大管径流量测量的实验与仿真研究

ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣ⱘ 偠Ϣӓⳳⷨおē ӥӥē⋹ ⬉⇨Ϣ㞾 ⿟ 䰶⌕䞣 偠 ⋹ē ē ѝ˄Ё 䅵䞣⾥ ⷨお䰶 ⛁ Ҁ ˅㽕˖ ӒӾ ē С Ӗē ѻ Ӗ ԅӖЉ d Ӗ Љ ēճ Ϧ ̝ ēѩ dӖ Љ ԅ ճ ē c ѩ Љ c Љζ ԉ Ӡ d· &)' Ӗ Љ dԨ ԁ Љ ̣ ēճ Ӗ Љ ԅб Ϗ Љ dԨЬ ԁ ұ Љ ̣ ēճ Ӗ Љ ԅ d 䬂䆡ġӖ ē Љ ēб Ϗ ē ē̝ ē&)'Ё ㉏ ˖TP814 ⤂ 䆚ⷕ˖AExperiment and Simulation on Large Bore Pipeline Flow MeasurementSUN Li-jun ZHENG Dan-dan ZHANG Tao(School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, 300072, China)MENG Tao HU He-ming WANG Chi(National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013 China)Abstract:In recent years, a lot of large bore pipeline flow measurement problems appeared in energy and resource industry, according to the scale of industry production expands day by day for attain the effect of large scale. It was significant for industry branch to run safely and efficiently, with lowest energy cost, to realize the accurate measurement of the large bore pipeline flow. For the development of large bore pipeline flow measurement technology is behind the industry, profound research works is urgently needed in many aspects of it, such as the method for flow meter performance evaluation, the way for no-fully-developped duct flow measurement, optimization of flowmeter design, and so on. Model experiment and CFD simulation was introduced to the field of large bore pipeline flow measurement in the paper. Some reseach works on ultrasonic flowmeter, it is siut for large bore pipeline water flow measurement, was carried out in the case of Three Gorges power station water flow measurement. And, reseach works on Averaging Pitot Tubes flowmeter, it is siut for large bore pipeline gas flow measurement, was carried out in the case of Sanhe generating plant air flow measurement.Key words: Large Bore Pipeline; Flow Measurement; Ultrasonic Flowmeter; Averaging Pitot Tube Flowmeter; Installation Effects; CFD Simulation㿔1.1 ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊯䱣ⴔ⫳ѻ㾘῵ⱘϡ ˈ䖥 㛑⑤ 䌘⑤ ϮЁ ⦄њ 䞣ⱘ ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣䯂乬DŽ∈⬉キǃ ∈ ⿟ǃ㞾 ∈ǃ∈ ⧚ㄝ㸠ϮЁ䳔㽕 ㅵ ∈⌕䞣⌟䞣DŽ՟ ˖∈⬉キḌ ∈䕂⥛ⱘ ⲥ⌟ ⬉キ㒣⌢䖤㸠 㡖∈ ⴔ䞡㽕԰⫼DŽ ⫼Ѣ 㒘 㺙シ 㒧 ⱘ⦄ 偠 䆩偠ˈ 㛑 կϡ ∈⌕ ӊϟ∈䕂 㛑ⱘ ˈЎ⹂ ⬉ 㒣⌢䖤㸠ǃ䋳㥋Ӭ 䜡ҹ 㒘⢊ Ẕ ㄝ կ 㗗DŽℸ∈䕂 ⥛ ⢊ 㒓ⲥ⌟ ⦄⬉キ㗗Ḍ 㒣⌢䖤㸠ⱘϔϾ䞡㽕⾥ 䇒乬DŽԚ ⥛⌟䞣Ёⱘ 䬂 ∈⌕䞣ⱘ 㒓 ⹂Ẕ⌟ˈҡ⾥ⷨ ԰㗙ⱘ䲒乬DŽ ϝ ⬉キЎњњ㾷㒘䖤㸠 䰙㗫∈⥛ ϡ ϟⱘ ⥛ˈ ⦄㡖∈ ˈ䳔㽕 27 12.4 mㅵ ∈ㅵ䘧Ёⱘ⌕䞣䖯㸠㊒⹂⌟䞣[1]DŽ✊⇨䕧䗕䖛⿟Ё䳔㽕 ㅵ ⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣DŽ㽓⇨ϰ䕧 ⿟Џ ㅵ䘧Ⳉ Ў1mˈЎњⲥ⌟䕧⇨ㅵ䘧ⱘℷ 䖤㸠 䖯㸠 ✊Փ⫼ⱘ䌌 㒧ㅫˈ䳔㽕ㅵ ✊⇨⌕䞣 ⹂⌟䞣DŽ☿⬉ ǃ 䞥ǃ ǃ ㄝ㸠Ϯ ㅵ 亢䞣ǃ⚳⇨⌕䞣⌟䞣DŽ՟ ˖☿⬉ 䫙♝ϔǃѠ⃵亢亢䞣⹂⌟䞣ˈ ⦄䜡亢 ⧚ǃ 亢ㅵ亢䗳 ˈ䖒Շぎ✸↨ǃ Շ➗⚻ ˈ 䆕䫙♝〇 ➗⚻ˈ 催䫙♝ ⥛ˈ ∵ ⠽ ⴔ䞡㽕 DŽ䖥 䍙Ј⬠ 㒘 䍙䍙Ј⬠ 㒘ⱘ 䆒ˈ 䜡亢䞣 ⹂Ẕ⌟ њ 催ⱘ㽕∖DŽ䖭Փ 亢䞣 ⹂⌟䞣 Ў䞡㽕ˈ ㋏ Ͼ⬉ ⱘ䖤㸠 㒣⌢ ⲞDŽЎ 㺙 ǃ㡖ⳕぎ䯈ˈ☿⬉ 䘡䞛⫼ ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧DŽ 䴦 ⬉ ⺼✸ ϔ⃵亢䕧䗕 ⚳⇨ 䞛⫼4.6m×4.6mⱘⶽ ㅵ䘧˗ 咘 ⬉ 䞛⫼2.8m×2mⱘⶽ ㅵ䘧DŽ 䞥 ϮЁ ㅵ ⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣г 㾕ˈ ℺䩶催♝ 亢䅵䞣ㅵ Ў2mDŽ ǃ ㄝ ϮЁг 䆌 ㉏Ԑⱘ ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣䯂乬DŽ䱣ⴔ 㓁 ⬹ 㡖㛑ǃ ㄪⱘ⏅ 䌃 ˈ㛑⑤ 䌘⑤ⱘ 催 ⫼ ЎⳂ ⱘ䞡 䳔∖ˈ ⦄ ㅵ ⌕䞣催㊒ ⌟䞣ˈ Ϯ䚼䮼 催 䖤㸠ˈ 㡖㛑䰡㗫 䞡㽕 НDŽ1.2 ⹂⌟䞣 ㅵ ⌕䞣ҡ 䆌 䲒乬䳔㽕㾷ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ҿ㸼 㛑䆘Ԅ ⊩DŽ⬅Ѣㅵ ˈ ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ҿ㸼Ẕ 㛑 偠⌟䆩ˈ ⌕䞣㺙㕂 њ䴲 催ⱘ㽕∖ˈϨ 偠䌍⫼䴲 催 DŽⳂ ˈ ∈⌕䞣 㺙㕂ⱘ ㅵ Ў3.8mˈ⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂ⱘㅵ г 䰤DŽⳂ 㾕ⶽ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂ⱘ 䘧DŽ ℸˈ 䚼 ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ҿ㸼 ⊩⫼ 㾘ⱘ⌕䞣䅵Ẕ ⊩䖯㸠䅵䞣 㛑䆘ԄDŽ⬅Ѣ⫳ѻ 㡎 ӊ䰤 ˈ Ϯ⦄ 㛑 ⌕ 偠ⱘг DŽⳂ 䆌 ㅵ ⌕䞣Ҿ㸼 㒣Ẕ Փ⫼ˈ䖭 ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 䕗 ⱘЏ㽕 ПϔDŽ ℸ䖿 䳔㽕ⷨお ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ҿ㸼 㛑䆘Ԅ ⊩DŽㅵ 䴲 ㅵ⌕⌟䞣 ⊩DŽⳂ ˈ 䘡䞛⫼䗳 ⌕䞣䅵⌟䞣 ㅵ ⌕䞣ˈ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ǃ⬉⺕⌕䞣䅵ǃ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵DŽ䖭ѯ⌕䞣䅵䳔㽕㟇 20 ㅵ 䭓 ⱘ Ⳉㅵ↉ 䆕⌕ԧ⌕ ⢊ Ў ㅵ⌕DŽ㗠 Ϯ⦄ ㅵ䏃㒧 䴲 ˈ⬅Ѣㅵ ˈぎ䯈 䰤ˈ⌕䞣䅵 Ⳉㅵ↉㒣 ϡ䎇1 ㅵ 䭓 ˈ䖰ϡ㛑⒵䎇 ㅵ⌕㽕∖DŽ⌕䞣䅵⦄ 㺙ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧 䴶䗳 Ϣ⌕䞣䅵䆒䅵 ձ ⱘ ㅵ⌕䗳 ˈ⌕ԧ⌕ 䖛⿟Ё Ԉ䱣ⴔ ⱘѠ⃵⌕⌕ ˈՓ ⌕ԧ⌕ Ϣㅵ䘧䕈㒓 ϔ ⱘ 㾦 ˈ⫮㟇 ⦄ ⌕ˈ䖭 㟈њ䕗 ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 DŽ 䰏⌕ӊ ⱘ䴲 ㅵ⌕⌕ 㾘 䖯㸠䆺㒚ⷨおˈ 䩜 ⌕ ⧚ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊩ˈ ҹ 催⌕䞣⌟䞣㊒ ˈ 㜅 Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 ϡ䎇ǃ⌕䞣⌟䞣㊒ 䖛Ԣⱘ [2]DŽㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ҿ㸼Ӭ 䆒䅵DŽ⬅Ѣㅵ ˈ⌕ ⡍⅞ˈ㊒ 䴴 㽕∖催ˈ ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ҿ㸼ⱘ䆒䅵㒧 ⌕䞣䅵ㅫ ⊩䳔㽕Ӭ DŽ 䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 䏃 㕂 Ḝǃ䍙 㛑 㺙 ǃ⌕䞣⿃ ㅫ⊩ㄝˈ 䗳ㅵӴ 䴶 ⢊ǃẔ⌟ 㕂 ⊩ǃ ḍ 䗳ㅵ 㕂 ⊩ㄝˈ Ѣ⏅ ⷨお Ӭ DŽ1.3 Џ㽕ⷨお ԰῵ 偠 ⊩ 䅵ㅫ⌕ԧ ˄CFD˅ӓⳳ 偠 ⊩ њ ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣乚 DŽ ϝ ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧∈⌕䞣䍙 ⌕䞣䅵⌟䞣䖯㸠њ῵ 偠ⷨおˈ ϝ ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧 ǃ῵ 偠ㅵ䘧䖯㸠ӓⳳⷨおˈ ∈ㅵ䘧⡍⅞㒧 䗴 ⱘ⌕ ⡍ ˈ ℸ⡍⅞⌕ ϡ 䏃 㕂 Ḝ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵䗴 ⱘ䰘 ⌟䞣䇃 DŽ 㓐 㗗㰥 ǃ⌕䗳ǃ㉫㊭ ǃ 䏃 㕂ǃ 㺙ԡ㕂ㄝ ㋴ⱘ ϟˈ 䗴 ⱘ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵䰘 ⌟䞣䇃 䖯㸠њCFDӓⳳⷨおDŽ ϝ⊇⬉ ⶽ ㅵ䘧ϔ⃵亢亢䞣⌟䞣䯂乬ˈ䖯㸠CFDӓⳳ ˈ њ⌕ ℷ㋏ K f 䗳ㅵⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣 䖯㸠 ℷDŽ 3⾡ ҷ㸼 ⱘ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵ѻ ˈ䖯㸠њ 偠⌟䆩ˈ㒧 CFDӓⳳ 偠㒧 䖯㸠њ DŽ 6⾡ϡ 䴶 ⢊ⱘ 䗳ㅵ䖯㸠њCFDӓⳳ ˈ↨䕗 䕧 ǃ㒓 䇃 ⱘ ˈЎ 䗳ㅵӬ 䆒䅵 կњ 㗗DŽϝ ⬉キ ㅵ ∈⌕䞣⌟䞣ⷨお2.1ϝ ⬉キ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵∈⌕䞣⌟䞣῵ 偠ϝ ⬉キ 㒘 㺙њ3 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ˈ䖯㸠∈䕂 ⥛⌟䞣DŽ⌕䞣䅵 ⹂ Ⳉ ㋏ ∈䕂 ⥛⌟䞣㒧 ˈ㹿 ⊯ ⊼ˈЎ䖯㸠∈䕂 㒘偠 ˈ䳔㽕 ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⹂ ӬѢf1%DŽԚϝ ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧Ⳉ 䖒12.4mˈ㗠Ⳃ ∈⌕䞣⌟䞣㺙㕂ⱘ ㅵ ҙЎ3.8mˈ ℸ ⊩⫼ 㾘ⱘ⌕䞣䅵Ẕ ⊩ ⌕䞣䅵䖯㸠䅵䞣 㛑䆘ԄDŽ ˈ 1 ⼎ˈϝ ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧 ⢊⡍⅞ˈ⌕䞣䅵 Т≵ Ⳉㅵ↉ˈ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂∈⌕ ӊ ˈ䕈 ⌕ Ϣ ⱘ␡⌕䖹 ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ԉ ⚜ⱘѠ⃵⌕ DŽ㗠䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 Ѣ ␡⌕⌕ 䖯㸠⌕䞣䅵䆒䅵 ⌕䞣䅵ㅫˈ䖭㒭⌕䞣䅵 㛑 њ ⱘϡ⹂ DŽㅵ 䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 ⑤ Ў ԩ ⌟䞣䇃 ǃ 䯈⌟䞣䇃 ⌕ 䇃 DŽ Ѣ ԩ 䯈 ˈ䗮䖛 ⌕䞣䅵 ⦄ 䞣 ˈ 䆕⌕䞣䅵 㛑DŽ ⷨお1 ⎉2 ∈ 䩶ㅵ3 ⌕䞣䅵4 ∈䕂ϝ ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧 ⢊⼎Fig. 1 S ketch of Three Gorges power station water pipe shape㸼 [3]ˈ 㽕ℷ⹂䗝⫼⌟䞣䆒 ˈ ԩ ⌟䞣䇃 ⌕䞣ⱘ䇃 ҹ 0.05%ҹ DŽ䍙 㛑 䰘䖥⌕ԧ⌕ ⭌ ǃ ῾ ⌕ ǃ⌕䗳 䴶 ㄝ⌕ Ӯ 㟈䕗 ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 DŽ⌕ 䗴 ⱘ⌕䞣䇃 ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ё ϡ ⹂ 䲒 ⱘ ㋴DŽԚℸ䇃 Ӯ䱣ⴔ⌟䞣 䏃 ⱘ 㗠 ˈḍ ⌕䘧 ⌕ ˈ ⧚䗝 䏃 㕂ˈ ⬅ℸ 䍋ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 DŽ῵ 偠 ∈ ⿟Ёⱘ䞡㽕ⷨお ⊩DŽձ ∈ ⳌԐ ⧚ˈ ǃ῵ Ў ԰ 䰏 ⱘ␡⌕ˈ 䅸Ў㞾 䙉 њ ⳌԐˈ 䆕 䞡 ⳌԐⱘ Ⳍㄝˈ 䗮䖛῵ 偠㦋 Ϣ ⳌԐⱘ⌕ԧ⌕ ⢊ DŽ 䗮䖛῵ 偠ⷨお䍙 ⌕䞣䅵⌟䞣㊒ ϝ ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧⡍⅞㒧 ⱘ DŽ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧Ⳉ 12.4m ˈ῵ ㅵ䘧Ⳉ 0.5m ˈ῵ Ϣ ⱘ ԩ↨ Ў1˖24.8DŽ῵ ⌕䞣䅵 ⌕䞣䅵 䗴ˈЎ18 䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ˈҙ 㓽㟇0.5m ˈ 2 ⼎ˈ 䏃㾦65eˈ 䞛⫼PTC18 DŽ 偠 ∈ ⌕䞣䅵䞣キ䖯㸠ˈ ⫼䴭 ⿃⊩∈⌕䞣 㺙㕂ⱘϡ⹂ Ў0.1%˄k =2˅DŽ῵ 偠 ✻⧚ ㅵ䏃 偠ǃ῵ ㅵ䏃 偠ǃ⧚ ㅵ䏃 ⌟ 偠ⱘ 乎 䖯㸠DŽ⧚ ㅵ䏃 偠 ῵ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㺙Ѣˈ Ϟ␌20D Ⳉㅵ↉ˈϟ␌10D Ⳉㅵ↉ⱘ⧚ ㅵ䏃ЁDŽ῵ ㅵ䏃 偠 Ͼ῵ ㅵ䏃І㘨 㺙㕂Ёˈ ⌕䞣䅵 ῵ ㅵ䏃 ϟⱘ䅵䞣 㛑䖯㸠⌟䆩DŽ⧚ ㅵ䏃 ⌟ ⌕䞣䅵 ⃵㺙 ⧚ ㅵ䏃Ё䖯㸠 偠DŽ 㒘 偠 䗮䖛Ϣ 㺙㕂↨䕗ˈ 偠䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ⱘ⼎ 䇃 䞡 DŽ 偠 䅵ㅫ ⊩ձ Ẕ 㾘⿟ljJJG 1030䍙 ⌕䞣䅵NJDŽ 㒘 偠 5m/s 3m/s ϸϾ⌕䗳⚍ϟ䖯㸠DŽ῵ ⌕䞣䅵Ў 䆒䅵 ˈ Ѣḋ 䰊↉ˈ ⼎ ⱘ㒱 䇃 Ѣ䖯ϔℹⷨおˈԚ䕗 ⱘ〇 DŽЎњ䙓 ⌕䞣䅵㞾䑿㔎䱋Փ 偠㒧῵ 偠Ёⱘ 䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵Fig. 2 Ultrasonic flowmeter with 18 acoustic pathin model experimentϡ㛑 ⳳ ⱘ ˈ䞛⫼ ↨⧚ ㅵ䏃Ϣ῵ ㅵ䏃 偠㒧 ⱘ ⊩ˈ䆘Ԅ῵ ㅵ䏃⡍⅞⌕ ⌕䞣䅵 㛑ⱘ DŽ῵ ㅵ䏃⡍⅞⌕ ѻ⫳ⱘ䰘 ⌟䞣䇃 E D ЎE D =E M -E P ˄1˅ ЁE M E P Ў῵ ㅵ䏃 偠 ⧚ ㅵ䏃 偠⌕䞣䅵ⱘ⼎ 䇃 DŽℸ䆘Ԅ ⊩䰸 ⫼⧚ ㅵ䏃 ⌟ ҹⲥ㾚 ˈϞ䗄 偠 䞡 䖯㸠ϸ⃵ˈϸ⃵ 偠П䯈䯈䱨њϸϾ ˈҹ㾖 偠ⱘ ⦄ DŽ偠㒧 㸼1 ⼎DŽ⬅㸼Ё 㾕ˈ4㒘 偠 њ䕗Ўϔ㟈ⱘ㒧 ˈE D Ўℷ ˈ ㅫ Ў0.30%DŽ㸼 ῵ 偠㒧偠㓪 ⌕䗳 m/s E P% E M % E D %῵ 偠1 5 -1.84 -1.58 0.25 3 -1.64 -1.35 0.30 ῵ 偠25 -1.58 -1.32 0.26 3 -1.63 -1.250.38偠㒧 E D ⱘϡ⹂ u D ЎD u ˄2˅Ёu M u P Ў῵ ㅵ䏃 ⧚ ㅵ䏃 偠⌕䞣䅵⼎ 䇃 ⱘϡ⹂ ˈЏ㽕 ⑤Ў 㺙㕂ⱘϡ⹂ ҹ ⌟䞣ⱘ䞡 DŽu S ⬅⌕䞣䅵ⱘ〇 ⱘϡ⹂ DŽ⌕䞣䅵ⱘ〇 Ўϔ⃵῵ 偠Ё⧚ ㅵ䏃 ⧚ ㅵ䏃 ⌟ⱘ ˈ Ў ˈ ℸu S ЎS u˄3˅῵ 偠ϡ⹂ 㸼2 ⼎DŽϡ⹂ 㸼Ёⱘ ˈu D =0.42%ˈk =2DŽ㸼 ῵ 偠ϡ⹂偠㓪 ⌕䗳 m/s u P % u M % u S %u D %῵ 偠1 5 0.09 0.08 0.140.183 0.05 0.14 0.050.16῵ 偠25 0.10 0.11 0.120.193 0.06 0.10 0.180.21ℸ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 ϝ ⬉キ ∈ㅵ䘧⡍⅞㒧ⱘ ˈӮѻ⫳0.3%ⱘ䰘 ⌟䞣䇃 ˈ䆹䇃 ⱘϡ⹂ Ў0.42%DŽϝ ⬉キ䘛 ⱘ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵Ẕ 䯂乬ˈ г ㅵ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 ҹ ∈⬉キ⌕䞣䅵䞣Ё 䘡 ⱘ䲒乬DŽ ῵ 偠ⱘ ⊩ ㅵ ⌕⌟䞣乚 ˈ 㾷 䆹䯂乬㸠П ⱘ ⊩ПϔDŽ2.2ϝ ⬉キ ῵ ㅵ䘧䍙 ⌕䞣䅵∈⌕䞣⌟䞣CFDӓⳳⷨお㱑✊ 偠ⷨお 㦋 Ⳉ㾖ⱘ 㒧 ˈԚг ϔ ⱘ 䰤 DŽ ˖ 偠 䲒⫼Ѣ ϡ ㅵ䏃 ⌕䞣Ҿ㸼䜡㕂㒧 Ё˗ 偠 䗳 䴶䗮 䰤Ѣ Ͼ⌟䞣 䴶 ⌟䞣 䴶 ˈ 䲒 ㅵ䘧Ё ⱘϝ㓈⌕ ˗䗮䖛 䰤ⱘ 偠ˈ ⌕ԧϢ䰏⌕ӊǃ⌕䞣䅵ⳌѦ԰⫼ⱘ ⧚ 䲒ˈ՟ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 ⌕ ⱘ ˗ 偠ϡҙ䌍 㗠Ϩ䴲 䌉ˈ ㅵ ӊϟDŽ⫼䅵ㅫ⌕ԧ ˄CFD˅∖㾷⌕ ⿟ˈ 䴲 ㅵ⌕⌕ 䖯㸠 ῵ ˈ 㦋 ㅵ䘧Ё Ͼԡ㕂ⱘ䗳 ǃ 䞣 ˈ 䖭ѯ䞣䱣 䯈 ⱘ ˈ⹂ ⓽⍵ ⡍ ㄝDŽCFDϡ ⠽⧚῵ 偠῵ 䰤 ˈ ҹ῵ ㅵ ǃ催⌕䗳ǃ催⏽ǃ催 ㄝ Ϯ⫳ѻ⦄ ⳳ ӊˈ㛑㒭 ㅵ䘧Ё ⱘϝ㓈⌕ DŽCFD ῵ ⌕ 偠ⱘ䞡㽕㸹 ˈг ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣ⷨおⱘ䞡㽕 DŽ ⫼CFDӓⳳ䕃ӊFluentˈ ϝ ⬉キ ㅵ䘧 Ϟ䗄῵ 偠ㅵ䘧䖯㸠њӓⳳ DŽӓⳳ῵ 3 ⼎DŽ ῵ 偠ㅵ䘧㗠㿔ˈϟ ㅵϟ␌ッ䴶䎱䍙 ⌕䞣䅵Ё ԡ㕂ⱘ䎱⾏Ў362mmˈ䎱䍙 ⌕䞣䅵Ϟ␌ッ䴶ⱘ䎱⾏Ў162mmDŽ ⌕䞣䅵 Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 ҙЎ0.324Dˈ≵ Ⳉㅵ↉DŽ⌕䞣䅵ӓⳳ῵ ⱘ∈䕂 ㅔ Ў ԩ ⢊ⳌԐⱘ⏤㓽ㅵ䘧ˈ㗗㰥 ⢊ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂∈⌕⌕ ⱘ DŽ䅵ㅫ䞛⫼k-¦ RNG␡⌕῵ ˈ 䆒㕂Ў䗳 ˈ 䆒Ў DŽ῵ ㅵ䘧 䴶㉫㊭ 䆒Ў0.2mmˈ ㅵ䘧 䴶㉫㊭ 䆒Ў1mmDŽ䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 䕀㾦Ў0e ⱘCFDӓⳳ㒧 㸼3 ⼎DŽ8 䏃 18 䏃 㕂ˈ 䏃㾦 Ў65eDŽ72 䏃 㗗 ˈ ҹ 䏃㾦65eⱘϸϾ36 䏃Ѹ ⌟䞣 䴶䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ⱘCFDӓⳳ⌟䞣㒧 Ў 㗗 ˈ䖯㸠䇃 䅵ㅫDŽ⧚䆎 㗗 ҹㅵ䘧 䴶⿃Ϣ⌕䗳ⱘЬ⿃Ў⌕䞣 㗗 ˈ䅵ㅫϡ 䏃ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 DŽ⬅㸼Ё 㾕ˈ18 䏃ⱘ䇃 㒱 Ѣ8 䏃DŽ ˈҹ72 䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ӓⳳ㒧 Ў 㗗 ˈ ⱘ⌟䞣䇃 㒱↨⧚䆎 㗗 ⱘ䅵ㅫ㒧 DŽ῵ ㅵ䘧 P V⌕䗳ˈㅵ Ϟⱘ䴭 Fig.3 Static pressure distribution on pipe wall as velocityof flow is 5 m/s in model pipe㸼 䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵⌕ 䰘 䇃䏃 㕂⌕䗳5 m/s ⌕䗳1 m/s72 䏃㗗⧚䆎㗗72 䏃㗗⧚䆎㗗 ῵ 偠ㅵ䘧8 䏃-0.2408-1.2976 -0.9132-2.197018 䏃0.1515-0.8541 -0.0331-1.3205ϝ ⬉キㅵ䘧8 䏃-1.4897-2.9633 -0.8754-2.234918 䏃-0.1275-1.6212 0.0434-1.3287䍙 ⌕䞣䅵⌟䞣ϝ ⬉キ⡍⅞ㅵ䘧Ёⱘ∈⌕䞣ˈѻ⫳䰘 ⌟䞣䇃 ⱘЏ㽕 ˖⌕䞣䅵 Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 ҙЎ0.324DˈϨ≵ Ⳉㅵ↉ˈ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂∈⌕⌕ 䖛Ѣ㋞хˈ⬅ 4 ⼎ⱘ⌕ 䗍㒓 㾕DŽ⬅ 5 