英语高级口译与听力 教材要点解析
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高级口译听力第三版教程Roy读书笔记Unit 1Part One, About Cambridge University对话,剑桥大学简介题型:A选择题,B对错判断题(T/F)难度:★★☆Notes:1, a quarter of a mile 注意a quarter of在听力中需要快速反应,比如a quarter million表示25万2,chapel, King’s College Chapel 见插图/chapel/3,don’t walk on the grass在实际场景中的表达方式为“Off the Grass”4,fellow一词在本篇中的意思为教员,又,research fellow研究员5,bursar表示大学里掌管财务的人,财务主任,会计。
An official in charge of funds, as at a college or university; a treasurer. 助记,bursar---purse(钱包) Middle English burser, from Medieval Latin bursārius, from Late Latin bursa, purse.6,permanently表示永久性地,=perpetually7,Trinity College表示“三一学院”,trinity一词来自基督教,tri-,三位一体,Holy Father, Holy Son, Holy Ghost,圣父圣子圣灵。
8,be steeped in the past表示沉浸在过去,这里steep做动词,to make thoroughly wet; saturate. 9,Cambridge Science Park,剑桥科学园/10,choir 唱诗班,注意发音[5kwaiE] 并与chorus家务事区别开。
11,the Bridge of Sighs 叹息桥见以下网络资料/view/619853.htm如果说到和英国有关的话,那我觉得你应该指的是康河上的叹息桥,也就是剑桥大学所在地剑桥城的叹息桥。
高级口译知识点总结高级口译知识点总结总结是对取得的成绩、存在的问题及得到的经验和教训等方面情况进行评价与描述的一种书面材料,它可以帮助我们总结以往思想,发扬成绩,为此我们要做好回顾,写好总结。
总结一般是怎么写的呢?下面是小编为大家整理的高级口译知识点总结,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
1注意遗忘空集致误错因分析:由于空集是任何非空集合的真子集,因此,对于集合B,就有B=A,φ≠B,B≠φ,三种情况,在解题中如果思维不够缜密就有可能忽视了B≠φ这种情况,导致解题结果错误。
尤其是在解含有参数的集合问题时,更要充分注意当参数在某个范围内取值时所给的集合可能是空集这种情况。
空集是一个特殊的集合,由于思维定式的原因,考生往往会在解题中遗忘了这个集合,导致解题错误或是解题不全面。
2忽视集合元素的三性致误错因分析:集合中的元素具有确定性、无序性、互异性,集合元素的三性中互异性对解题的影响最大,特别是带有字母参数的集合,实际上就隐含着对字母参数的一些要求。
在解题时也可以先确定字母参数的范围后,再具体解决问题。
3四种命题的结构不明致误错因分析:如果原命题是“若A则B”,则这个命题的逆命题是“若B则A”,否命题是“若┐A则┐B”,逆否命题是“若┐B则┐A”。
这里面有两组等价的命题,即“原命题和它的逆否命题等价,否命题与逆命题等价”。
在解答由一个命题写出该命题的其他形式的命题时,一定要明确四种命题的结构以及它们之间的等价关系。
另外,在否定一个命题时,要注意全称命题的否定是特称命题,特称命题的否定是全称命题。
如对“a,b都是偶数”的`否定应该是“a,b不都是偶数”,而不应该是“a,b都是奇数”。
4充分必要条件颠倒致误错因分析:对于两个条件A,B,如果A=>B成立,则A是B的充分条件,B是A的必要条件;如果B=>A成立,则A是B的必要条件,B是A的充分条件;如果A<=>B,则A,B互为充分必要条件。
理解当代中国高级英语口译教程随着全球化进程的不断推进,英语口译作为沟通不同语言的桥梁,发挥着日益重要的作用。
当代中国高级英语口译教程旨在培养具备专业素养、适应时代需求的口译人才。
本文将为您详细解析该教程的内容及其特点,帮助您更好地掌握英语口译技巧。
一、教程概述当代中国高级英语口译教程以我国丰富的社会文化背景为基础,结合国际交流的实际需求,系统介绍了英语口译的理论与实践。
教程分为四个部分:口译基本技能、专业领域口译、口译策略与技巧、实战演练。
二、教程内容1.口译基本技能该部分主要涵盖英语语音、词汇、语法等基础知识,以及口译听、说、记、译四个方面的技能训练。
通过学习,学员可以熟练掌握英语发音规律、提高听力理解能力、增强词汇运用能力和语法功底,为顺利进行口译奠定基础。
2.专业领域口译该部分涵盖了政治、经济、文化、科技、教育等多个领域的专业知识,旨在帮助学员掌握相关领域的专业词汇和表达方式,提高在特定场景下的口译能力。
3.口译策略与技巧该部分介绍了口译过程中常用的策略与技巧,如顺译、意译、归纳、演绎等,以及应对口译中可能遇到的问题和挑战的方法。
学员可以通过学习,灵活运用这些策略和技巧,提高口译质量和效率。
4.实战演练该部分通过模拟真实的口译场景,让学员在实际操作中锻炼口译能力。
内容包括会议口译、同声传译、交替传译等,帮助学员积累实践经验,提高应对各种场合的口译能力。
三、教程特点1.实用性强:教程紧密结合实际需求,注重培养学员的实战能力。
2.系统性:教程内容全面,涵盖了英语口译的各个方面,帮助学员系统掌握口译技能。
3.互动性:教程设置丰富的练习和实战演练,鼓励学员积极参与,提高学习效果。
4.时效性:教程关注时事热点,更新课程内容,确保学员所学知识与时代同步。
四、总结当代中国高级英语口译教程为有志于从事英语口译工作的人员提供了一个全面、系统的学习平台。
学英语简单吗?肯定会有许多学生说:“难死了”。
为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢?答案只有一个:“不得法。
” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言,为什么你说汉语会如此流利?那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中,如果你在伦敦呆上半年,保准说起英语来会非常流利。
但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境,那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境,坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”,那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。
一、多“说”。
自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语,见了同学,尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候,谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典,遇到生词时查一下这些生词,也不用刻意去记,用的多了,这个单词自然而然就会记住。
千万别把学英语当成负担,始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。
或许你有机会碰上外国人,你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼,和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪,婚史等私人问题。
尽量用一些你学过的词汇,句子去和他谈天说地。
