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no matter ﹢疑问词与疑问词﹢ever■崔长平河南遂平一高（463100）■基本用法比较表■分类例句：A：①引导让步状语从句，二者可以互换。
You seem to have a ready-made answer, whenever I ask you a question.No matter when (= Whenever) you call on me, you are welcome.I told him to come back whenever he wants to.You may leave whenever you please.②引导时间状语从句。
Whenever she looked at John she smiled.I go to the theatre whenever I get the chance.Whenever asked about it, she hesitated to give an answer.Whenever (it’s) possible, the children play outside in the fresh air.③引导名词性从句。
Whenever you drop in is welcome.④用来加强疑问语气，意为“到底，究竟”，相当于疑问词之后放置on earth，in the world，under the sun，in hell，the hell等等。
Whenever / When ever will we meet again？B：Whoever (= No matter who) you are, you can’t pass this way. （让步状语从句）I’ll find the person who did this, whoever (= no matter who) he is.（让步状语从句）Whoever(= Anybody who 或 Anyone who)comes will be welcome. （主语从句）Give it to whoever(= anybody who 或 anyone who)you like. （宾语从句）Whoever(= Who ever)said that? （加强疑问语气）C：I’ll post the letter whatever(= no matter what)Wilson says. （让步状语从句）Whatever(= No matter what)happened I must be calm and quiet. （让步状语从句）Whatever(= Anything that)she did was right. （主语从句）I’ll just say whatever(= anything that)comes into my head. （宾语从句）Whatever / What ever are you going to do with it? （加强疑问语气）D：Wherever(= No matter where)he goes，I’ll go with him. （让步状语从句）I’ll find her wherever(no matter where)she may be. （让步状语从句）We’ll go wherever(= to any place where)you stay. （地点状语从句）Wherever the sea is, you’ll find seamen. （地点状语从句）Sit wherever(= any place where)you like. （地点状语从句）I’ll telephone you from wherever(= any place where)I get tomorrow. （宾语从句）Wherever / Where ever are you taking me? （加强疑问语气）E：However(= No matter how)far he wandered, he always returned by dusk.（让步状语从句）However(= No matter how)cold it is，she always goes swimming. （让步状语从句）You may use it however and whenever you like. （方式和时间状语从句）However / How ever did you find it? （加强疑问语气）He was different, however,from the others. （语义转折的副词）F：Whichever(= No matter which)you choose,the others will be offended.（让步状语从句）Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied. （让步状语从句）From whichever side the wind blew it was calm here. （让步状语从句）Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize. （主语从句）I’ll take whichever books you don’t want. （宾语从句）Whichever / Which ever do you want to choose? （加强疑问语气）G：No matter whether(= Whether)it is light or dark at that hour，we’ve decided to leave at five o’clock in the morning. （让步状语从句）Mary wanted to go to school on time，no matter if(= whether)she went without breakfast.（让步状语从句）Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. （主语从句）I don’t know whether you like flowers, sir. （宾语从句）His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. （表语从句）All the time she was in bitter doubt whether she was right. （同位语从句）■注意：1）上述让步状语从句均含有“条件”的意味。
whoever 和no matter who 都是无论谁，不管谁的意思。
但whoever可以作为引导让步状语从句的连接代词，而no matter who 不能。
whoever和no matter who 是疑问词+ ever和no matter + 疑问词中的一个特例，这类词的主要区别是：
①疑问词+ ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。
如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词+ ever还可引导让步状语从句。
如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
如：No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
例题：-------has eyes can see --------- great achievements we have made since 1978.
A, Whoever;what B, No matter who; what
但whoever可以作为引导让步状语从句的连接代词，而no matter who 不能。
如何区别“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”
昝亚娟
【期刊名称】《疯狂英语：初中天地》
【年(卷),期】2014(0)9
【摘要】在英语中，代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever被称为复合关系代词。
复合关系代词兼具先行词与关系代词的作用。
常用于引导名词性从句。
但是，很多同学弄不清复合代词的用法，在使用时经常出错。
那么，我们就一起来学习复合代词的用法吧!
