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学以致用，说说自己的构思
假如你去苹果园游玩，需要写一 篇文章，里面有写景的部分，你打算 如何去写？
友情提醒
我们现在想得再多、说得再好，都不一 定能写出很好的文章来，绝知此事要躬行， 只有我们亲自去看了、体验了，写出的文章 才会动人。
U3 Grammar
Non-restrictive attributive clauses (1st period)
=for he
I will take this one, which seems to be the best one.
=for it
They gave us the design for free, which was a very good one.
=though it
Compare: He told me a story, which is already known to all. He came late, which made the teacher angry. He missed the movie, which was a great pity.
A. that
B. whose
C. those
D. what
4．I walked in our garden, ___C____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005,辽宁卷)
sentence.
What’s the difference between “which” and “as” when they refer to a whole sentence?
Structure:
As was expected, we won the game. We won the game, which/as we expected. The number of the visitors, as/which we had
那个老人有一个18岁的儿子。 •(定语从句起限定作用；老人还可能有其他儿子。 )
The old man has a son,who is a
doctor.
那老人有一个儿子，今年18岁。
（定语从句起补充说明作用；老人只有一个儿子。）
Compare:
Nanjing is a city ____th_a__t/_w_h_ich
The lady who is getting off the bus is a musician.
正在走下汽车的那位女士是个音乐家。
The lady is a musician,who is getting off the bus.
那位女士是个音乐家,她正在走下汽车。
典型例题
Helen was much k全相同
• 非限制性定语从句有两个禁忌：that和why不 能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语 从句中，that的作用由who，whom和which分 别承担。
• Yesterday I met jenny, who was very tired.
• 引导词的省略情况不同
• 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词充当宾语时 可以省略。
• Beijing,which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.
• This is the dictionary which helps me a lot.
2 意义不同
一般情况下，限制性定语从句是用来限制先 行词的意思，与先行词关系紧密，如果去掉的 话会使句子意思不明确；而非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系松散，常对先行词起附加说明的 作用，即使去掉也不影响句子的主要意思。
•
细读课文，说说自己的发现
2．通过“＿＿＿＿”这句话（或这个 词），我感受了作者发现的喜悦或亲 身体验的喜悦。
细读课文，说说自己的发现
3.通过多角度地描写，作者已给我们 全方位地展示了一个立体的黄果树瀑 布，但文章前后又分别写了图片中的 黄果树瀑布和作者“有话要说”，是 否多余？为什么？
学以致用，说说自己的构思
学习任务
1.有感情地朗读课文,把握课文大意。 2 .学习运用多种感觉描写景物的方法。 3.感受作者独特的情感体验，增强热 爱、亲近自然的情感。
初读课文，感知文章大意
初读课文，感知文章大意
要求： 1. 做到读准字音，读出感情。 2.标出生字词，并试解决之。
细读课文，说说自己的发现
1.在“＿＿＿＿＿＿”句话中，作者 通过＿＿＿（感觉）上的描写，给 我们展示了黄果树瀑布的＿＿＿特 点。
lies on the Changjiang River.
I live in Nanjing , ____w__h_i_c_h
lies on the Changjiang River.
I live in Nanjing, ____w__h_e_r_e_/i_n which
you can find many places of interest.
3. _A__s_ we hoped, he came to help us. 4. A__s_ was planned, the work was finished
on time.
5. The number of the visitors, _a_s__we had
expected, was over 200. “as” can be used to refer to a whole
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
3．Last month, part of Southeast
Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects thBe people are still suffering. (2005, 天津卷)
I bought the same car _a_s_ he is driving.
What is the difference between the restrictive attributive clauses and the non-restrictive clauses?
1.形式不同
• 限制性定语从句和先行词之间不用逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间要用逗号隔开。
Compare:
• He has three sons who/that are doctors.
• He has three sons, two of whom are doctors.
• He has three sons, all of whom are doctors.
• He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
• I lost the photos (that/which) I took in Iraq.
• 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词无论在什么情况 下都不可以省略。
4 译法不同
翻译限制性定语从句时，通常是把从句翻译 成定语放在先行词前，也就是说，先翻译 定语从句，后翻译先行词。而翻译非限制 性定语从句时，从句不放在先行词前，按 顺序先译先行词，后译定语从句即可。
expected, was over 200.
Meaning: “as” means: 正如…一样
We won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
as
He is such a clever boy _a_s__ can solve all the questions.
黄果树瀑布简介
黄果树瀑布，是贵州第一胜景，有中国第 一大瀑布，也是世界最阔大壮观的瀑布之一。 景区内以黄果树大瀑布（高77.8米，宽101米） 为中心，分布着雄、奇、险、秀风格各异的 大小18个瀑布，形成庞大的瀑布“家族”， 是世界上最大的瀑布群。黄果树大瀑布是黄 果树瀑布群中最为壮观的瀑布，是世界上唯 一可以从上、下、前、后、左、右六个方位 观赏的瀑布，也是世界上有水帘洞自然贯通 且能从洞内外听、观、摸的瀑布。
黄果树瀑布
于坚
山东滕州界河中学 杨鹏
作者介绍 于坚， 1954年生于昆明， 20岁开始写诗，25岁发表作品。 1984年毕业于云南大学中文系。 1994的长诗《零档案》被誉为当 代汉语诗歌的一座“里程碑”。 著名诗集有《空地》、《诗六十 首》、《对一只乌鸦的命名》、 《飞行》，文集《棕皮手记》、 《云南这边》等十余种。于坚开 拓了诗坛口语写作的风气，他是 第三代诗歌的代表性诗人。
= and it
“which” can be used to refer to __t_he_w__h_o_le__ _s_en_t_e_n_ce__.
1. He is a hard working student, _a_s_ we all know.
2. He has won first prize, _a_s__ we all expected.
05年高考回放
1. I have many friends, _______ somDe are businessmen. (2005， 全国II卷)
A. why
B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
2．If a shop has chairs _______ woDmen can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005，上海卷)
I, who am your best friend, believe in you.
Mr Smiths, whose wife teaches singing, is a teacher of piano.
