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Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Universities Branch OutA) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America‘s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai‘s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu‘s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation‘s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.51. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.52. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.54. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.55. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches，and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size．The object may be to get a tree of the right height，and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape．Secondly，pruning may be done to make the tree healthier．You may cut out diseased or dead wood，or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds．The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease，but it is a wound that will heal．Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die，so that there is a period when the tree is at risk．It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible．It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean，for healing will be slowed down by roughness．You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose．Pruning is usually done in winter，for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and it is，too，very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed．If this does happen，it is，of course，impossible to paint them properly．1. Pruning may be done to__________.A)make the tree grow taller B)improve the shape of the treeC)get rid of the small branches D)make the small branches thicker2. Trees become unhealthy if a gardener _________.A)allows too many branches to grow in the middle B)does not protect them from the windC)forces them to grow too quickly D)damages some of the small side branches3. A special substance is painted on the tree ________.A)to make a wound smooth B)to prevent disease entering a woundC)to cover a rough surface D)to help a wound to dry4. A good gardener prunes a tree_________.A)at intervals throughout the year B)as quickly as possibleC)occasionally when necessary D)regularly every winter5. What was the writer‘s purpose when writing this passage?A)To give practical instructions for priming a tree. B)To give a general description of pruning.C)To explain how trees develop diseases. D)To discuss different methods of pruning.Passage 2Ours has become a society of employees．A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed，i.e.，worked for somebody else．Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself．And when fifty years ago ―being employed‖ meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education，holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills．Indeed，two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years; middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest growing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker，the oldest child of theIndustrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field，whether it be the mechanist‘s trade or bookkeeping(簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills，sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common．And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder，the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.6. It is implied that fifty years ago __________.A) eighty per cent of American working people are employed in factoriesB) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD)the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers7. According to the passage，with the development of modern industry, _______.A) factory labourers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB) there are as many middle-class employees as factory labourersC) employers have attached great importance to factory labourersD) the proportion of factory labourers in the total employee population has decreased8. The word ―dubious‖(L2，Para．2)most probably means________.A)valuable B)useful C)doubtful D)helpful9. According to the writer，professional knowledge or skill is _______.A) less important than awareness of being a good employeeB) as important as the ability to deal with public relationsC) more important than employer-employee relationsD)as important as the ability to cooperate with others in the organization10. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one ________.A) to be more successful in his career B)to be more specialized in his fieldC) to solve technical problems D)to develop his professional skillPassage 3Oceanography has been defined as ―The application of all sciences to the study of the sea‖.Before the nineteenth century, scientists with all interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work．For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ―What is at the bottom of the oceans?‖ had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed．The engineers had to know the depth profile(轮廓)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1 840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(试探)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later，some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1 866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths. a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which 1asted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1 895.11. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on _________.A)an academic aspect B)a military aspect C)a business aspect D)an international aspect12. It was _______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies．A)the American Navy B)some early intercontinental travellersC)those who earned a living from the sea D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable13. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ______.A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B)to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC)to estimate the length of cable that was needed D)to measure the depths of the two oceans14. ―Defied‖ in the 5th paragraph (L. 4)probably means_______.A)―doubted‖B)―gave proof to‖C)―challenged‖D)―agreed to‖15. This passage is mainly about________.A)the beginnings of oceanography B)the laying of the first undersea cableC)the investigation of ocean depths D)the early intercontinental communications篇章词汇理解（或选词填空）（banked cloze）模拟训练Practice 1Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe.I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly __1___ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was __2____ to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, ___3_____ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up __4____ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable ___5___ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can‘t learn if you don‘t try. So I a ccept the assignment.There were some bad _6____. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even ___7____ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition __8____. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I‘ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhi ne River in a __9____. And I know I‘ll go on doing such things. It‘s not because I‘m braver or more daring than others. I‘m not. But I‘ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can __10___ wonders.A.accomplishB. advancedC. balloonD. claimE. constantlyF. declareG. interviewsH. limitedI. manufactureJ. momentsK. news L. reduced M. regret N. scary O. totallyPractice 2There‘s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 1______ to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2 for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 3______ to worry about, or too uncertain—something projected by the same computer 4________ that often can‘t get next week‘s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn‘t be such a bad thing anyway.And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5______ change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news.From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6____ is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren‘t pretty. Ice is 7________ , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8______, threatening communities.The 9________ are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn‘t be out of mind, because they are omens of what‘s in store for the 10_________ of the planet.A.remoteB. techniquesC. consistingD. restE. willingF. climateG. skillH. appetiteI.melting J. vanishing K. eroding L. temperatureM. curiosity N. changes O. skillfulPractice 3For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: natural resources are 1__ out, the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat, species are becoming 2____ in vast numbers, and the planet‘s air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more 3_____ not less so, since the book ‗The Limits to Growth‖ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per 4_____ of the world‘s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are 5_____. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25~50%, as has so often been 6______ . And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been 7______ , or are transient – associated with the early stages of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by 8______ it.One form of pollution – the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming – does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to 9_____ a devastating (令人心神不安的) problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and some factors seem to cause this disjunction between 10_________ and reality.A) pose B) exaggerated C) accelerating D) extinct E) existF) perception G) wealthy H) magnified I) starving J) headK) running L) predicted O) reducing N) conception M) abundantPart II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then markthe corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。