LEAKSHOOTER(莱克舒特)应用行业及相关功能

LOW ENERGY SWITCHINGGeneral Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy Switching2 Honeywell Sensing and Controle of ContentsPageINTRODUCTION (3)LOW ENERGY SWITCHING (3)MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE (4)Plunger Movement Characteristics (4)Plunger Force vs. Plunger Position................................................................. 5 Circuit Terminology (5)ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE (6)Insulation Resistance..................................................................................... 6 Dielectric Strength......................................................................................... 6 Switch Resistance......................................................................................... 6 Contact Resistance....................................................................................... 7 Load Resistance........................................................................................... 7 Measurement of Switch Resistance................................................................ 7 Switch Resistance in Application................................................................... 8 Role of Contamination in Switch Resistance................................................... 9 Common Contact Materials..........................................................................10 Common Contact Configurations...................................................................11 Switch Life (12)GENERAL APPLICATION GUIDELINES .....................................................13 Storage, Installation, and Maintenance...........................................................13 Design..........................................................................................................14 Environment.. (15)SUMMARY (15)General Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy SwitchingFor application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and Control 3INTRODUCTIONIn today’s age of low energy control, electromechanical switches are more frequently interfacing directly with computers and other low energy driven hardware. Switching low energy loads presents a unique challenge as compared to switching higher energy loads and at times requires an alternative switch design.The purpose of this bulletin is to provide general information about mechanical and electrical performance of electromechanical switches, along with application guidelines for using electromechanical switches in low energy applications.LOW ENERGY SWITCHINGLow energy switching can be described as using a switch to control any component(s) of a circuit where the load that the contacts will switch will not cause an arc to form between the contacts. Common names for these types of circuits are thermocouple load, dry circuit, logic level, etc.The primary concern in the area of low energy switching is contact contamination. Since low energy loads do not arc or burn the contact surface, they also do not arc or burn off the contaminants that may reside on the contact surface. These contaminants may cause erratic switch resistance and can stop current flow. Pay special attention to the General Application Guidelines if the switch is to be used in a low energy application.General Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy Switching4 For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and ControlMECHANICAL PERFORMANCEPlunger Movement Characteristics of a Basic SwitchFree Position: Switch plunger is fully released and common contact is against normally closed contact.Pretravel: Distance from free position to operating point.Operating Point: Common contact transfers from normally closed contact to normally open contact.Overtravel : Distance plunger travels past operating point.Full Overtravel Point : Point at which further plunger depression is prevented by switch mechanism.Release Point: Common contact transfers from normally open contact to normally closed contact.Differential Travel: Distance between operating point and release point.Operating Force: Force required to depress switch plunger to operating point.Full Overtravel Force: Force required to depress switch plunger to full overtravel point.Release force: Force required to allow the plunger to return to release point.The movement of the switch plunger from the free position through the release point is considered one cycle of switch operation.General Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy SwitchingFor application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and Control 5Plunger Force vs. Plunger PositionThe graph at the right represents the relationship between plunger travel and plunger force and is of interest when the mechanism used to operate the switch is a force-sensitive device such as a dead weight, a thermostatic bimetal or a gas-filled bellows.For data on a specific switch type, contact the- MICRO SWITCH Application Center at 1-800-537-6945.Circuitry TerminologyPole : The number of completely separate circuits that can pass through the switch at one time.Throw: The number of different circuits that each pole can control.Break: The number of pairs of separated contacts the switch introduces into each circuit it opens.General Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy Switching6 