㾕ˈ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵Ё ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟ ⱘ⓽⍵⌕ ˈ ㅵ䘧乊䚼 Ёϟ䚼 ⦄њϸ Ⳍ ⱘ⓽⍵ˈ䖭䇈 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧Ё ⱘ῾ ⌕ DŽ ˈ 䴶Ϟ䕈 䗳 ⱘ䴲䕈 ⿄ˈ 6 ⼎DŽ䖭ѯ 㟈њ䕗 ⱘ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 DŽ72 䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 ḋ ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 ˈ ℷ䋳 Ϣ8/18 䏃ⱘ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 Ⳍ ˈϔ ⿟ Ϟ ҹⳌѦ ⍜ˈ ℸҹ ⌕䞣⌟䞣 Ў 㗗 䇃 㒧 ⱘ㒱 DŽ῵ ㅵ䘧 P V ⌕䗳ˈㅵ䘧 ⌕䞣䅵ԡ㕂ⱘ⌕㒓 Fig.4 Flow line at pipe and flowmeter position as velocityof flow is 5 m/s in model pipe῵ ㅵ䘧 P V ⌕䗳ˈ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵Ё ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ ⍵⌕Fig.5 V ortex flow in cross section of pipe at the position of ultrasonic flowmeter center, as velocity of flow is 5 m/s inmodel pipe3䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㺙 ⱘCFD ӓⳳⷨお3.1䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㺙 ⱘ 䘡 ⷨお⦄⢊䗮 ⌕䞣䅵 ⫼⦄ ⱘ⌟䞣 㛑ˈϢ 偠 ⧚ ӊϟⱘẔ 㒧 ϔ 䎱DŽ Ё⌕䞣䅵 ⦄ ⱘ 㺙 㛑ⱘЏ㽕 ㋴ПϔDŽ䰸∈⬉キП ˈ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵䖬 ⊯ ⫼Ѣկ∈῵ ㅵ䘧 P V ⌕䗳ˈ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵Ё ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ䕈 䗳Fig.6 Axial flow distribution in cross section of pipe at the position of ultrasonic flowmeter center, as velocity of flow is 5m/s in model pipe⿟ǃ∈ ⧚ǃ∵∈ ㄝ Ͼ乚 ˈ䖯㸠 ⌕䞣⌟䞣DŽ 䖭ѯ乚 Ёˈ⬅Ѣ⌟䞣ㅵ䘧 䰤 ˈ Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 Ϲ䞡ϡ䎇ˈ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂ˈ⌕ԧ⌕ 䖰ϡ㛑䖒 ⢊ ˈ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㛑 㺙 ⱘ䯂乬 Ўさ DŽ㗙 䩜 䚼 Ё ㅵ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ⱘ 㺙 䖯㸠њ 偠ⷨおDŽ1999 ˈ㣅 ⿟ 偠 ˄NEL ˅[4]ˈ⫼200mm ㅵ ∈⌕䞣ㅵ䘧ˈ ǃϡ ϔ 䴶 ǃ⏤㓽ㅵǃ⏤ ㅵϟ␌ Ͼԡ㕂ⱘ䗳 䖯㸠њⷨおˈ њϡ 䍙 ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊩ⱘ DŽ2002 ˈNEL [5, 6]㒻㓁 ∈⌕䞣ㅵ䘧 150mm ㅵ ⊍⌕䞣ㅵ䘧ϡ ϔ 䴶 3 ϟ␌ⱘ䗳 䖯㸠њⷨおˈ 4⾡䍙 ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊩䖯㸠њ↨䕗DŽ2000 ˈCarlander ㄝ[7] ⷨおњ25.6mm ㅵ ǃϡ ϔ 䴶 ǃ⏤㓽ㅵ 䍙 ⊶⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊩ⱘ DŽԡ 㗙 ⫼CFD ˈ䩜 䚼 Ё ㅵ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ⱘ 㺙 䖯㸠њӓⳳⷨおDŽ1995 ˈHolm ㄝ[8]⫼CFD ǃϡ ϔ 䴶 ϟ␌20.4mm ㅵ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ⱘҾ㸼㋏ 䖯㸠њ乘⌟ˈ㒧 Ϣ 偠 䕗 ⱘϔ㟈 DŽ1999 [4]2002 [5]NEL 䖯㸠 偠ⱘ ˈ⫼CFD Ⳍ 䰏⌕ӊϟ␌ⱘ䗳 4⾡䍙 ⊶⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊩ⱘ 䖯㸠њӓⳳDŽ㒧 㸼 ˖⫼CFD ӓⳳⷨお䴲 ㅵ⌕⌕ 䍙 ⊶⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊩ⱘ ˈ䆘Ԅϡ 䏃䜡㕂 ḜⱘӬ㔎⚍ㄝ ↨䕗 ⱘDŽ 㗙⫼CFD ӓⳳ 䴲 ㅵ⌕⌕ ˈӬ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 䏃 㕂 Ḝˈ 催 ⌕ 䗖 㛑 [9-11]DŽ3.2䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㺙 ⱘCFD ӓⳳ ⊩ⷨおЎњ 催CFD ӓⳳ㊒ ˈ䗮䖛ϢNEL ⷨお [4, 5]䖯㸠↨ ˈⷨおCFD ӓⳳ ⊩DŽ NEL Ё ㅵ䏃 ゟCFD ӓⳳ῵ ˖ ㅵ䘧Ⳉ 8inch ˈ90° ↨1:1ˈϞ␌Ⳉㅵ10D ˈϟ␌Ⳉㅵ30D ˈ 7 ⼎DŽӓⳳ䖛⿟Ё䞛⫼2 m/s 䗳 ˈoutflow ˈԧ䖲 䴶 䞛⫼Interface ˈҟ䋼Ў∈ˈSIMPLEC ㅫ⊩ˈ 乍⫼Ѡ䰊⾏ Ḑ ˈ ԭ䞛⫼QUICKḐ ˈ 䴶 ⒥DŽⳈ LQFK ӓⳳ῵Fig.7 Simulation model of single bend with 8 inch diameter㔥Ḑ ˈ⬅㒓 䴶ˈ⬅䴶 ԧⱘ ⊩ 䚼㔥Ḑ DŽ Ϟϟ␌Ⳉㅵ↉ҹ ㅵ䞛⫼Āinterval count ā 㔥Ḑ 䞣ˈ⬅㒓 䴶ˈ⬅䴶 ԧˈ䞛⫼ 䴶ԧ㔥Ḑˈ ҹ 䰡Ԣ㔥Ḑ 䞣DŽ䗮䖛20 ⾡㔥Ḑ ⊩ⱘ↨䕗ˈ ⦄䖍⬠ 㔥Ḑ ⱘ ⊩ 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵⿃ 䇃 ⱘ䅵ㅫ 䕗 DŽ՟ ˈ ῵ First Row(a)/Growth Factor/Rows Ў0.012/ 1.25/ 15 First Row(a)/Growth Factor/Rows Ў0.05/ 1.2/ 10䖯㸠䖍⬠ 㔥Ḑ ˈ῵ 㔥Ḑ 㑺Ў61ϛ 49ϛDŽ ϸϾ9 䏃Ѹ ⌟䞣 䴶ⱘ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵ˈ 8 ⼎ˈ䅵ㅫ 