【总页数】3页(P58-60)
【关键词】疑问词;关系代词;词的用法;名词性从句;复合;先行词;英语;同学
【作者】昝亚娟
【作者单位】
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G633.41
【相关文献】
1.如何区别“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词” [J], ;
2."疑问词+ever"和"no matter+疑问词"语法精练 [J],
3.“特殊疑问词+ever”和“no matter+特殊疑问词” [J], 张喜梅;
4.“no matter＋特殊疑问词”与“特殊疑问词＋ever” [J], 刘耀辉
5.疑问词-ever=no matter＋疑问词吗？ [J], 黄旦谷
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
疑问代词+ ever: whatever / whichever / who(m)ever疑问副词+ ever : wherever / whenever / however上述单词含意：不管/ 无论+ 该疑问词的本义一．疑问代词+ ever 可引导：a.让步状语从句=no matter+疑问词b.名词性从句〔主要指主语从句、宾语从句;它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。
〕在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。
如：What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。
注意：这种类型的名词性从句相当于：any...+定语从句whatever=anything that...who(m)ever=anyone who(m)...whichever=the one that/ who...a. 引导让步状语从句：1.Whatever happened，he wouldn't say a word.= No matter what happened，he wouldn't say a word.I’ll stand by you whatever happens.=I’ll stand by you , no matter what happens.2.Whoever says so，it is wrong.= No matter who says so，it is wrong.Whoeverwants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.= No matter who wants to s peak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.3.Whichever dictionary you 〔may〕take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.= No matter which dictionary you 〔may〕take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.= No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个月的保修注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词may / might .b.引导名词性从句：1.Whoever smokes here will be punished. 〔主语从句〕=Anyone who smokes here will....2.Beggars will eat whatever they are given. 〔宾语从句〕=Beggars will eat anything that they...3.Whichever he likes will be given to him. 〔主语从句〕=The one that he likes will be given to him.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 〔主语从句〕You may invite whoever / whomever you like.〔常用whoever 代替whomever 〕=You may invite anyone who(m) you like.c.whatever引导的名词性从句whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西〞，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。
疑问词＋ever及no matter＋疑问词引导的让步状语从句反
名词性从句的用法
杜洪泉
【期刊名称】《英语学习辅导：高考指导版》
【年(卷),期】2000(000)007
【摘要】whatever(无论什么)，whichever(无论哪一个)，whoever(无论谁)，whomever(无论谁)，whosever(无论谁的)，however(无论如何)，wherever(无论哪里)，whenever(无论何时)，nomatter(what，which，who，whom，whose，how，when，where)可以引导让步状语从句及名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。
注意：无whyever，nomatterwhy形式。
【总页数】3页(P6-7,45)
【作者】杜洪泉
【作者单位】长春
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G633
【相关文献】
1.名词性从句中引导词的用法与区别 [J],
2.what引导名词性从句用法剖析 [J], 王霞
3.what引导名词性从句用法剖析 [J], 王霞;
4.由疑问词＋ever引导的几种从句 [J], 邓利明
5.浅析疑问词+不定式与疑问词引导的宾语从句 [J], 朱冬美
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
主语从句用法详解(例句丰富)一、主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。
1. that引导That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。
That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。
2. whether引导Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
3. 连接代词引导Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
疑问代词+ ever: whatever / whichever / who(m)ever疑问副词+ ever : wherever / whenever / however上述单词含意：不管/ 无论+ 该疑问词的本义一．疑问代词+ ever 可引导：a.让步状语从句=no matter+疑问词b.名词性从句（主要指主语从句、宾语从句;它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。
）在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。
如：What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。
注意：这种类型的名词性从句相当于：any...+定语从句whatever=anything that...who(m)ever=anyone who(m)...whichever=the one that/ who...a. 引导让步状语从句：1.Whatever happened，he wouldn't say a word.= No matter what happened，he wouldn't say a word.I’ll stand by you whatever happens.= I’ll stand by you , no matter what happens.2.Whoever says so，it is wrong.= No matter who says so，it is wrong.Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.= No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.3.Whichever dictionary you （may）take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you （may）take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.= No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.