For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and ControlELECTRICAL PERFORMANCEInsulation Resistance Applied voltage divided by the current is the electrical resistance of the insulation. For new switches at commonly used voltages, insulation resistance usually exceeds 100,000 megohms between non-connected terminals and between terminals and switch housing. The voltage does put an electrical stress on the material but does not damage it unless the potential exceeds the dielectric strength of the switch.Dielectric Strength Dielectric strength is the highest electrical potential that an insulating material can withstand without breaking down, i.e., dielectric breakdown. New switches usually have dielectric strength of over 1000 volts with leakage current less than 500 microamps. When the voltage exceeds the dielectric strength, the insulating material is permanently damaged.Insulation Resistance and Dielectric StrengthSwitch Resistance Switch Resistance is the total resistance of the conducting path between the wiringterminals of the switch.Sources of Switch ResistanceGeneral Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy SwitchingFor application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and Control 7Typical Pattern of Switch Resistance versus Plunger Position at 6 Volts DC, 0.1 AmpereContact Resistance : The resistance between a pair of closed contacts.Load Resistance : Load resistance affects contact resistance in the following way; if the circuit voltageexceeds the softening or melting voltage of the contact material, the material softens or melts due to I 2R heating. See table below for softening and melting voltage of silver and gold.MaterialApproximateSoftening VoltageApproximate Melting VoltageSilver .09 Volt .37 Volt Gold.08 Volt.43 VoltIf the metal at the contact interface softens or melts, the cross-sectional area of the conducting path between the contacts will depend upon the current. The size of this cross-sectional area determines contact resistance. The higher the current, the greater the cross-sectional area of the bridge and the lower its resistance. If the softening voltage is not reached, the contact resistance is independent of current.Measurement ofSwitch Resistance: Switch resistance should be measured by voltage drop using the same voltage andcurrent as in the circuit in which the switch is to be used. This can be accomplished by connecting the switch in a series circuit consisting of a power supply of the specified voltage, a variable resistor and ammeter.General Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy SwitchingConnections for Measurement of Switch ResistanceSwitch Resistancein Application: In the application of snap-acting switches, if the source voltage is at least .5 volts, contact material almost always softens, or melts slightly, at the interface, and switch resistance becomes afunction of current. This leads to the following practical consequences:1. In low current circuits, switch resistance tends to be relatively high. However, low current circuitsusually have high resistance load components. The resistance of the switch usually is such a smallpart of the total resistance of the circuit that switch resistance is not a problem.2. High current circuits usually have low-resistance load components. In high current circuitshowever, switch resistance tends to be low. Again, the resistance is such a small part of the totalresistance of the circuit that switch resistance is not a problem.At source voltages of 0.5 volt or greater, the resistance of a switch during its life will rarely exceed1% of the load resistance. If source voltage is less than 0.5 volt, switch resistance may or may notbe a function of current, depending upon the amount of the source voltage that appears across thecontacts.In general, the maximum allowable switch resistance of a specific application can be defined asfollows: For DC circuits, the maximum allowable switch resistance equals the line voltage divided by the minimum allowable current, minus the load resistance. For AC circuits, the maximum allowable switch resistance equals the line voltage divided by minimum allowable current, multiplied by thepower factor and minus the load resistance.8 For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and ControlGeneral Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy SwitchingFor example, consider a switch in series with a relay coil:• 24 VDC, 5000 ohm coil, operate .004 amp, release .0025 amp.• Without the switch in the circuit, I=.0048• With the switch in circuit, coil will operate at I=.004. Switch resistance will do no harm if it does not reduce the .0048 amp to less than .004 amp• Total resistance that will allow .004 amp flow = R = V/I = 24 volts/.004 amp = 6000 ohms• Therefore, maximum allowable switch resistance = 6000 ohms - 5000 ohms or 1000 ohmsRole ofContamination inSwitch Resistance:There are two general classifications for switch contaminants, particles and films. Particles can becrushed solids that enter the switch during application or assembly. Particles deposit on the contact surface, are crushed between the contacts and can become embedded in the contact material due to contact force. Particles can cause erratic contact during wipe and roll of contacts and, if large orextensive enough, can stop current flow.Films are the second type of