不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。
因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇,而且不太看重说法,你只要发音准确,准能顺利地交流下去。
只是你必须要有信心,敢于表达自己的思想。
如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系,你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象,对它谈你一天的所见所闻,谈你的快乐,你的悲伤等等,长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。
二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。
别人用英语交谈时,你应该大胆地去参与,多听听各种各样人的发音,男女老少,节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到,如果这样的机会少的话,你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听,这将会对你帮助很大,而你去听学过的课文的磁带,那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。
三、多“读”。
“读”可以分为两种。
一种是“默读”。
每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处,读的内容可以是你的课本,但最好是一些有趣的小读物,因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。
高译第二部分:第一个Task是以Conversation形式出现Conversation常常是关于Language Learning or Teaching的内容;对考生来说,要注意一些英语教学方面的常识例如:Teaching Methodology――Integrated Skills――综合教学法(整合能力)Topic-based vs Grammar-basedCommunicative――交际(教学法)第二个Task:5则新闻――20个问题中最难的5个注意:一半以上的题的答案都位于第一句话当中。
新闻听力的特征:l 、倒三角――新闻中第一句话一般也是最重要的一句话。
2 、重要性逐次降低3 、新闻中的数字4 、谈Possibility的选项可能性高,因为它比较客观注意:考生在听的过程中注意力应有张有弛,第一句话要集中注意力,后面可以逐渐放松。
第三个Task:Interview听力材料的形式:记者采访第四个Task:Lecture, Talk听力材料的形式:Monolog(一个人说话)注意思维方式不同,对社会生活文化不同,例如:Lawyer – Solicitor刚刚拿到律师执照的, Counselor(大律师)City Council――如何形成、换届时间、主管内容等因此,要了解一些英国概括――政府管理、议会、政治制度、法律制度、大学制度等此外,要注意一些Common Sense,即国家的政议基础及中西方历史观的不同,包括对阶级的看法Note-taking,Gap-filling例一:Topic:Jeans(牛仔裤),很多人误认为是Genes(基因)1st sentence: Along with computer, copy machine, nuclear bomb(和电脑、复印机、原子弹一样),Jeans也是美国人的contributions西方人看历史,看小不看大,因为他们认为Lifestyle是最为重要的,而阶级是人们很少提及的话题。
2009.9.13高级口译真题听力原文与答案解析9.13高口听力原文Spot Dictation(精准版)权威发布For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial and professional work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from around the country are up to find many reasons for the excellence of American universities. But four historic Acts stand out as watersheds.First , education for the mass. In 1862, Congress enacted the Land Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted competition for students and resources. Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when president Lincon created the National Academy of Science to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academy’s impact really grew after world war II when a landmark report commissioned by the then president argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories, scientific research became decentralized in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also gave graduate students research opportunities and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, to the benefit of industry, medicine and society as a whole.Thirdly, investing in the future. The end of World War II saw the passage of the servicemen’s Reajustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for a college or vocational education forreturning veterans, made the higher education systmen accessible in ways that were inconceivable in Europe, opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had never dreamed of going to college.Finally , promoting diversity. The creation of federal loan and subsidy programs as well as outright grants for college students brought much needed diversity to high eduction and further helped to democratize access. Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth more than 180 billion dollars.