䴴䖥ϸջⱘ1ǃ9 䏃ˈ䗳 䴶 䴴䖥ㅵ 䕗 DŽ ㅵϟ␌10D ԡ㕂ˈ 䏃㾦65e ˈ 䕀㾦0e ˈA 䴶㄀1 䏃䗳 9 ⼎DŽ䞛⫼Gauss-Jacobi ⊩ Ϟ䗄 䏃 ⱘ䍙 ⌕䞣䅵䖯㸠䅵ㅫˈ㦋 ㅵϟ␌ϡ ԡ㕂ⱘ䕈 ⿃ ⌕䞣 㸼4 ⼎ˈ⧚䆎⌕䞣 Ў0.064858557m 3/s ˈ Ⳍ ⱘ⿃ 䇃 DŽ⬅㸼 㾕ˈ61ϛ㔥Ḑ ⱘ⿃ 䇃 ↨49ϛ ˈ ҹ 㔥Ḑ 䳔㽕䞛⫼ϟ␌Ⳉㅵ䖍⬠ ⱘ ⊩DŽ⬅Ѣ䳔㽕 㛑 㔥Ḑ 䞣ˈ䖛 ⱘ䖍⬠ Ⳍ ѢⳌ 䕈 ⱘ㔥Ḑˈ ✊Ӯ 㟈㔥Ḑ䭓 ↨˄Aspect ratio ˅䖛 ˈ⫮㟇Ӯ䖒 100 ˄Fluent 㤤 5ҹϟ˅ˈ䗴 䅵ㅫϡ DŽ ˈ Ѣ 䴶 ˈ䖛 ⱘ䖍⬠ Ӯ 㟈 ⱘy+˄Fluent 㤤+12~300˅ˈ 㛑Ӯ 䅵ㅫ㒧 ⱘ㊒ DŽ䏃䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 䏃 㕂Fig.8 Arrangement of path in ultrasonic flowmeter with 18 pathsϡ 䖍⬠ 㔥Ḑ䅵ㅫ ㄀ 䏃ⱘ䗳 Fig.9 V elocity distribution in No. 1 acoustic path calculated asdifferent boundary mesh was adopted 㸼 ㅵϟ␌ϡ ԡ㕂ⱘ䕈 ⿃ ⌕䞣1D 5D 10D 20D 49ϛ㔥ḐA ⌟䞣䴶 m 3/s 0.0641004 0.0642277 0.0642600 0.0642321 B ⌟䞣䴶 m 3/s 0.0640850 0.0642224 0.0642590 0.0642316 AB m 3/s 0.064093 0.064225 0.06426 0.064232 ⿃ 䇃 % -1.18035 -0.97683 -0.92287 -0.9660461ϛ㔥ḐA ⌟䞣䴶 m 3/s 0.0649236 0.0647488 0.0647838 0.0647485B ⌟䞣䴶 m 3/s 0.0649574 0.0647669 0.0647892 0.0647489 AB m 3/s 0.064941 0.064758 0.064787 0.064749 ⿃ 䇃 %0.127112 -0.15504 -0.11033 -0.16892Ўњ䖯㸠 ⾡ϡ ㅵ䘧ⱘӓⳳ ˈ㒳ϔ㔥Ḑ ⊩ˈ 䆕㔥Ḑ䋼䞣ˈ 8 inch ㅵ䘧ⱘ61ϛ㔥Ḑ⫼Fluent Ёⱘscale 䗝乍ˈⳈ ⫼ ⱘㅵ䘧DŽЎ偠䆕䆹 ⊩ⱘ 㸠 ˈ Ⳉ Ў8m ⱘ ㅵ䘧䞡 䖯㸠㔥Ḑ ˈ 㔥Ḑ ˈ㔥Ḑ Ў340ϛDŽ㒣↨䕗ϸ⾡㔥Ḑ㒧 ⱘ䅵ㅫ㒧 ˈ ⦄ϸ⾡㔥Ḑ䅵ㅫ ⱘ䕈 ⌕䗳 䴲 ϔ㟈ˈ 10 ⼎˗Ԛ῾ 䗳 ˄ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ёⱘ⌕ ˅ˈ ϔ ⱘ ˈ 11 ⼎DŽ␡⌕῵ 䗝 䅵ㅫ㒧 䕗 ˈ䗮䖛ϢNEL կⱘLDV 偠 ↨ ˈ↨䕗њ k -¦ǃk -¦RNG ǃk -¦Realizable ǃ k -¹ǃRSM ῵ ⌕ ⱘ䅵ㅫ㊒ ˈ ⦄RSM k -¦RNG ῵ϟ␌ 'ԡ㕂ˈㅵ䘧῾ 䴶オⳈⳈ Ϟˈㅵ䘧䕈㒓 䗳Fig.10 Axial velocity distribution at vertical diameter of cross section of pipe, at position of 1D downstream the sigle bendϟ␌ 'ԡ㕂ˈㅵ䘧῾ 䴶オⳈⳈ ϞˈオⳈϞ 䗳 ⱘFig.11 V ertical velocity distribution at vertical diameter of cross section of pipe, at position of 1D downstream the sigle bendϟ␌ 'ԡ㕂ϡ ␡⌕῵ 䅵ㅫ㒧 Ϣ 偠↨ Fig.12 Compare the results of different turbulent modelfunctions with experimental data, at position of 20Ddownstream the sigle bendⱘ㒧 䕗 ˈ 12 ⼎DŽԚRSM῵ 䅵ㅫ ⱘ䗳 䴶ǃ䕈 䗳 ㄝ 㒓 ϢNELⱘ㒧 Ў 䖥DŽFluent㾷ㅫ Ё䗁ҷ ⅟ ⱘ䆒㕂 䅵ㅫ㒧 ϔ ˈԚ⅟ 䆒㕂Ў10-4 10-6㒧 ϔ㟈ˈϨ㊒ 䛑↨10-3 催 ˈ ҹ⅟ 䆒㕂Ў 10-4 DŽ3.3 䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 ⱘⷨお䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 䏃 㕂 Ḝˈ / ⌟䞣 䴶ǃ 䏃 ǃ 䏃㾦ˈ䰏⌕ӊ ˈ⌕䞣䅵 䰏⌕ӊϟ␌ⱘ 㺙ԡ㕂 䕀㾦ˈ⌕ԧ⌕ ㅵ䘧䳋䇎 ˄ ㅵ䘧Ⳉ ⌕䗳ⱘ ˅ˈㅵ䘧Ⳍ ㉫㊭ ˄ 䞣㉫㊭ k sϢㅵ Dⱘ↨ ˅ㄝ ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 DŽ㓐 㗗㰥 䖭ѯ ㋴ⱘ ˈ⹂ ϡ 䰏⌕ӊϟ␌ⱘ Շ 㺙 ˈ ⹂ ⡍ 㺙 ⱘ䰘 ⿃ 䇃 ˈϡҙ ˈ㗠Ϩ ԰䞣 DŽ ⫼Fluentⱘscale䗝乍ˈ 8 inchㅵ䘧ⱘ61ϛ㔥Ḑˈ ⫼Ѣϡ ⱘ ῵ DŽ 䞣㉫㊭ k sЎ0.01mmǃ0.1mmǃ0.5mm ϟⱘ0.1mǃ0.5mǃ1mǃ2mǃ5mǃ10mⳈ ㅵ䘧ⱘ0.05m/sǃ0.1m/sǃ0.5m/sǃ1m/sǃ5m/sǃ8m/s 䗳 ˈ䖯㸠њ⌕ 䅵ㅫˈ њϸϾ9 䏃Ѹ ⌟䞣 䴶ǃ 䏃㾦45° 65°ǃϡ 䕀㾦 㺙ԡ㕂 ϟⱘ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 DŽ䅵ㅫ㒧 䖯㸠㓐 ˈ ⦄˖ŁⳌ ㅵ䘧䳋䇎 ϟⱘ㒧 䴲 䖥˗łⳌ Ⳍ ㅵ䘧㉫㊭ ϟⱘ㒧 г 䖥˗Ń䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 䰏⌕ӊϟ␌ⱘ 㺙ԡ㕂 ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 ⱘЏ㽕 ㋴DŽ 13ǃ 14 15 ⼎DŽԚ 㽕 Ϟ䗄CFDӓⳳ㒧 䖯㸠 偠偠䆕DŽⳌ 䳋䇎 ϟⱘ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃Fig.13 Error of flow integrated at same Re numberⳌ Ⳍ ㉫㊭ ϟⱘ⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 Fig.14 Error of flow integrated at same relative roughnessnumber⌕䞣⿃ 䇃 䱣䍙 ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂ⱘ Fig.15 Error of flow integrated variation with the ultrasonicflowmeter installation position4ϝ⊇⬉ ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣CFDӓⳳⷨお4.1 ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣⦄⢊☿⬉ 䫙♝ϔǃѠ⃵亢亢䞣 ⹂⌟䞣ˈ䴲 䞡㽕ˈ ㋏ Ͼ⬉ ⱘ䖤㸠 㒣⌢ ⲞDŽ☿⬉ 䘡䞛⫼ ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧DŽ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵 ǃ 㺙 ǃ㒧 ㅔ ǃ Ԣㄝ⣀⡍Ӭ⚍ˈⳂ 㹿 ⊯⫼Ѣ ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣[12~15]DŽⶽ ㅵ䘧Ё⇨ԧ⌕ ⱘ䗳 ㄝ䗳㒓Ϣ ㅵЁⱘ ㄝ䗳㒓 DŽϡ ⱘⶽ ㅵ䘧 䴶䭓 ↨ϡ 㗠ϡ ԩⳌԐ DŽⶽ ㅵ䘧䗳 ㄝ䗳㒓䱣ⶽ 䴶䭓 ↨ⱘ 㗠 DŽⶽ ㅵ䘧Ё䖬 Ѡ⃵⌕⌕ [16~19]DŽⳂ ˈ Ѣⶽ ㅵ䘧 ㅵ⌕䗳 ˈⷨお 䗳ㅵẔ⌟ 㕂 ⊩ⱘⷨお ԰ 㾕 ⤂ 䘧DŽ㒣䖛Ӭ 䆒䅵㦋 㕂 ⧚Ẕ⌟ ˈ↣ḍ 䗳ㅵ ⌟ Ⳉ㒓ⱘ ⌕䗳DŽⶽ ㅵ䘧ⱘ ϔ῾ 䴶Ϟˈ ḍ 䗳ㅵˈ 催 䴶⌕䗳 ⱘ⌟䞣 䕼⥛ˈ 催⌕䞣⌟䞣㊒ DŽ㫵 [13] ↉⊝ [14]ḍ 䗳 -䴶⿃⊩⌕䞣㺙㕂Ẕ 㾘⿟[20]Ёˈ Ѣ ㅵ⌕ⱘ - ↨䲾 ⊩ⶽ ㅵ䘧 Ͼ⌟䞣⚍ 㕂 ⊩ˈ 㕂 ḍ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣Ӵ DŽԚ䆹 ⊩䳔㽕㟇 㕂5ḍ 䗳ㅵˈ ⫼ 䕗 䰤 DŽⳂ ˈ䩜 ⶽ ㅵ䘧 ㅵ⌕ⷨお ḍ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣Ӵ 㕂 ⊩ⱘ ⤂䌘 䴲 Уˈҡ䳔㽕 䞣⏅ ⱘⷨお ԰DŽ䗳ㅵ⌕䞣Ӵ 䳔㽕㟇 20 ㅵ 䭓 ⱘ Ⳉㅵ↉ 䆕⌕ԧ⌕ ⢊ Ў ㅵ⌕DŽ㗠 Ϯ⦄ ㅵ䏃㒧 䴲 ˈ⬅Ѣㅵ ǃぎ䯈 䰤ˈ⌕䞣䅵 Ⳉㅵ↉㒣 ҙ 1 ㅵ 䭓 ˈ䖰ϡ㛑⒵䎇 ㅵ⌕㽕∖DŽ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧 䴶䗳 Ϣ⌕䞣䅵䆒䅵 ձ ⱘ ㅵ⌕䗳 ˈ⌕ԧ⌕ 䖛⿟Ё Ԉ䱣ⴔ ⱘѠ⃵⌕⌕ ˈՓ ⌕ԧ⌕ Ϣㅵ䘧䕈㒓 ϔ ⱘ 㾦 ˈ⫮㟇 ⦄ ⌕ˈ䖭 㟈њ䕗 ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 ˈ ⌕䞣䅵⫮㟇 ⊩ℷ ԰DŽ ˈ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧 䴶䗳 ⦄ 䴲 ⱘ䴲 ⿄⡍ DŽ՟ ˖⇨ԧ ㅵ䘧Ё⌕ ˈ ⾏ ˈ 䚼 ⇨ԧ䲚ЁѢㅵ䘧 ջ ˈ ℸ ϟ␌ⱘⶽ ㅵ䘧Ёˈ ջ ⱘㅵ䘧䚼 ⇨ԧ⌕䗳 催DŽ䆺㒚ⷨお 䰏⌕ӊ ⱘ䴲 ㅵ⌕⌕ 㾘 ˈ 䩜 ⌕ ⧚ⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⊩ˈ ҹ 催⌕䞣⌟䞣㊒ ˈ 㜅 Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 ϡ䎇ǃ⌕䞣⌟䞣㊒ 䖛Ԣⱘ [2, 21, 22]DŽ ⶽ ㅵ䘧 䴶䗳 䴲 ⿄ⱘ ϟˈ 䗳ㅵẔ⌟ 㕂 ⊩ˈ ḍ 䗳ㅵ˄ϔ㠀2~4ḍ˅ⱘԡ㕂 㕂 ⊩ 䕧 ⱘ ⧚ ⊩ˈ ⌕䞣⌟䞣㊒ 㨫 DŽⳂ ˈ䩜 ⶽ ㅵ䘧䴲 ⿄⌕䗳 ˈ 䗳ㅵⳌ ⷨお ԰ⱘ 㾕 ⤂ 䘧DŽ䗳ㅵ⌕䞣Ӵ Ѣ䴲 㡖⌕ӊˈ 乏䗤 Ẕ DŽⳂ ˈ 㾕ⶽ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂ⱘ 䘧˗ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂ⱘㅵ г 䰤DŽ⬅Ѣ Ϯ⦄ ⶽ ㅵ䘧ⱘㅵ 䗮 1mҹϞˈⳂ 䚼 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵 㒣Ẕ Փ⫼ˈ ѯ 亢⋲Ё䖯㸠⌟䆩DŽ亢⋲Ёⱘ⇨ԧ⌕ ЎⳈ ⌕ˈ῾ 䴶Ϟ ⚍ⱘ⌕䗳Ⳍ ˈϢ Ϯ⦄ ⶽ ㅵ䘧ⱘ⌕ 䕗 DŽ ⷨお㸼 ˈ亢⋲⌟䆩ⱘ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣㋏ Ϣ ㅵ␡⌕ ϟⳌ 10%ҹϞ[23]DŽ䖭 ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 䕗 ⱘЏ㽕 ПϔDŽ䗳 -䴶⿃⊩ ⫼Ѣ⌕䞣䅵⦄ 偠ˈԚ⬅Ѣ䕗Ў㐕⧤ϡ ⫼Ѣ⌕䞣䅵⫳ѻ⌕⿟ ϮẔ [23]DŽ ˈ䗳 -䴶⿃⊩ⱘ⌟䞣㊒ ⌕ Ё ⍵ǃѠ⃵⌕ⱘ Ϲ䞡[24]DŽ ℸ䖿 䳔㽕ⷨお ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧⌕䞣䅵 㛑䆘Ԅ ⊩DŽ㓐Ϟ 䗄ˈ ㋏ Ϯ⫳ѻ䚼䮼 催 䖤㸠ǃ 㡖㛑䰡㗫ⱘ ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣催㊒ ⌟䞣ⷨおˈ 䞡㽕㒣⌢Ӌ ⼒Ӯ ⲞDŽⶽ ㅵ䘧⌕䗳 ⱘ⡍⅞ ˈ⌕䞣Ӵ Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 Ϲ䞡ϡ䎇ˈ㹿⌟⌕ԧ Ѣ䴲 ㅵ⌕⢊ ˈ ⌕䞣⌟䞣䇃 䕗 ⫮㟇Ҿ㸼 ⊩ℷ ԰ⱘḍ DŽⳂ ˈ ㅵ ⶽ ㅵ䘧⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣 䗳ㅵӴ Ẕ⌟ 㕂 ⊩ǃ ḍ 䗳ㅵ 㕂 ⊩ǃ⌕䞣䅵 㛑䆘Ԅ ⊩ѳ ⷨおDŽ4.2ϝ⊇⬉ ϔ⃵亢䞣⌟䞣CFDӓⳳⷨお4.2.1ⷨお䩜 ⱘ ӊ⛁亢ǃ 亢ㅵ䘧ⱘ䋼䞣⌕䞣Ⳍ ˈ 䆒 Ў30.6 t/hˈ⏋ 亢䞣Ў61.2 t/hDŽ⛁亢䇗䮼 16⼎ⱘ乎 䇗㡖 ˈ䇗㡖 DŽ ⬹ 亢ㅵ䘧䇗䮼ⱘ ˈ䅸Ў 䰏⹡⠽ⱘ ぎㅵ䘧DŽ Ⳉ ϟⱘ900mm×1000mm ⶽ ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟˈ3ḍ 䗳ㅵ⊓1000mm ⱘ䖍䭓 㕂ˈ 17 ⼎DŽ⦄ 㺙ⱘDeltaflow 䗳ㅵ ㅵ䘧 ⱘ䭓 Ў900mm ˈ ǃ䴭 Ў5 ˈ 㒓 - 㾘 ˈ⌟ Ⳉ 8mm ˈẔ⌟ Ў㧅 ˈ䖢亢 42mm DŽ↣ḍ 䗳ㅵ ⣀䕧 ϔϾ Ƹp ˈ㒣 䗕 Ẕ⌟ 䗕 PLCЁ䖯㸠⌕䞣䅵ㅫDŽ亢䮼乎 䩜 䕀乎 ԰Fig.16 Operation mode of double wind gate turn clockwise andopen in the same direction䗳ㅵ 㺙ԡ㕂 ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ 㕂 Fig.17 Installation position and arrangement of Averaging PitotTube Flowmeter at the cross section of pipe↣ḍ 䗳ㅵ 㺙 Ⳉ㒓ⱘ㒓 ⌕䗳i uЎ˖(4)Ё˖i u Ў 䗳ㅵ 㺙 Ⳉ㒓Ϟ ⌕䗳ˈm/s ˗K Ў 䗳ㅵⱘ⌕䞣㋏ ˗Ƹp 䗳ㅵ䕧 ⱘ ˈPa ˗g 䞡 䗳 ˗U ㅵ䘧Ё⌕ԧⱘ ˈkg/m 3˗ⶽ ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ ⌕䗳u Ў3ḍ 䗳ㅵ 㺙ԡ㕂㒓 ⌕䗳㓐 䋵⤂ⱘ㒧 ˖112233u w u w u w u (5)Ё˖u Ўⶽ ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ ⌕䗳ˈm/s ˗w 1~w 3 Ў3ḍ 䗳ㅵ㒓 ⌕䗳䋵⤂ ⱘ㋏ ˗13~u u Ў3ḍ 䗳ㅵⱘ㒓 ⌕䗳ˈm/s ˗ㅵ䘧Ёⱘԧ⿃⌕䞣Ўv q Au (6) Ё˖A Ўⶽ ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶䴶⿃DŽㅵ䘧Ёⱘ䋼䞣⌕䞣m q Au U(7)4.2.2ϔ⃵亢亢䞣⌟䞣ㅵ䘧ϝ㓈ӓⳳ῵ḍ ϡ ㅵ䘧㒧 ぎ⇨⌕ ⢊ ⿟ ⱘ 亢䞣⌟䞣ⱘ䳔㽕ˈ ゟњϔ⃵亢亢䞣⌟䞣ㅵ䘧ϝ㓈ӓⳳ῵ ˈ 18 ⼎ˈ Ёㆁ 㸼⼎亢ⱘ⌕ DŽ⬅ 㾕㒣䖛 ⌕ ⱘ90° П ˈ Ⳉ ϟⱘ900mm×1000mm ⶽ ㅵ䘧Ё亢䗳 ϡ ˈϨ䱣催 ˈ亢䗳 г ⫳DŽϔ⃵亢䞣⌟䞣ㅵ䘧ϝ㓈ӓⳳ῵ Fig.18 3D simulation model of first time air flowmeasurement pipe4.2.3 䗳ㅵ 㺙ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟ䗳䆒㕂⛁亢ǃ 亢⏋ 亢䞣Ў61.2 t/hˈ䖯㸠CFDӓⳳⷨおDŽ㒧 㸼 䗳ㅵ 㺙ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ䗳 ǃ ϡ ˈϢ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵䆒䅵 ձ ⱘ ␡⌕ ϟⱘ䗳 䕗 䎱˗ϡ ⛁亢䇗䮼 ϟ῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ䗳 ǃ 䴲 ˈ 19ǃ 20 ⼎DŽ4.2.4ḍ CFDӓⳳ㒧 䅵ㅫㅵ䘧䋼䞣⌕䞣ḍ 17 ⼎ⱘ 䗳ㅵ 㺙ԡ㕂ˈ⫼CFDӓⳳ ⱘ 䗳ㅵ Ⳉ㒓ⱘ ˈ 3ḍ 䗳ㅵ 䕧 ⱘ Ƹpˈḍ ˄4˅ 䅵ㅫ↣ḍ 䗳ㅵ Ⳉ㒓ⱘ㒓 ⌕䗳iuDŽ䅵ㅫЁg 10ˈぎ⇨ U 1.225 kg/m3ˈ䅵ㅫЁK Ў0.9DŽ亢䮼乎 䩜 䕀 °˄亢䮼 ˅Fig.19 As wind gate turn clockwise 54 degree(60% of the wind gate is open)⊓ㅵ䘧䕈㒓 Ⳉ ϟⱘ亢䗳亢䮼乎 䩜 䕀 °乎 ˄亢䮼 ˅ Fig.20 As wind gate turn clockwise 90 degree(100%l of the wind gate is open)ḍ ˄5˅ 䅵ㅫㅵ䘧῾ 䴶Ϟⱘ ⌕䗳uDŽ⬅Ѣϡ⏙Ἦ⦄ PLC ԩḍ 3ḍ 䗳ㅵ䕧 ⱘ p'䅵ㅫ⌕䞣ˈ䅵ㅫЁ㸼 3ḍ 䗳ㅵ㒓 ⌕䗳䋵⤂ ⱘ㋏ w1~w3 Ў1/3ˈ 䋵⤂Ⳍ DŽḍ ˄7˅ 䅵ㅫㅵ䘧䋼䞣⌕䞣q mˈ䅵ㅫЁA 0.9 m2DŽq m䅵ㅫ 䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 ⱘ㾘 21 ⼎DŽ 㾘 Ϣ 偠 “ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣⌟䞣 䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 ⱘ 㒓”䕗Ў 䖥ˈ 22 ⼎DŽ㗠CFDӓⳳ䖛⿟Ёˈϡ ⛁亢䇗䮼 ⢊ ϟ䆒㕂ⱘ⛁亢ǃ 亢⏋ 亢䞣 Ў61.2 t/hDŽ ⛁亢ǃ 亢⏋ ⌕䞣䆒 Ў 61.2 t/h ⱘ ϟˈ䱣ⴔ⛁亢䇗䮼 ˈḍ 䗳ㅵ 㺙 Ⳉ㒓ⱘ 䗳ㅵ 䅵ㅫ ⱘ⌕䞣q m ⫳њ DŽM a s s F l o w (t /h )Hot air %q m 䅵ㅫ 䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 ⱘ㾘 Fig.21 The law of calculated q m variation along with thehot air gate opening degreeHot air %ϡ ϔ⃵亢 ㅵ 亢䞣⌟䞣䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 ⱘFig.22 V ariation of air flow along with the hot air gate opening degree measured at different first time air fan scoop pipeopening degree䗴 Ϟ䗄 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣⌟䞣 䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 ⱘЏ㽕 ˖ 䗳ㅵ 㺙ԡ㕂ㅵ䘧 䴶Ϟ亢䗳 䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 Ӯ ⫳ ˗Ϩ 㾘 Ϣ ␡⌕ ϟⱘ⧚ 䗳 䕗 䎱DŽ ℸ䳔㽕 ⌕ ℷ㋏ K f 䗳ㅵ⌟ ⱘ⌕䞣 q m 䖯㸠 ℷˈҢ㗠 ⳳ ⱘ⌕䞣 q ma ˈq ma =K f h q m DŽ⌕ ℷ㋏ K f 䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 ⱘ 㾘 23 ⼎DŽ⫼ 23Ё Ѣ 䗳ㅵ ⱘ⌕ ℷ㋏ K f ˄ ⚍ 㒓˅ˈ 22Ёϔ⃵亢 ㅵ Ў50%ǃ65% ϡ ⛁亢䇗䮼 ⢊ ϟ 䗳ㅵ⌟ ⱘ⌕䞣 䖯㸠 ℷˈ㒧 24ǃ 25 ⼎DŽ⬅ 㾕 ⫼⌕ ℷ㋏ ℷ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⱘ䍟 ℷ⹂ⱘˈ ℷⱘ 䴲 ˈԚⳂ ϡ㛑 ℷ⬅Ѣ⛁亢䇗䮼 䍋ⱘ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣⌟䞣 䇃 DŽ 䗮䖛㊒㒚ⱘCFD ӓⳳⷨおˈ ҹ⹂ ϡ ⛁亢䇗䮼 ϟ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣⌟䞣 ⱘ⌕ ℷ㋏ K f ˗ ⦄ ⛁亢䇗䮼 ⶹⱘ ϟˈ ҹ ⫼ 䗖ⱘ⌕ ℷ㋏ K f 䗳ㅵⱘ⌕䞣⌟䞣 䖯㸠 ℷˈҢ㗠 䰙 ⹂⌕䞣 DŽF l o w F i e l d c o r r e c t f a c to r K fHot air %⌕ ℷ㋏ K f 䱣⛁亢䇗䮼 ⱘ Fig.23 Flow fields correction coefficient variation along with theHot air %ϔ⃵亢 ㅵ Ў ⱘ ℷ Fig.24 Effection of correction as first time air fan scoop pipe()Hot air %ϔ⃵亢 ㅵ Ў ⱘ ℷ Fig.25 Effection of correction as first time air fan scoop pipeopening degree is 65%5 䗳ㅵ 㛑 偠ⷨお䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵 㒧 ㅔ ǃ䞡䞣 ǃ⌕䞣䗖 㣗 ǃ㡖㛑 㨫ǃ䭓 〇 ㄝӬ⚍ˈ㹿 ⊯ ⫼Ѣ ㅵ ⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣ˈ ⬉ ǃ 䞥ǃ⷇ ㄝ㸠ϮDN200mmҹϞ ㅵ ⱘ ⲥ ㋏㒳Ёˈ 㹿԰Ў佪䗝Ҿ㸼DŽ 䗳ㅵ 䴶 ⢊ǃ ԡ㕂Ϣ 䞣ǃ Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 ㄝⱘⷨお[22, 25-30]ˈ Ⳃ ⌕䞣⌟䞣ⷨおⱘ⛁⚍ПϔDŽ ㅵ ⇨ԧ⌕䞣⌟䞣⦄ ˈㅵ䘧 ⢊ ˈ≵ 䎇 䭓ⱘ Ⳉㅵ↉ˈϡ㛑⒵䎇 ㅵ␡⌕ⱘ ӊDŽ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵䗮䖛⌟䞣ㅵ䘧Ё ⚍ⱘ⌕䗳 ㅫ⌕䞣ˈ䴲 ␡⌕⌕ Ⳉ ⌕䞣⌟䞣㊒ [31-33]DŽ䡈Ѣℸˈ 3⾡ϡ 䴶 ⢊ⱘ 䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵ѻ ˈ ⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂 ㅵ⌕Ёⱘ 㛑䖯㸠 ⌕ 偠ⷨおˈЎ 䗳ㅵӬ 䆒䅵 կ 㗗DŽ5.1 偠 Ḝ䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵ⱘ 䴶 ⢊ 㛑 [25-27]ˈ 偠䗝⫼3⾡ ҷ㸼 ⱘѻ ˈ 䴶 ⢊ 26 ⼎DŽㅵ䘧 ЎDN200mmDŽ㧅 ǃDelta 䗳ㅵ Ўϸ ˈ 䗳ㅵ Ў3 ˈ 㕂 䞛⫼ ↨䲾 - ⊩DŽ⌟䞣 䗳ㅵ ⱘ 䗕 䞣⿟Ў0~500 Paˈ㊒ Ўf(b) Delta(c)⾡ 䗳ㅵѻ ⱘ 䴶 ⢊⼎Fig.26 Cross section sketch of 3 kind of Averaging Pitot TubeFlowmeter productҹ⍵㸫⌕䞣䅵Ў 㸼ⱘ 㸼⊩⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂㒧 27˄a˅ ⼎ˈ㹿Ẕ㸼ㅵ䘧ЎDN200mmˈ 㸼ㅵ䘧ЎDN100mmˈ⌕䗳ԢѢ35 m/s 㸼㒓 Ўf1.0%ˈ催Ѣ35 m/s 㒓 Ў1.5%ˈ㹿Ẕ㸼 Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 Ў7.5Dˈ Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 Ў5DDŽ䋳 ⊩䷇䗳 㺙㕂㒧 27˄b˅ ⼎ˈ 㸼Ў䷇䗳 ˈ㺙㕂㊒ Ўf0.5%ˈ㹿Ẕ㸼 Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 Ў20Dˈ Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 Ў11DDŽ(a)㸼⊩⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂(b) ䷇䗳 ⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂偠㺙㕂⼎Fig.27 Sketch of experiment facility↣ϾẔ ⚍ⱘ Ҿ㸼㋏ K iЎ˖11ni ijjK Kn¦(8) ↣ϾẔ ⚍ⱘ䞡riEЎ˖122111100%1nr ij iijiE K KK nªºu«»¬¼¦ (9) 䗳ㅵⱘҾ㸼㋏ KЎ˖max min2i iK KK(10) 䗳ㅵⱘ㒓 E LЎ˖max minmax min100%i iLi iK KEK Ku(11)ЁˈnЎ↣Ͼ⌕䞣⚍ⱘẔ ⃵ ˈ n=3˗K ijЎ㄀iϾ⌕䞣⚍㄀j⃵⌟䞣㦋 ⱘҾ㸼㋏ ˗ maxiKЎ Ẕ ⚍㋏ K iЁⱘ ˗ miniKЎ ⚍㋏ Ki Ёⱘ DŽ5.2㒧 Ϣ28Ў3⾡ 䴶 ⢊ 䗳ㅵ 㸼⊩⇨ԧ⌕䞣 㺙㕂Ϟⱘ 偠㒧 DŽ⬅ 㾕ˈ ⌕䞣⚍ˈ 䗳ㅵҾ㸼㋏ 䖰催Ѣ ϸ⾡ˈ 䕧 ˈdelta 䗳ㅵ⃵Пˈ㧅 DŽ ԢѢ䳋䇎 7.3h104˄⌕䗳5.5 m/s˅ ˈ3⾡ 䗳ㅵҾ㸼㋏ 䛑䱣䳋䇎 㗠 ˈ ⥛䱣䳋䇎 㗠䰡Ԣ˗催Ѣℸ ˈ䱣䳋䇎 Ҿ㸼㋏ 䍟Ѣϔ ∈ Ⳉ㒓DŽ3⾡ 䗳ㅵⱘҾ㸼㋏ 㒓 㸼5 ⼎DŽҾ㸼㋏䳋䇎䞡䳋䇎28 㸼⊩⇨ԧ⌕䞣㺙㕂 偠㒧 Fig.28 Results of experiment at master metermethod gas flow facility 㸼 䗳ㅵ 㛑 ↨㺙㕂 䗳ㅵ䚼⌕䗳⚍ Ѣ ⬠⚍* ⌕䗳⚍Ҿ㸼㋏㒓 /%Ҿ㸼㋏㒓 /%⇨㺙㕂㧅0.47317 37.23 0.64484 0.69 Delta 0.510775 34.78 0.67991 1.250.628855 37.02 0.85716 0.53 ䷇䗳㧅0.56402 10.57 0.6218 0.30⫼CFD ӓⳳ 䗳ㅵ ǃ 䚼⌕29 ⼎DŽ⬅ 29 㾕ˈㅵ䘧Ё⌕䗳ϡ ˈ⌕䗳 Џ㽕 䴭 ϔջDŽҢ 29 (a)ǃ(c) ⳟ ˈ⌕䗳䍞 䴭 ջ⓽⍵䍞 ǃ 㣗 г䍞 DŽ⬅ 29 (b)ǃ(d) 㾕ˈㅵ䘧Ё ⌕䗳Ў1.2m/s Ϣ12m/s ˈ⓽⍵ ⌕ 䗳 Ў0.1m/s Ϣ3m/s ˈ Ў ⌕䗳ⱘ6.7%Ϣ25%DŽ⬅ℸ 㾕ˈ⌕䗳䍞 ˈ䴭 ջ ⱘ⓽⍵ г䍞 ˈӮ ⱘ 䗳ㅵ䴭 ⒲ℶˈ䗴 䴭 Ϟ DŽҢ㗠 ǃ䴭 ⱘ 䰡Ԣˈ 䗳ㅵҾ㸼㋏ Ϣ ⱘ ḍ ↨ˈ ℸˈ䱣ⴔ䳋䇎 ˄⌕䗳˅ ˈҾ㸼㋏ ⱘ䍟 DŽ⬅ 28˄b ˅ 㾕ˈ3⾡ 䗳ㅵⱘ䞡 ӬѢ1.5%ˈ 䳋䇎 Ѣ7.3h 104 ˈ 䗳ㅵ䞡 ӬѢ0.5%ˈ㧅 ǃdelta 䗳XY-0.0100.010.020.03-0.010.01X(c) 12 m/s䗍㒓Y(d) 12 m/s 䗳 ㄝ 㒓 䗳ㅵ⌕ ӓⳳFig.29 Simulation and analyzation of Averaging Pitot TubeFlowmeter flow fieldsㅵ䞡 䛑ӬѢ1.0%DŽ⊼˖* ⇨Ϣ䷇䗳 㺙㕂 ⬠⚍ Ў5.5 m/s DŽЎњẔ偠 Ⳉㅵ↉䭓 䗳ㅵ 㛑ⱘ ˈ ䷇䗳 ⇨㺙㕂Ϟ 㧅 䗳ㅵ䖯㸠њ 偠⌟䆩ˈ㒧 30 㸼5 ⼎DŽ ϸ⾡㺙㕂Ϟˈ㧅 䗳ㅵⱘҾ㸼㋏ 䍟 ϔ㟈ˈԚ Ⳉㅵ↉ 䭓 ˈ㒓 㣗 ˈ ⌕ 䖥 ␡⌕DŽ⚍㋏⌕䗳P V㧅 䗳ㅵⱘ䷇䗳 Ϣ 㸼⊩⇨ԧ⌕䞣㺙㕂偠 ↨Fig.30 Results comparation of diamond Averaging Pitot Tube Flowmeter experiment at sonic nozzle facility and mastermetermethod gas flow facility6ϡ 䴶 ⢊ 䗳 㛑ⱘCFD ӓⳳ䗳ㅵ⌕䞣䅵Ẕ⌟ 䴶 ⢊ˈ 䕧 ⱘ ǃҾ㸼㋏ ǃ㒓 ǃ䞡 ㄝ 㛑 㨫 ˈ Ⳃ ⷨおⱘ⛁⚍DŽ ⫼CFD ӓⳳˈ 6⾡ϡ 䴶 ⢊ⱘ 䗳ㅵ䖯㸠њ ↨䕗DŽ6.1ϡ ⱘ 䗳ㅵ 䴶 ⢊ 6⾡ϡ ⱘ 䗳ㅵẔ⌟ ῾ 䴶 ⢊ 31 ⼎DŽ 䗳ㅵ ⱘ ˈ㾚Ẕ⌟ ⱘⳈ 㗠 ˈԚЎњ䰆ℶ㹿⌕ԧЁ ⠽ ˈ ϡ ˈϔ㠀 Ϯ ⫼ˈ ϡ Ѣ2mm DŽ ↨䲾 ⊩ Ẕ⌟ Ϟ 㕂ϸ DŽⳂ 㾕 ⤂ Ẕ⌟ 㜨 ⢊ ⷨおˈ 䘡䅸 Ў 䗳ㅵ 㛑 ϡ ˈԚ Ẕ⌟ Ⳉ 䆒䅵 䰤 ˈ г 㛑 DŽ 㒳ϔ䆒䅵Ў3mm Ⳉ ⱘ DŽẔ⌟ 䖢⌕䴶 䕧 ⱘ 䕗 ˈЎњՓ 㛑 ˈ䰡ԢẔ⌟䲒 ˈ 㗗㰥 㺙 Ẕ⌟ ㅵ䘧Ё⌕ ⱘ ϟˈ 㛑 䕗 䖢⌕䴶 DŽ 㒳ϔ䆒䅵Ẕ⌟ Ⳉ Ў8mm ˈ䞡⚍ 䴶 䕂 䕧 ǃ㒓 ⱘ DŽ6.2ϡ 䴶 ⢊ 䗳ㅵⱘ 㛑⫼CFD ӓⳳ ⫼䕃ӊFluent ˈҹ ⢊ ϟぎ⇨Ў㹿⌟ҟ䋼ˈ Ϟ䗄6⾡ 䴶Ẕ⌟ 䗳ㅵⱘ 㛑䖯㸠 ˈ㒧 32 ⼎DŽ ⌕㗐III ǃ ⌕㗐II ǃ ⌕㗐I ǃễ ǃ ǃ 䗳ㅵⱘ㒓 Ў0.4449%ǃ0.2917%ǃ0.5096%ǃ0.4451%ǃ0.5033%ǃ0.7786%DŽ⬅ 㾕 ⌕㗐III 䕧 ⱘ ˈ 䴶 DŽ ⌕㗐II ⱘ㒓 ˈЎ0.2917%ˈ 䴶ˈЎ0.7786%ˈ 4⾡ 䕗 䖥ˈ 0.5%䰘䖥DŽ7㒧 䇁ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣ⱘ ⹂ 䴴ˈ ϝ ⿟ǃ㽓⇨ϰ䕧 ⿟ㄝ䆌 ㋏ 䅵⇥⫳ⱘ䞡 ⿟ˈҹ ⬉ ǃ 䞥ǃ ǃ ㄝ䞡㽕 Ϯ㸠Ϯˈ ⴔ䞡㽕 DŽ⬅Ѣㅵ ˈぎ䯈 䰤ˈㅵ䏃㒧 ˈ↣Ͼ ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣Ḝ՟ˈ ㅵ䏃㒧 㞾䑿ⱘ⡍⅞ ˈ⌕䞣䅵 㺙ԡ㕂⌕ԧ⌕ 㾘 ϡⳌ DŽ ⦄ ㅵ ⌕䞣 ⹂⌟䞣ˈ䳔㽕⌕䞣䅵⫳ѻ ǃ⾥ⷨ䰶 ǃՓ⫼ ԡ ԰ˈḍ ԧⱘ ㅵ ⌕䞣⌟䞣䯂乬ϾḜ䖯㸠 䩜 ⱘ ǃ䆒䅵ˈ կ ⧚ 㸠ⱘ⌟䞣 ḜDŽ䗳ㅵ 䴶 ⢊2䗳ㅵ 䴶 ⢊ễ 䗳ㅵ 䴶⌕㗐I䗳ㅵ 䴶 ⢊⌕㗐II䗳ㅵ 䴶 ⢊⌕㗐III 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