switch contaminant, which can be broken into two parts, organic andinorganic. Inorganic films, such as silver oxides or silver sulfides, do not typically cause switchresistance problems at the contacts. Silver oxide is conductive, so it does not represent a problem.Silver sulfide films are brittle and are punctured mechanically due to contact force and wiping action.There are several types of contaminants that can create organic films and cause resistance problems.The most common are flux, organic vapors, and silicones. Flux enters the switch cavity by vapor or is carried into the switch cavity by a cleaning solvent. Flux will increase switch resistance and can stop current flow. To avoid flux contamination: avoid use of activated flux; use flux sparingly; use flux core solder; do not allow liquid flux or flux vapor to enter the switch; use a soldering temperature ofapproximately 550° F (288° C); and, do not use solvents on or near switches - they carry flux residue and other contaminants into the switch. It is not necessary to remove flux residue from terminals.Organic materials, especially organic vapors, can decompose in the arc or I2R heating of the material at the interface between the closed contacts. Carbonaceous deposits can build up over time on thecontact surface and increase the switch resistance.For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and Control 9General Technical Bulletin #13 - Low Energy SwitchingSilicon is an inorganic element found in many materials. Silicone is an organic material commonlyfound in oils, greases, mold release, cleaning sprays, and potting material. Silica (SiO2), commonly referred to as glass, is transformed from silicone in the presence of electrical energy. Silicones enter the switch as vapor and over time, based on load, rate of actuation, and amount of silicone present, transform into silica. These silica deposits can raise switch resistance and stop current flow. Everyprecaution should be taken in the application to prevent silicone from coming in contact with the inner switch cavity.Common ContactMaterials:• Fine silver. 1.6 ohms/cm, low cost, if kept clean, there is no lower load limit.• 24 karat gold.2.36 ohm/cm, high cost, limited to use in applications with little or no arc energy because of its ductility.• Gold Alloys.Different properties depending on the alloy.• Gold clad over silver.If the load is low energy, it is carried through gold. If the load is arcing, it burns away the gold and is carried through silver contacts. However, a switch that has seen anarcing load should not be used for a low energy load.• Silver Cadmium Oxide.Designed for use in power loads, not recommended for use in loads less than .5 amp and/or 12 volts.The following graph can be used as a general guide for the selection of contact material. The graph indicates 1st choice, 2nd choice, etc. for each current range. Note, the current represented on the X axis is steady-state. Inrush currents from motor loads and lamp loads can be 6 to 10 times steadystate current.General Guide to the Selection of Contact Material10 For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and ControlFor application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and Control 11 Common ContactConfigurations:Smooth contact. Common contact configurationSerrated contact. The top surface of the contact can be serrated toprovide a series of peaks and valleys. When the switch is operated theraised areas (peaks) tend to scruff or scrape over the mating contactsurface. This self-cleaning discourage buildups of films or particulate foreignmaterial on the raised areas. Even when the minute particles are not totallyremoved, they tend to drop into the valleys where they are less likely tocontaminate the contact interface. Serrated contacts have been effective inimproving electrical continuity in applications ranging from power duty loadsto low current requirements.Bifurcated contacts. The most effective system developed to date.Bifurcated contacts offer some of the same benefits as described forserrated contacts in addition to providing parallel redundancy.Redundancy can also be provided by connecting two or more switches inparallel and actuating them at the same time.NOTE : Not all contact configurations are available on all switch types.For more information regarding the availability of different contactconfigurations on specific switch types, contact the HONEYWELLApplication Center at 1-800-537-6945.12 For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and ControlSwitch Life: Mechanical life: The life of a switch with no electrical load present.Electrical life: The life of a switch when switching an electrical load.The following graph demonstrates the life of switch at different electrical loads. Switch life depends on such criteria as electrical load, environment, switch mechanism, and other factors particular to the application. As electrical load increases, switch life decreases. Below 1 amp, the electrical life approaches the mechanical life of the switch. For available test data, contact the HONEYWELL Application Center at 1-800-537-6945.GENERAL APPLICATION GUIDELINESStorage, Installation,and Maintenance• Store switch in a clean, reasonably dry environment that does not exceed the rated temperature of the switch.• Install the switch carefully:♦ Do not drill, sand or otherwise modify the switch.