首发:新东方9.13高口听力SD 答案1.managerial and professional2.excellence of American universitiescation for the mass4.women and minorities5.one public college6.decentralization and diversitypetition for students and resources8.the National Academy of Sciencemissioned by10.provide adequate funds11.scientific research became decentralized12.gave graduate students research opportunities13.to the benefit of industry14.investing in the future15.for returning veterans16.were inconceivable in Europe17.never dreamed of going to college18.loan and subsidy programs19.helped to democratize access20.more than 180 billion dollars9.13高口听力原文News(精准版)权威发布London, the United KingdomThe left-leaning think tank, the Institute for Public Policy Research, IPPR, has warned the UK chancellor not to use green taxes to plug the hole in government finances. Its new research shows that government could gain £3.5 billion a year through a carbon tax on homes and vehicles. But IPPR says this would harm the poor unless ministers give back all the cash in the form of benefits, tax breaks and home insulation. IPPR has developed a computer model to assess the benefits and drawbacks of environmental taxes. The preliminary findings suggest that taxes can prove a useful tool in achieving environmental objectives. But IPPR says it would be a mistake to use them to raise money because unless they are counterbalanced, they inevitably hit the poorest hardest and are mistrusted by the public.Munich, GermanyGerman business confidence rose less than expected in May as sluggish demand weighed on construction and manufacturing, though outlook for the six-month ahead improved, aclosely-watched survey showed. The Munich-based IFO institute's business climate index increased to 84.2 points in May from 83.7 points in April. That’s a steady increase from 82.2 points in March, the lowest level in 26 years. IFO said in release that manufacturers reported a poorer business situation this mouth than in April, but expect improvement in the next six months.Germany’s economy went into recession last fall as the global economic crisis sapped demand for its exports.Washington, the United StatesPresident Obama’s tougher new fuel efficiency standards bring industry, environmentalists and states together to start cutting greenhouse gas emissions from cars. But the reductions would represent only a drop in the bucket of what’s needed to address global warming. White House officials say the proposal would cut greenhouse gas emissions by about 900 million metric tons. That's the total reduction of pollution from the five model years of cars and trucks covered by the proposal. Environmental Protection Agency chief Lisa Jackson notes that even though the pollution reductions are big, they’re dwarfed by the massive challenge of global warming. “This action alone—I don’t want to mislead anyone—is not going to change global temperatures. Obviously, it is one step on a long road.”OPEC, AsiaA lowered edge lower last week, oil price rose to $61 a barrel Monday in Asia as investors eyed an OPEC meeting this week and weighed evidence of a global economic recovery. Trading was light because US markets are closed Monday for Memorial Day. Benchmark crude for July delivery was $61.32 a barrel by mid-day on the New York Mercantile Exchange. On Friday, the contract rose to settle at $61.67. Oil has rallied on investor optimism that the worst of the global economic downturn is over. In Asia , there are signs that the drop in exports has bottomed, although the outlook remains murky.L’Aquila ItalyScores