regarding the TV licence? a)The TV licence is a tax for people with TVs in Britain b)The TV licence is a tax for people without TVs in Britain c)The TV licence is a tax for people with TVs in America
About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son
第10章福利国家 I.Explain each of the following in English: 1.The welfare state 【答案】(1)Britain is a welfare state in the sense that it should ensure,as far as it can, that nobody should be without the means for the minimum necessities of life as the result of unemployment,old age,sickness or over—large families. (2)The system of national insurance pays out benefits to people who are unemployed,or unable to earn because they are old or sick. (3)Free or nearly free medical and dental care is provided for everyone under the National Health Service. (4)Supplementary benefits are provided for people who live below the minimum standard. 2.The retirement pension 【答案】(1)It may be received by any man from the age of65(provided he has made his weekly contributions to the fund if he ceases to work,and by any woman from the age of60. (2)A man who continues to work after the age of65gets no pension at first, but when he is over70he gets a bigger pension. (3)People may receive additional pensions by paying higher contributions while they are working.
英美文化小常识 01、英美姓名常识 姓名是社会成员的符号或标记。英美人的姓名是名在前，姓在后，过去人们在翻译外国人姓名时，为了迁就中国人的习惯，有时候把英美人的姓名也写成姓在前，名在后。如，Bernard Shaw，译成“肖·伯纳”实则是没有必要，现在多译成“伯纳·肖”，这就比较符合英美人的表达习惯。 02、英美礼仪 美国人请客：美国人喜欢在家里款待客人（guest）而不是在餐馆（restaurant）里。 美国人想请客吃饭，一般要事先与客人协商好，安排好时间（when）和地点（where）。 美国人在家里请客多半不拘礼节，一般采用家庭式，即一盘盘的食品一个人一个人地递过来，或者由坐在餐桌两端的主人（host）或女主人（hostess）给客人端上饭菜，全家大小和客人一起吃，一般是妻子（wife）做菜（dish），丈夫调鸡尾酒（cocktail）。如果因宗教或其他原因，有些饭菜不能吃，客人可将其留在盘子里，或事先对主人说明哪些东西不能吃。 03、英美人“手势语”种种 在人类的语言交流中，手语是必不可少的手段之一，作为“无声语言”的手语，其表意比重约为百分之21，因此，请正确运用
手语。 （1）在美国，如你站在公路边跷起大拇指，则表示要求搭车。（2）如在交谈中两手摊开，一耸肩，伴有一声“嗯呵”，则表示无可奈何的意思。 （3）中国人在对外交往中，最容易让人反感的动作之一就是说话不经意地用食指指着对方，其实，这个动作一来不雅观，二来对欧美国家的人来说相当不礼貌。原来这是一种非礼貌的责骂，数落别人的动作。 (4)用大拇指和食指围成一个圆圈，这个手势早已家喻户晓，它的意思是OK好的，而竖起食指和中指形成个“V”字形，意思则是“胜利”（victory）。 (5) 用手伸向被唤者，手心向上，握拳并伸出食指前后摇动，表示叫对方过来。 （6）把左掌心放在胸前，身体略前倾，表示真诚。 04、西方人交往“七不问” （1）年龄：西方人大都把希望自己在对方眼中显得年轻，对自己的实际年龄讳莫如深，妇女更是如此，她们过了24后就再也不会告诉他人自己的年龄了。 （2）婚姻：西方人认为婚姻纯属个人隐私，向他人询问时不礼貌的。若是向异性打听婚否，则有对方关心过甚之嫌。 （3）收入：西方人将此视为个人脸面，因此它与个人的能力和地位有关。不仅收入不宜谈论，住宅、财产、服饰等体现个人状
试题范围 一．填空题 1. The river Thames is in __C___. A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland 2. The Industrial Revolution started in ___A__. A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Australia 3. Big Ben was named after __B___. A Christopher Wren B Benjamin Hall C Ben John D G. Stephenson 4. The most popular sport in America is __A___. A. baseball B. basketball C. football 5. Most British couples go to __A__ to have their wedding ceremony. A. church B. concert C. registry office 6. The British people usually have a small quantity of __A___ as a first course. A. soup B. sweet C. vegetable 7. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _D__. A. price B. tax C. weather D. Sports 8. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on __A__. A. horse racing B. Bingo C. football pools D. dog racing 9. ___A__ is basically a home and family festival. A. Christmas B. Boxing Day C. Easter Monday 10. The British people traditionally like to live in __B___. A. high buildings B. small houses C. big houses occupies the __C___ portion of the . A. northern B. eastern C. southern 12. The most important part of the . in wealth is __B___. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland second largest port in Britain is __C__. A. London B. Belfast C. Liverpool