♦ Do not overtighten mounting screws. Review packing sheet instructions carefully.♦ If mounting the switch with an adhesive, use extreme care to avoid contaminating the switch interior.♦ Avoid the use of silicone materials to prevent silicone from coming in contact with the interior of the switch. If this is not possible, in low energy applications, use a sealed switch.♦ When soldering leads to terminals, use non-activated flux core solder and a soldering temperature of about 550° F (288° C).♦ Do not use solvents on switches.♦ Do not use commercial contact cleaners on snap-action switches.♦ Do not paint over switch after installation.♦ Do not connect opposite polarity between normally open and closed terminals. When this is done, and when the arc persists after the contacts are fully apart, a short circuit is establishedthrough the arc and hence through the switch.• Chemicals used during maintenance cleaning can degrade switch materials. If the switch cannot be easily removed prior to cleaning and the types of chemicals used for cleaning are known,contact the HONEYWELL Application Center at 1-800- 537-6945 fo r fluid compatibilitydata.For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and Control 13Design• For advice regarding the choice of a switch for a specific application, contact the HONEYWELL Application Center at 1-800-537-6945.• If low price is an important factor, silver contacts may help reach the objective.• All snap acting electromechanical switches have contact bounce. When the contact closes it bounces, causing the switch to open and close for a period of microseconds before stayingclosed. If contact bounce will be a problem, the circuit must be buffered. The circuit can bebuffered with additional electronic circuitry or with software.• If the load is below melting voltage, gold or gold alloys can be used for an added measure of safety.• Actuate the switch as closely as possible to the extremes of its plunger travel without applying excess force that might damage the switch. For force data, contact theHONEYWELLApplication Center, 1-800-537-6945.• Decide, based on accurate technical information, whether a switch resistance specification is needed and whether its additional cost is justified. If so, on the basis of end use, specify: thevoltage, current, plunger position, sequence of actuation, and measurement, and maximumallowable switch resistance.• When to give switch resistance special attention:♦ When the switch controls a circuit at less than 0.5 volts.♦ When several switches must be connected in series.♦ When a switch is likely to be exposed to contaminating particles or fumes.♦ When an occasional switch closure with the switch resistance exceeding 1% of the load resistance will have negative consequences.• Design the circuit so the switch sees voltage well above the softening voltage of the contact material, e.g., 0.08 volt for gold, 0.09 volt for silver.• Design low voltage circuits with a minimum number of switches in series.• Design the switch circuit to be as insensitive to normal variations of switch resistance as possible.14 For application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell Sensing and ControlIf additional assurance of low and stable resistance is desired, use bifurcated contacts or connect two or more switches in parallel and actuate them at the same time.Customers should test the switch under conditions simulating end use to verify that it performs asrequired in the application.Environment• Protect unsealed switches from contamination by particles and fumes.• Switches can be sealed to help prevent contamination from entering them. Some common levels of sealing are: dust resistant, drip-proof, water resistant, resilient, and hermetic. In general, themore critical the application and the harsher the environment, the more stringent the sealrequirements.• If the switch is unsealed and a low energy load is involved, a thorough understanding of the environment is required to choose the correct contact material and configuration. Contact theHONEYWELL Application Center at 1-800-537-6945, for help in choosing the propermaterial• If the environment of an unsealed switch contains a significant amount of sulfides (such as decaying organic matter, cardboard, or vulcanized rubber) and moisture, gold or gold-plated contacts canhelp.• If an alien film contaminant (such as paint spray or oil mist) can reach the contacts, gold won't help. Use a sealed switch.SUMMARYContact material, contact configuration, and the degree of environmental protection are importantconsiderations when low energy switching is required. They must be considered, along with otherapplication variables, to determine the proper switch for the application. The most reliable and cost-effective solution to any switch application results from a partnership between the user andHoneywell’s Sensing and Control Division.For further technical information and assistance in determining your total switching requirements,contact HONEYWELL:1-800-537-6945 USA1-800-737-3360 Canada1-815-235-6847 InternationalFAX1-815-235-6545 USAINTERNET********************.comFor application help: call 1-800-537-6945 Honeywell • MICRO SWITCH Sensing and Control 15Helping You Control Your World Honeywell Inc.11 West Spring StreetFreeport, Illinois 61032001008-3-EN IL50 GLO 797 Printed in USA。