of people were killed and tens of thousands left homeless in central Italy today after a powerful earthquake shook a mountain region, severely damaging a historic city and leavinghundreds feared trapped in rubble. At least 92 people were known to have died , and more than 1500 people had been injured, the Italian Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi, told a press conference in L’Aquila , the badly damaged capital of the Abruzzo region, close to the quake’s epicenter. The 6.3-magnitude tremor was the country’s deadliest since the Irpinia quake in the south in November 1980, which killed more than 2400 people.6.Why has the left-leaning IPPR warned the government not to use green taxes to raise money?7.Which of the following best describes Germany’s current economy?8.Which of the following statement is true about President Obama’s proposal about new fuel efficiency standards?9.What price was oil on Monday in Asia?10.At least how many people were known to have died in the recent earthquake in central Italy?2009年9.13高级口译考试News听力解析上海新东方口译研究中心 K本次新闻考试重点考察新闻导语部分涉及到的事件及数字。
2011年3月高级口译听力完整答案及听力原文及解析听力答案SECTION ONE:LISTENING TESTPart A Spot Dictation:1. freedom and connection2. top five benefits3. to think differently4. old boring way of doing things5. oppose the common wisdom6. fixed and boring7. invite your inner child out8. shifts the new world of discovery9. every human spent time10. brought a smile to your face11. and a feeling of inner peace12. watch your joy factor13. to reduce stress14. basic to human existence15. adaptive abilities16. healthy answers to challenging situations17. add a feeling of relaxation18. stimulate the imagination19. more meaningful understanding20. various possible situationsPart B Listening Comprehension:1-5 BDBBC 6-10 BDACB11-15 BCDAC 16-20 ABCBCSECTION TWO:READING TEST1-5 C D D A A 6-10 C D B C C11-15 A D B D B 16-20 B D B B CSECTION FOUR:LISTENING TESTPart A Note-taking and Gap-filling:critical/ vital/ important/ essentialsaving/ cure/categoricallydeprofessionalizeddistancinghistoryListening75%10%laboratorytechnologyrelationshipinefficienttechnologiesdrugshospitalizationrewardbeyondcaringpatientPart B: Listening and Translation:Ⅰsentence translation1、首先让我们来定义这两个术语。
英语高级口译听力笔记英语高级口译听力笔记英语高级口译听力笔记note-taking and gap filling:culture/ set/ behavior/ value/ society/ share culture/ primary behavior, practice/ difference/ socially acceptable behavior/different countriesglobal/ travel/ emergence/ multinational organizationcultural differencetherefore/ different/ socially acceptable business behavior business behavior/ vary/ different culturessay no/ different countriessocially unacceptable/ say no/ even/ ultimate answer/ negativejapan/ never/ say no/ each other/ business people from other countriesprolonged discussionuntil/ negativejapanese businessman/ agreenegotiation/ resumeamerican/ value decisivenessdecision/ effectiveamerican/ say no/ quicklyoffensive/ people/ discussion/ vary/ different cultures/ countriesbusiness/ physically closer/ familiarfrequently/ two businessmen/ business negotiationbusiness between japan and latin american countriesclose/ judge/ closer/ agreement/ business negotiationphysically/ stand/ sitamerica/ dislike/ others/ invade/ personal space/ esp. menif/ businessman/ japan/ move towards american businessman/ back awayconsequently/ suspicion of each other/ poor communicationbusiness card/ different significance/ different countries japanese/ exchange/ business card/ important ritualmost