英美文化知识素养答题题库 英美文化知识素养答题题库 1 单项选择题： 美国由___________个州组成。 A. 48 B. 49 C. 50 D. 51 答案 C 2 单项选择题： 人有绰号，城市有绰号，有趣的是，有的国家也有绰号，如美国的绰号是_____，英国的绰号是_____ A Aunt Sam, Uncle John B New Continent, Great Britain C Washington, Elizabeth D Uncle Sam, John Bull 答案D 3 单项选择题： 在英美国家，人们通常将“体力劳动者”称为_____workers ，把“脑力劳动者”称为_____workers，而把“服务、维修等行业的人们”称为_____workers。 A blue, green, white B blue, white, grey. C black, blue, green D white, blue, black 答案 B 4 单项选择题： 在美国土生土长的传统节日是_____________。 A. 复活节 B. 感恩节 C. 圣诞节 D. 中秋节 答案B 5 单项选择题： 有这样一则笑话：有一次一个外宾对翻译说：“I wonder if I can go somewhere?”翻译回答道“Yes, you can go anywhere in China.”外宾不禁愕然。你知道这位翻译的问题出在哪里了吗？ A 外宾的意思是他想马上离开。 B 外宾的意思是他要上厕所。 C外宾的意思是他想随便走走。 D外宾的意思是想休息一下。 答案B 6 单项选择题： 当你给一位英国朋友写信时，你若在写完信之后突然想起来还要补充点什么，此时你通常在补充的内容前加上_____这两个字母。 A P,S B OT C C, D D B,C 答案 A 7 单项选择题： 中国人喜欢说“自己动手，丰衣足食”，英美人也有类似的喜好，他们称之为______。
英美国情选择题美国部分 Unit3 America Beginning 1.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? A.The American has the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. B.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indians. C.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with black, D.The American had the blood of the English and their descendants only, 子孙，后裔 2.Which of the following was not one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? A.The growth of capitalism资本主义 B.The Renaissance 文艺复兴 C.The Religious Reformation 宗教改革 D.The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church. 3.The following were the main Reformation leaders except__ A.Martin Luther马丁路德 B.Martin Luther King C.John Calvin约翰·加尔文
英美文化试题 1. The executive power is in the hands of ________. A. Parliament B. the House of Commons C. the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister D. the Queen 2. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of _______. A. the Queen B. the Primer Minister C. the House of Lord D. the House of Commons 3. The general election in Britain is held every _______ years. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 4. The famous “Scotland Yard” refers to _______. A. CIA B. CID C. New Scotland Yard D. Greater Londo n 5. Which of the following is not one of the functions that Parliament plays? A. To serve as the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases. B. To make laws. C. To control and criticize the executive government. D. To control the raising and the spending of money. 6. The British government is established on the basis of ______. A. federal system B. central system C. constitutional system D constitutional monarchy 7. _______ is in power in Britain now? A. Labour party B. Conservative Party C. the coalition of Labour Party and Liberal Democratic Party D. the coalition of Conservative Party and Liberal Democratic Party 8. The President of the United States exercises the ______ power. A. legislative B. executive C. judicial D. veto 9. How many continental states were there at the time of independence of the United States? A. 35. C. 48. B. 13. D. 50. 10. Representatives in the United Sates are elected ______. A. annually B. every two years C. every three years D. every four years 11. The congress of America consists of the Representatives and _____. A. parliament B. the House of Commons C. The House of Lords D. Senate 12. The Constitution of the United States says that only ______ can declare war upon other nations. A. the president B. Congress C. Department of Defence D. the National security council 13. The General Election in the United States is held every ______. Year. A. three B. four C. five D. six 14. The newly elected president takes up on ______. A. January 10th B. January 20th of the next year C. march 10th D. April 20th of the next year 15. There are two major parties in USA, one of which is Democratic Party, and the other is______. A. Green party B. Republican Party C. the Federal party D. Conservative party 英美文学复习试题 1. When appreciating a piece of literature, readers are more likely to read the ______ the meanings that attach to words in order to have a deeper understanding.