Why dry yourcompressed air?Compressed air contains oil, solid particles and water vapors. It is theinherent result of the compression process, which concentrates thenatural water vapors and particles in the air that surrounds us. Thisuntreated compressed air poses a substantial risk to your air system andend products. Its moisture content alone can cause corrosion in pipework, premature failure of pneumatic equipment, product spoilageand more. An air dryer is therefore essential to protect your systemsand processes.Refrigerant dryersby Atlas CopcoAtlas Copco’s refrigerant dryers provide the clean, dry air you need+) to expand the life of your equipment and ensure the quality of yourproducts. Our FD and FX dryers are designed in-house and tested usingthe most stringent methods. They meet or exceed the internationalstandards for compressed air purity and are tested according toISO 7183:2007.253614Controls the speed of the compressor to match your air demand and ensure the highest possible energy savings.1Opens the drain only when needed to eliminate unnecessary loss of compressed air during timed draining.4Counter-flow compact brazed plate or aluminum heat exchanger, with air-to-air side for optimum cooling efficiency and the lowest possible pressure drop.2®Touch controllerProvides advanced control and allows for remote monitoring.5Low velocity with high separation efficiency, even in low flow conditions.3Ensures plug-and-play installation.6VSD for superior energy savingsAtlas Copco’s in-house developed VSD technology matches your FD dryer’s power consumption to your production’s actual airflow. While a traditional refrigerant dryer can only be turned on or off, Atlas Copco’s FD VSD mirrors your production’s demand for compressed air as it fluctuates during the day, week or year. This ensures supreme energy savings as well as a stable dew point.Minimal environmental impactFD VSD dryers use the CFC-free R410A refrigerant, which has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero. The refrigerant meets the strict F-Gas regulations and, due to its low powerconsumption, has an an outstanding TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) performance.Optimum performance and safety in all conditions• Hot gas bypass valve prevents freezing at lower loads.• The extremely reliable R410A rotary compressor provides the best performance with minimum environmental impact.Capillary tubes cope with all conditions – no moving parts for extra reliability.• Condenser with louvered fin technology for improved performance in dusty environments.Advanced remote monitoring and control• High-tech Elektronikon ® Touch controller with warning indications, dryer shutdown and maintenance scheduling. • Standard SMARTLINK remote monitoring to maximize air system performance and energy savings.Robust and compact design• Forklift opening for smooth transport. • Easy front and side panel access.• No bulky thermal mass heat exchanger needed to save on energy.FiltersIf your production requires higher levels of air quality andfiltration, UD + filters can be added on to your FD VSD dryer.Power consumptionVSD dryerFixed speed dryerSupreme energy efficiency• The FD offers a low pressure drop – typically below 0.2 bar/2.9 psi – and minimal energy consumption.• The compact brazed plate or aluminum heat exchanger was designed specifically to provide optimal pre-cooling and the lowest possible pressure drop.• The electronic no-loss condensate drain comes with a level sensor to open the drain only when needed, preventing unnecessary loss of compressed air.Comprehensive control and monitoring options• The Elektronikon ® Alpha controller displays the pressure dew point and relative humidity.• Remote alarm and start/stop control through voltage-free contact.• Additional features such as alarm history and standard remote visualization.Easy installation and long maintenance intervals• Small footprint thanks to an innovative all-in-one design. • Delivered ready for use, minimizing costly production downtime.Low environmental impactFD dryers use CFC-free refrigerants (R134A and R410A) with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero.Counter-flow compact brazed plate or aluminum heatexchanger, with air-to-air side for optimum cooling efficiency and the lowest possible pressure drop.2condensate drainWith level sensor, backup manual drain and drain alarm.4separatorLasts longer thanks to limited vibrations, minimal moving parts, and reduced risk of leakage.1Reduces energy consumption and optimizes the pressure dew point at very low temperatures.5Low velocity with high separation efficiency even in low flow conditions.3Ensures stable pressure dew point and prevents freezing at lower loads.6connectionAllows for plug-and-play installation.8Eliminates the chance of moisture entering the compressed air system.7Reliable performance in tough conditions• Hot gas bypass valve prevents freezing at lower loads.• R134A piston compressor with high coefficient of performance (extremely reliableR410A rotary compressor for models FD 60-FD 95) provides the best performance with minimum environmental impact. Capillary tubes cope with all conditions – no moving parts for extra reliability.• Condenser with louvered fin technology for improved performance in dusty environments.3748152637481526Pressure dew point precisionThe FX comes in a wide range of sizes (7-300 l/s or 15-636 cfm) to offer a steady pressure dew point as low as +3°C/+37.4°F. Its easy to use digital display precision-measures and monitors the pressure dew point and dryer performance.Digital display• Pressure dew point: exact measurement and visual monitoring. • Status: refrigerant compressor and fan.