important person/ exchange business card firstmanagers/ note/ details/ thorough10-15 minutes/ exchange business card/ qualification/ experienceanswer questions/ compliment each otheramerican business people/ collect business cardview/ information/ importantaccept/ quickly/ 2-3 secondscoat pocket/ glance/ later/ office/ examine/ detailsfinally/ cultures/ ethical behavior/ unethicalamerica/ bribe/ unethical/ illegalcharge/ criminal activity/ jail/ crimeemployee/ caught/ taking bribe/ fine/ a lot of moneyother countries/ different attitudes/ briberyeurope/ business gift/ acceptable/ conduct businessdetails vary/ different countries/ europeexample/ spain/ bribe/ regular business/ illegal/ law/ not concerngermany/ people/ bribe/ business/ deduct/ income taxnecessary expense/ business organizationbribe/ common/ government officialssentence translation1 与其他许多国家一样,英国在犯罪现象方面呈上升趋势,2003年,警方接到报告的暴力事件是20年前的5倍.2 帮助贫困人群,应当从帮助其子女开始入手,因为很多贫困家庭的子女无法享受良好的教育,而如果能帮助他们得到好的教育,他们就可以实现自助.3 今天,我们将一起探讨社会福利在瑞典与瑞士这两个欧洲国家所起到的作用. 这两个经济体都可被成为福利国家,或是由民主掌控的社会主义.4 自二战以来,法国实行被成为指导市场经济的制度,既国家通过某些措施,如选择部分工业对其实行国有化等,对市场经济进行指导与调控.5 吸烟严重有害人体健康.在美国,导致本来可预防的死亡原因中,吸烟是最突出的一条.每年吸烟导致40万美国人死亡,另有1千万人遭到吸烟相关疾病的困扰.passage translation1 澳大利亚是世界六大旅游目的地之一.到2005年,旅游业将成为该过第二大支柱产业. 2000年至2002年,到澳大利亚旅游的外国游客总数上升了50%. 2003年,外国游客总数突破一千九百一十万.64%的游客来自欧洲与北美.其余多位亚洲及世界其他地方的游客.商务旅游占来自海外游客总收入的1/5. 澳大利亚的旅游胜地包括: 剧院,博物馆,艺术馆,历史名胜,购物中心,体育场馆,各类商务场所等.2 何以谓之健康?最简单的定义,莫过于无病痛之患.此乃简单的医学上定义的健康,既经过诊断治疗,没有疾病的困扰.无疑该定义是狭隘的,因其仅考虑了生理上的健康既无疾病.世界卫生组织给出了更为广泛的定义.所谓健康,是指这样一种状态,包括了更全面的生理、心理、情绪、社会、智力、环境、精神等方面的健康良好状态.对上述方面进行综合考虑,一个人才更为完整地拥有健康.因此,良好的健康应包括,与自我,与他人,与环境,均保持和谐融洽的关系,这样才能在生活中最大可能地收获.英语高级口译听力笔记相关内容:。
2022高级口译攻略高级口译分为两个部分——笔试和口试,且笔试通过才能参与口试。
下面我就和大家共享高级口译攻略,盼望能够关心到大家,来观赏一下吧。
高级口译攻略听力Listening听力(一):Spot Dictation和Note-taking and Gap filling这两个大题都是考察速记力量的。
要求填空的内容都是听力文稿中的原话,但难点在于朗读者语速较快。
提高得分率最好的方法就是多听真题和模拟题。
一遍过后若没有都能听出,则再次播放直到能完全填出全部内容。
训练10篇以后,则只听一遍,模拟考试状态。
听力(二):Listening Comprehension1. 高级口译的听力短文多数考察细节题,所以在听的过程中肯定要记笔记。
2. 由于听力的题目并未在卷子上呈现,所以我们可以从选项动身对问题有一个预判。
听力(三):Passage Translation and SentenceTranslation1. 边听文章边把握文章大意与主旨2. 速记:记录数字,日期等,还有尽可能多的细节。
最终争取把登记来的点统统用上,串联成一篇文章。
3. 笔记:肯定要干净、有序、条理分明。
否则文章内容的先后次序会受到很大的影响。
4. 用词要简洁直白阅读Reading阅读(一)选择1. 高口的文章相对较长,所以推举的做题方法是先看题后去文章找相关句子。
2. 针对不同题型的不同解法,这里就不赘述了。
(详细要结合题目,可以参考《高级口译笔试备考精要》)3. 高口的词汇远超六级。
应试者最好能背完专四。
若能背完专八,则更为稳妥。
阅读(二)问答题1. 圈画。
问答题的题目较为直白,但是需要回答的内容特别特别多,而且经常涉及好几段的内容,所以肯定要在文章中划出重点。
2.概括与总结。
抄原句费时费劲,而且会使答案缺少层次与规律。
所以肯定要对原文进行概括与整合。
翻译Translation1. 娴熟把握《中高级口译口试词汇必备》上的内容2. 在英译中的过程中若遇难词,先考虑通过上下文推想语境义,不行则跳过。
3月高级口译听力Listening Comprehension1解析M: There is a small number of exceptional people who play a huge role in the transmissions of epidemic ideas. I call them Mavens, Connectors and Salesmen. W: Say it again?M: Mavens, Connectors and Salesman. Connectors are the kind of people who know everybody. They have extraordinary social ties. Well, if I do this names test in the Manhattan phonebook, and you go down the list. Every time you see a name you know, you give yourself a point. Well, most people score like 25, 30. Someone scores like 120 or 130. That kind of person is incredibly in generating word-of-mouth epidemics. If they like something and get hold of some idea, they can spread 5 or 6 times further than the average person.W: Who are those people, what defines them?M: Well, these are extraordinarily social people with a lot of energy who are consumed by the task of getting to know people, of meeting people, of keeping in touch with them. They make phone calls all day long.W: I am afraid I am