不管买哪个都有六个月的保修注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词may / might .b.引导名词性从句：1.Whoever smokes here will be punished. （主语从句）=Anyone who smokes here will....2.Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （宾语从句）=Beggars will eat anything that they...3.Whichever he likes will be given to him. （主语从句）=The one that he likes will be given to him.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. （主语从句）You may invite whoever / whomever you like.（常用whoever 代替whomever ）=You may invite anyone who(m) you like.c. whatever引导的名词性从句whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。
疑问代词+ ever: whatever / whichever / who(m)ever疑问副词+ ever : wherever / whenever / however上述单词含意：不管/ 无论+ 该疑问词的本义一．疑问代词+ ever 可引导：a.让步状语从句=no matter+疑问词b.名词性从句（主要指主语从句、宾语从句;它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。
）在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。
如：What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。
注意：这种类型的名词性从句相当于：any...+定语从句whatever=anything that...who(m)ever=anyone who(m)...whichever=the one that/ who...a. 引导让步状语从句：1.Whatever happened，he wouldn't say a word.= No matter what happened，he wouldn't say a word.I’ll stand by you whatever happens.= I’ll stand by you , no matter what happens.2.Whoever says so，it is wrong.= No matter who says so，it is wrong.Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.= No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.3.Whichever dictionary you （may）take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you （may）take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.= No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.不管买哪个都有六个月的保修注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词may / might .b.引导名词性从句：1.Whoever smokes here will be punished. （主语从句）=Anyone who smokes here will....2.Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （宾语从句）=Beggars will eat anything that they...3.Whichever he likes will be given to him. （主语从句）=The one that he likes will be given to him.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. （主语从句）You may invite whoever / whomever you like.（常用whoever 代替whomever ）=You may invite anyone who(m) you like.c. whatever引导的名词性从句whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。
whatever-用法whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever, however用法归纳一、引导状语从句它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句)，其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等，相当于英语中的no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。
如：Whatever [No matter what] you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。
Whoever [No matter who] telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。
Whichever [No matter which] day you come, I’ll be pleasedto see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。
Whenever [No matter when] you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
We found the people friendly wherever [no matter where] we went. 无论我们走到哪里，我们都发现人们很友好。
However [No matter how] much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。
注：有时从句谓语可用情态动词：无论他在哪里，我都要找到他。
正：I’ll find him, wherever he is.正：I’ll find him, wherever he may be.无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
正：Keep calm, whatever happens.正：Keep calm, whatever may happen另外，whoever 的宾格也是whoever, 而不是whomever, 后者在现代英语已基本不用，有的词典已不收录此词。
疑问代词+ ever: whatever / whichever / who(m)ever疑问副词 + ever : wherever / whenever / however上述单词含意：不管 / 无论 + 该疑问词的本义一．疑问代词 + ever 可引导：a.让步状语从句=no matter+疑问词b.名词性从句（主要指主语从句、宾语从句;它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。
）在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。
如：What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。