• Alarms: high/low pressure dew point and probe failure.• Service warning.ReliableBuilt according to the stringent Atlas Copco standards, the FX is made of high quality, generously sized components.Hot environmentsHigh ambient temperatures can put your equipment to the test. The FX range offers several high temperature models that ensure dependable performance in conditions up to 46°C/115°F.Significant cost savings• Increased reliability and lifetime of tools and equipment.• Reduced pipe work leaks and thus a lower energy bill.• Less equipment breakdowns and operational interruptions.• Minimal chance of product damage as a result of moisture carryover.Sustainable refrigerantThe FX range comes with refrigerant that is compliant with F-Gas regulations to ensure the lowest possible carbon footprint and energy consumption.separatorNo chance of moisture entering the compressed air system.1Ensures stable pressure dew point and eliminates the possibility of condensate freezing.2Provides peace of mind through precise monitoring of pressure dew point.3connectionAllows for plug-and-play installation.4componentsFor straightforward servicing.5Offers high efficiency for better pressure dew point.6with integrated liquid separatorLasts longer thanks to limited vibrations, minimal moving parts, and reduced risk of leakage.8For a small footprint.7VSD:a game-changer in energy savingsWhen purchasing a refrigerant dryer, the main focus is usually on the initial cost. However, this only represents approximately 10% of the lifecycle cost of the dryer. Energy, maintenance and installation make up the bulk of your actual dryer costs. Direct and indirect (pressure drop) energy costs are the most important.Indirect energy costsIndirect energy costs are related to the extra energy your aircompressor must consume to overcome the pressure drop that takesplace in the air dryer. By design, Atlas Copco FD VSD dryers offer a lowpressure drop and efficient heat transfer – both of which contribute toFD VSD 100-300:Elektronikon ® Touch controller• 4.3-inch high-definition color display with clear pictograms and service indicator.• Internet-based dryer visualization using a simple Ethernet connection.• Automatic restart after voltage failure.• Built-in SMARTLINK online monitoring.• More flexibility: four different week schedules.• Graphical service plan indication.• Remote control and connectivity functions.SMARTLINK & Total ResponsibilityGet the most out of SMARTLINK as part of a Total Responsibility Plan. Step back, relax, and let our service engineers monitor your compressed air system. We know exactly when to serviceyour machines, diagnose any issues and be there on time to fix them.FD 5-95:Elektronikon ® Alpha controller• Exact measurement and visual monitoring of pressure dew point and ambient temperature.• High/low pressure dew point alarm.• Relative humidity indicator.• Energy saving mode.• Switch off at freezing alarm.• Alarm history and standard remote visualization.FX 1-16: Digital display• Pressure dew point: exact measurement and visual monitoring. • Energy saving mode.• Alarms: high/low pressure dew point and probe failure.•Service warnings.SMARTLINK: Data Monitoring ProgramSMARTLINK captures live data from your compressed air equipment and translates it in clear insights. At a glance, you can check uptime, energy efficiency and machine health.• Remote monitoring that helps you optimize your compressed air system and save energy and costs.• Provides a complete insight in your compressed air network.• Anticipates potential problems by warning you upfront.• Efficient service planning and parts handling to give you improved uptime.Advanced controlAtlas Copco’s refrigerant dryers are built to reliably and efficiently deliver quality air. But in the end, it’s all about how they perform on your work floor, meeting your individual needs and responding to your specific conditions. That is why the FD VSD, FD and FX come with comprehensive control options to allow you to get the best performance from your Atlas Copco dryer.Remote monitoringHow refrigerant dryers workA refrigerant dryer uses a refrigerant circuit and heat exchanger(s) to pre-coolair, refrigerate it to condense out moisture vapor, and then re-heat the air toAir circuit1Air-to-air heat exchanger: Incoming air is cooled downby the outgoing dry, cold air2Air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger: The air is cooled tothe required dew point by the refrigerant circuit. Thewater vapor condenses into water droplets3Integrated water separator: The moisture is collectedand evacuated by the electronic drainRefrigerant circuit4Refrigerant compressor: Compresses the gaseousrefrigerant to a higher pressure5Regulation device: The hot gas bypass valve regulatesthe dryer to prevent freezing at lower load conditions6Refrigerant condenser: Cools the refrigerant so that itchanges from a gas to a liquid7Refrigerant filter: Protects the expansion device fromharmful particles8Thermostatic expansion valve: The expansion processreduces the pressure and cools the refrigerant further9Liquid separator: Ensures that only refrigerant gasenters the compressorHot refrigerant gasCold refrigerant liquidExpanded refrigerant liquid2935 0868 41 © 2020, A t l a s C o p c o A i r p o w e r N V , B e l g i u m . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . D e s i g n s a n d s p e c i fi c h a n g e w i t h o u t n o t i c e o r o b l i g a t i o n . R e a d a l l s a f e t y i n s t r u c t i o n s i n t h e。