one of them.M: This is not typical behavior. This is a behavior that is actually rare. Most of us don’t do that. And I am someone who is not that way. I can't start a word-of-mouth epidemic because I simply don’t know enough pe ople.I can’t get it outside my own immediate circle of friends. Someone has friends all over the place. They can spread the news about a new restaurant, or a new movie, or something far and wide in a very, very short time.W: These are the Connectors. Who are the Mavens and who are the Salesmen?M: The Mavens are people who have specialized knowledge. If you examine why you make certain decisions, why do you shop somewhere, why do you go to a certain restaurant, you’ll find that you are relying on the same person over and over again for recommendations. Those people I call Mavens. My friend Ereal is a Maven, who knows all about the restaurants in lower Manhattan. If I want to know about the hot new restaurant, I call Ereal. Well, all of Ereal’s friends call Ereal, and if you go to restaurants in lower Manhattan and look around the room, you will see friends of Ereal. The restaurant market is an epidemic market, which is controlled by a group of Ereals. I don’t think there are very many of them. There are probably two dozen of them. That’s true of lots of things. That’s true of shopping, and books and movies. If a Maven gets together with a Connector, then you begin see why a word-of-mouth epidemic might happen. Someone who knows everyone in combination with someone who knows everything is a really powerful connection.W: And then introduce the Salesmen.M: Well, those people are incredibly persuasive. And again, that’s a very rare and unusual trait.W: Leaves me out, you see. I can connect, but I can’t sell.M: Well, they are separate categories. I’ve met with a guy who is known as one of the greatest salesman in America today. When you meet with someone like that, you begin to realize why trans happen. They happen because someone who has this extraordinary natural ability to win you over. When they get hold of an idea, they can really make it go a long way.Questions:1. What’s the main topic of this conversation?2. Which of the following descriptions does not apply to Connectors?3. Which of the following statements best defines the Mavens?4. Accordi ng to the conversation, which of the following groups does the man’s friend Ereal belong to?5. What can we tell about all three groups of people?【解析】本段以对话形式介绍了三种人Maven,Connector,Salesman的含义,及各自对transmissions of epidemic ideas的作用,并给出明确的例证。
Unit 1 Beijing1.When the founding of the People's Republic of China was officially proclaimed on October 1st, 1949, Beijing became its capital.中华人民共和国在1949年10月1日正式宣布成立,从那时起,北京就是其首都。
explanation:(1)副词officially通常包含两层词义,一是当“官方”来讲,二是“正式”的意思,副词在具体语言环境下的翻译,是和语言环境密切相关的,并且有时需要对句子的语序进行调整,有时需要对词性进行转换。
(2)由When引导的状语从句,在译文中并没有遵循原句英语的语序,而是把其拆分成两相相对独立的语言单位,并把时间状语译成“从那时起”。
2.There has been a settlement on its site for over 3,000 years.这里(有人)定居(的历史)已逾3000年。
英语重客观,汉语重主观,所以,在对英语中的“there be”结构进行翻译时,一般通过增加词汇、词性转译和调整语序的方式,将其译成符合汉语表达习惯的句式(人做主语)。
因而,上句也可译成:(人们)定居在这里的历史已有3000多年了。
3.The late 1950s saw the construction of a number of important building....二十世纪五十年代末,许多重要建筑拔地而起……非生命名词做主语,是英语中非常常见的句式,对这类结构的翻译不可拘泥于英语的句式,不然,译文会违背汉语的表达原则,显得不伦不类。
对这类结构的翻译,一般是将英语中的主语(非生命名词)译成汉语中的状语或是宾语。
例:His absence puts off the meeting.因为他缺席,会议延期。
4.Covering 273 ha., the main structure of the Temple of Heaven include......占地273公顷,天坛的主体结构包括……(1)现在分词短语做状语的英语句子翻译成汉语时,要根据分词短语所做的状语的不同类别,加上适当的关联词,如表示原因的,表示让步的,表示条件的等等。