英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。 不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。 英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。
； UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY 1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not. United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe. ( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。 （注：北爱尔兰是英国的一部分，而英国位于西欧，即Western Europe，是一个岛国） 2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ------ England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ( F ) 英国包含四个政治分区，分别是英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰。 （注：爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家，此处应为“北爱尔兰”即Norther Island，这才是英国的一个地区。） 3.《 4.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. ( F ) 英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一。 （注：不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛； 英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，有大不列颠岛上的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成。大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿，英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一。） 5.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. ( F )不列颠群岛由三个大岛屿和许多小岛屿组成。 （注：由两个大岛屿和其他小岛组成，大岛屿为大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛）
我所了解的英美文化小常识：如何付小费 在美国付小费是个经常会遇到的问题，而且它有一约定俗成的习惯，最好能做到入境问俗，如果您不知其中的“秘密”，也许会让您陷入意想不到的尴尬，甚至会出丑。 凡是搭计程车、到餐厅吃饭、服务生或机场人员代提行李等，都是须给小费的。一般情况下，付给出租汽车司机的小费大约是全程路费的10—15％；付给搬运工的是每提一个箱子1美元；理发、美容的小费为理发、美容费的10—15％；给为你代泊车、取车的服务人员每次是一美元；到餐厅吃饭，付小费约为10%—15%；而住旅馆如不是三星级以上的，一般每天出门前放在桌上一美元即可，三星级以上则要数美元或更多。 然而并不是对任何为你服务的人都要付小费。美国的政府公务人员、警察、公司职员、旅馆服务台、公共汽车司机、电影院引座员、空中小姐、商场营业员、加油站的管理员是不收小费的。如果去自助餐厅、快餐店等自选饭菜的地方用餐也不用付小费。另外，在柜台式餐桌上用餐，小费可以少给，留下一两个25美分的硬币即可。若不清楚在什么情况下该给小费，宜事先询问友人。 在此了解的基础上，还要注意一些特殊的“风俗”。例如：晚间用餐小费需比白天多一些：切记千万不要以penny付小费，当penny丢在桌
上，尽管你付小费很多，很可能会被服务生误解为不满其服务，是一种羞辱的举止。因此除非服务实在是太差了，否则绝不可在小费中放置任何penny。当然若你以信用卡付帐。其实小费也是对服务品质的一种评估，有些服务生为了多赚小费会表现特别热心，不时殷勤询问。然而不必管服务生的眼色，你可依自己对该餐厅及该服务生的满意程度付小费，多给或少给没有人会干涉。在美国各种场合小费多如牛毛，如果你该出手时不出手，几乎寸步难行。上餐馆、旅行住店更是切不可忘记，否则遭人白眼不说，背后还要被诅咒祖宗三代；要不就是晚上回到房间里缺这少那，特别是卫生间里，“纸”到用时方恨少啊！在美国有一些情况，这小费你是不给也得给。一友人出差去美国，到了洛杉矶乘出租车进城，他问司机是否有计价表，司机点头称是，这才放心上车。坐好后，视线前方的一纸“告乘客”映入眼帘：“（1）计价表显示的车费中不含小费；（2）本司机没有5美元以下的零钱。”这前一条还好理解，提醒乘客“自愿”给小费，多多益善。然而这后一条却是明摆着要敲诈没有零钱的乘客，这“小费”您是不是不给也得给啊？还有一种情形，那就是强迫索取小费了。这种情况最常发生在大城市，因为游荡人囗太多，他们常驻足街囗，为你指点路线、擦车窗，或帮你找个停车位等略施小惠，然后等着你给小费。遇到这种强迫中奖的情形最好酌情给一、二个quarter。当然此时对于身边的财物也应小心，财不露外，以免招来危险。而平日最好能避开行为怪异的陌生人，如果一、二个quarter能了事，最好出钱了事，免得因招其纠缠而引起危险。顺便需要提醒的是，如果美国朋友请你吃“AA制”，一定要记住，餐费不但是分开各付各的，小费