科伯舒特线束-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述科伯舒特线束是一种常用于电气连接和信号传输的工业部件。

该线束由多个导线和电缆组成，通过捆扎在一起形成整体。

它可以有效地将电力、信号和数据传输到各种设备和系统中，并提供稳定和可靠的连接。

科伯舒特线束具有灵活性、耐用性和可靠性等特点，广泛应用于各种领域，如汽车制造、航空航天、电子通信、医疗设备等。

科伯舒特线束的主要功能是通过集成和组织各种导线和电缆，以提供高效的电气连接和信号传输。

它将多个线缆和导线捆绑在一起，以便更好地管理和保护这些线缆。

这不仅可以简化安装和维护过程，还可以减少线束的体积和重量，提高系统的整体效率和性能。

科伯舒特线束的设计和制造过程需要考虑各种因素，如所需的导线数量和类型、电气和机械特性、环境条件、操作要求等。

同时，线束的可靠性和耐久性也是至关重要的，因为它们经常处于恶劣的工作环境中，例如高温、湿度、震动和电磁干扰等。

因此，科伯舒特线束通常采用高质量的材料和先进的制造技术，以确保其长期稳定运行和可靠性。

总而言之，科伯舒特线束在现代工业中具有重要的地位和作用。

它是电气连接和信号传输的关键部件，为各种设备和系统提供了可靠的电力和通信，并支持各种领域的技术发展和创新。

随着科技的不断进步和应用领域的扩大，科伯舒特线束的需求和应用前景将继续增长，并为工业发展做出更大的贡献。

1.2 文章结构文章结构的主要目的是为了组织和呈现文章的内容，使读者能够更好地理解和掌握文章的主要观点和论证过程。

本文的结构分为引言、正文和结论三个部分。

引言部分主要介绍了文章的背景和重要性，为读者提供了对科伯舒特线束的一个整体认识。

其中，概述部分简要介绍了科伯舒特线束的基本概念和功能，为后续内容的理解打下基础；文章结构部分说明了本文的整体框架和各个部分的内容安排，帮助读者更好地了解文章的逻辑结构和阅读顺序；目的部分明确了本文的写作目标，即介绍科伯舒特线束的定义、特点、应用领域以及对其未来发展的展望。

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONSRemote type, electric refrigerated water chiller unit. Chilling Capacity of 2.0 GPH (gallons per hour) of 50︒ F drinking water, based on 80︒ F inlet water and 90︒ F ambient, per ASHRAE 18 testing. Installs directly under fountain or other application, or may be located in a service area to serve a remote outlet (within 15 feet recommended). Unit shall be certified to UL 399 and CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 120.Compact, highly efficient water chiller units are designed for use with any drinking fountain. Also connects to a bubbler, glass filler or cold water dispenser. Converts a fountain into a water cooler.*Based on 80° F inlet water & 90° F ambient air temp for 50° F chilled CONSTRUCTION∙ Cabinet: Rust-resistant galvanized steelCOOLING SYSTEM∙ Compressor: Hermetically-sealed, reciprocating type, single phase. Sealed-in lifetime lubrication.∙ Condenser: Fan cooled, copper tube with aluminum fins. Fan motor is permanently lubricated.∙ Cooling Unit: Combination tube-tank type. Continuous copper tubing is fully insulated with foam that meets UL requirements for self-extinguishing material.∙ Refrigerant Control: Refrigerant R-134a is controlled by accurately calibrated capillary tube.∙ Temperature Control: Easily accessible enclosed adjustable thermostat is factory preset. Requires no adjustment other than for altitude requirements.A Century of Tradition and Quality.For more than 100 years, Elkay has been making innovativeproducts and providing exceptional customer care. We take pride in offering plumbing products that make life easier, inspire change and leave the world a better place.Included with Product: Water ChillerPRODUCT COMPLIANCEBuy American ActCAN/CSA C22.2 No. 120NSF/ANSI 61 (Q≤1) & 372 (lead free) UL 399Installation Instructions (PDF) - 2000000700 Warranty (PDF)PART:________________________________QTY: _____________ PROJECT:______________________________________________ CONTACT:______________________________________________ DATE:__________________________________________________ NOTES:_________________________________________________APPROVAL:_____________________________________________Optional Accessories。