例:1.Weather permitting, we will start tommorrow. (如果)天气允许,我们明天开始。
2.Being late, I was punished. (因为)迟到,我受到了惩罚。
(2)“cover”一词词义较为广泛,常见的用法有“占用”、“覆盖”和“含盖”等意思。
The money which our company gives you will cover your traveling expense.我们公司给你的钱也将含盖你的差旅费。
Unit 2 Sports1.The founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 brought aboutfundamental changes to the field of sports and the skills of Chinese athletes improved quickly.随着1949年中华人民共和国的成立,中国体育迎来了根本性的变化,体育健儿的竞技水平也在迅速提高。
如果把本句译为:1949年中华人民共和国的成立给中国体育带来根本性的变化,体育健儿的竞技水平也迅速提高,就显得头重脚轻,语流不畅。
我们在处理这一问题时,把英语中的主语翻译成汉语中的状语,这样就流畅自然了许多。
这样的处理方式,还是根源于非生命名词做主语的翻译技巧。
2.The athletic progress of New China is rooted in mass participation.新中国体育的进步是以广泛的群众参与为基础的。
或是:群众的广泛参与为新中国的体育进步奠定了基础。
将非生命名词的主语翻译成汉语句子中的宾语。
另外:be rooted in 不宜翻译成“扎根于”。
3.Literally meaning"breathing exercises",qigong was mentioned in records in China dating as far back as 3,000 years ago.气功,字面意思为“气息锻炼”,其在中国史料中的记载可以追溯到三千年前。
(1)“字面意思为……”,这是在口译中经常会出现的字眼,尤其是在汉译英中,用来解释一些直接译为拼音的、中国所特有的、用单词或短语无法翻译清楚的典故和俚语,来源于寓言故事的成语,或是需要补充说明的字眼上。
例:1.双喜临门literally means "double happiness fall on before the door"2."狮子头"literally means "lion's head" is a large pork ball(2)date back, 译为“追溯”既显得有文采,也遵循了口译的三原则。
4.It has been suggested that China adopt the English professional soccer system, under which players are selected for the national team from the clubs.有人提议中国应该采取英国职业足球体系,从各个俱乐部中选拔国家队球员。
英译中的It is+V(e)d+that从句的结构,在翻译成汉语时,往往采取两种处理方式,一是译为“据……”,如:“据说”、“据报道”等;二是译为“有人……”,如:“有人提议”、“有人设想”等。
例1:it is supposed that all the senior should be cared in the family.例2:It is expected that U.S. should take more responsibility in struggling with global poverty.Unit 3 Education1.The guidelines for China's education are:education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectually, and physically.中国的教育方针是,“教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务,必须与生产劳动相结合,培养德、智、体全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人”。
英语当中的副词一般来讲信息承载量都比较大,但并不是所有的副词都是那样,相反,有一些副词在翻译的时候却要“简洁化”,如上句中的morally,intellectually和physically.例:Morning exercise does good to us physically and mentally.晨练对我们的身心都有好处。
2.That's to say, in these poverty-stricken counties food and clothing are still the primary concern of the population.也就是说,在这些贫困县,人们最关注的事情还是衣服和食物。
Poverty-stricken counties一个具有强烈中国特色的词汇,对其的学习要做到举一反三,贫困地区,贫困家庭,贫困生等的翻译也就顺理成章啦。
3.中山大学师资力量雄厚。
其中教授、副教授700余人,讲师650人,助教400人。
Zhongshan University has a strong teaching staff,with over 700 professors and assocaite professors, 650 lecturers, and some 400 assistants and instructors.在汉译英中,汉语中表示细节解释或是伴随说明的部分,在译成英语时,往往不翻译成相对独立的语言单位,而是用短语来表达,最常见的结构是介词短语(with, including)和分词短语。
例:1.With the company of her sister, Mary goes to hospital.panied by her sister,Mary goes to hospital.1.Step 1,to double China's GNP of 1980 in 10 years with chief aim of providing adequate food and clothing for the Chinese people.第一步,用十年时间,实现国民生产总值比1980年翻一翻,基本解决人民的温饱问题。
2.China is a country with a population of over 1.1 billion people of whom over 800 million live in the rual areas.中国是一个拥有十一亿人口的大国,其中八亿是农民。
3.Reform in China does not mean a change of the socialist system but its improvement and development.中国的改革不是要改变社会主义制度,而是其的(自我)完善和(自我)发展。
(1)does not mean不是意味着,但我们在翻译的时候,不能照章直译,要考虑全局,本着“既能够表达清楚意思,又要足够的简洁”。
(2)its improvement and development 自我完善和自我发展,口译时,有时为了表达更加完整和清晰,需要添加词汇来达到这一目的。
4.Economic development has been the top priority of the Chinese government. China has only 7% of the world's total cultivated land and yet has 22% of world's total population.经济发展是中国政府的第一要务。