注意：这种类型的名词性从句相当于：any...+定语从句whatever=anything that...who(m)ever=anyone who(m)...whichever=the one that/ who...a. 引导让步状语从句：1.Whatever happened， he wouldn't say a word.= No matter what happened， he wouldn't say a word.I’ll stand by you whatever happens.= I’ll stand by you , no matter what happens.2.Whoever says so， it is wrong.= No matter who says so， it is wrong.Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.= No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.3.Whichever dictionary you （may） take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.= No matter which dictionary you （may） take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. = No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.不管买哪个都有六个月的保修注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may / might .b.引导名词性从句：1.Whoever smokes here will be punished. （主语从句）=Anyone who smokes here will....2.Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （宾语从句）=Beggars will eat anything that they...3.Whichever he likes will be given to him. （主语从句）=The one that he likes will be given to him.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. （主语从句）You may invite whoever / whomever you like.（常用 whoever 代替 whomever ）=You may invite anyone who(m) you like.c. whatever引导的名词性从句whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。
“no matter+疑问词”结构用法疑难解析no matter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……，无论……”，是高考的高频考点之一，在运用时应注意以下几点：一、注意从句的时态由no matter what/who/where/when…引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。
如：No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。
二、注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置no matter what/whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；no matter how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。
如：No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet. 无论他多么努力工作，却总是入不敷出。
三、注意“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+ever”在用法上的区别1. “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。
如：No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。
2. 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。
如：Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。
（这里不能用no matter who。
）3. whoever既可引导名词性从句，又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；whomever也可引导名词性从句，但只能在从句中作宾语。
如：You may invite whomever you like.4. whatever表示“无论什么”，没有一定的范围限制；whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”，其后可接一个名词。
疑问词+ever包括疑问代词+ever和疑问副词+ever。
①疑问代词：whatever whichever whoever whomever②疑问副词：whenever wherever however（1）疑问词+ever与 no matter+疑问词引导从句时的区别1、疑问词+ever引导名词性从句，不可以与no matter+疑问词互换使用。
例：Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift.来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。
分析：Whoever意为“无论是谁”，引导名词性从句时，不可以与no matterwho互换。
2、引导让步状语从句，可以与no matter+疑问词互换使用。
例：The quality will be the same whichever（=no matter which） of them you choose.它们当中无论你选哪一个，品质都一样。
分析：Whichever意为“无论哪一个”，引导让步状语从句时，可以与no matter which互换。
【归纳】简单说来：疑问句+ever可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，但是No matter+疑问词只可以引导让步状语从句，也就说说前者适用的范围比后者大。
所以选项中两者都有的情况下，我们尽量选择使用范围较广的疑问词+ever，答对的可能性较大。
（2）疑问词+ever引导名词性从句时注意事项Whatever我们知道相当于No matter what，但是在引导名词性从句时相当于anything that我们来分析以下的例句。
例：Whatever he did was right.他无论做什么都是争取的。
=Anything （that he did ） was right. （正确）Anything he did was right. （错误）分析：Whatever意为“无论是什么”，相当于anything that，anything是题干中的主语，同时充当先行词，后面that为定语从句中的引导词，that在定语从句中充当主语成分，并且不能省略。
特殊疑问词+ ever =No matter +特殊疑问词连词whetherno matter + 特殊疑问代词what / which who/whom / whose特殊疑问副词when/ where /how该类结构只能引导让步状语从句，而且位置灵活放在主句前后皆可第一：no matter whether 引导让步状语从句，whether在从句中不充当句子成分，只起引导作用，但是有词义，其汉语意思为“无论是否----”例1：No matter whether he had been invited or not, he was there to celebrate Jim’s birthday.例2：No matter whether it is light or dark at that hour, we've decided to leave at five o'clock in the morning.例3 ：Mary always gets to school on time, no matter whether it rains or winds.第二：no matter what只能引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论什么”。
What 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
例1：No matter what happened, he would not say a word. （what 在从句中作主语）例2：No matter what you do, don’t touch this switch. （what 在从句中作宾语）例3：No matter what you want to be in the future, you must work hard now .（what 在从句中作表语）例4：I won’t believe you，no matter what you say. （what 在从句中作宾语）例5：No matter what are needed in your wedding , I will preparE them for it in time.（what 在从句中作主语）Which words can you guess may replace “no matter what ”in the sentences above?第三：no matter who , 在让步状语从句中同样作从句的主语、宾语、表语。
