新闻复习知识点(学生版)
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初二语文上册新闻范文1一、重点字词1.给下列加点字注音。
荻dí溃kuì退泄xiè气阻遏è绥suí聿yù2.解释下列词语。
(1)业已:已经。
(2)锐不可当:锋利无比,不可抵挡。
二、重点句子背记知识清单1.和中路军所遇敌情一样,我西路军当面之敌亦纷纷溃退,毫无斗志,我军所遇之抵抗,甚为微弱。
此种情况,一方面由于人民解放军英勇善战,锐不可当,另一方面,这和**反动派拒绝签订和平协定,有很大关系。
2.白崇禧经常说;“不怕**凶,只怕**生根。
”他是怕对了。
我们在所有江淮河汉区域,不仅是树木,而且是森林了。
不仅生了根,而且枝叶茂盛了。
三、文学(文体)常识背记知识清单1.《人民解放军百万大军横渡长江》和《中原我军解放南阳》两则新闻的'作者是毛主席。
2.新闻的特征是用事实说话。
3.新闻的六要素是人物、时间、地点、事件发生的原因、经过、结果。
4.新闻的结构包括五部分标题、导语、主体、背景、结语。
初二语文上册新闻范文2人教版初二语文上册第30课诗四首一、重点字词1.给下列加点字注音。
荒秽huì荷hè锄候骑jì都dū护燕yān然豚tún点拨:注意多音字"荷""骑""都""燕"的读音。
2.解释加点的词语。
(1)带月荷锄归荷:扛着。
(2)但使愿无违但:只。
(3)江人大荒流大荒:广阔无际的原野。
(4)仍怜故乡水怜;爱。
二、重点句子背记知识清单1.种豆南山下,草盛豆苗稀。
2.衣沾不足惜,但使愿无违。
3.山随平野尽,江入大荒流。
4.《归园田居(其三)》中写诗人早出晚归到田园劳动的句子是晨兴理荒秽,带月荷锄归。
5.《使至塞上》中描绘出意境雄浑、浩瀚壮美的沙漠景象的诗句是大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。
6.《渡荆门送别》中用比喻描写水中月、天亡云的美丽景象的`涛句是月下飞天镜,云生结海楼。
八年级上册新闻单元知识点八年级上册的新闻单元是非常有趣的。
学生们可以通过这一单元掌握新闻报道的基本形式和结构,学习新闻报道的写作技巧,还可以了解社会中一些重要的事件和问题。
在这篇文章中,我将介绍一些八年级上册新闻单元的关键知识点。
新闻报道的基本形式新闻报道是为了向公众传递信息和消息的一种文本形式。
一篇好的新闻报道应该包含三个基本要素:谁、什么、为什么。
这被称为“3W原则”。
通常情况下,新闻报道的开头应该契合“5W1H原则”,即谁、什么、何时、何地、为什么以及如何。
新闻报道的结构一个好的新闻报道应该有一个清晰的结构。
标题应该简短精练,能够吸引读者的眼球。
接下来的第一句话(或称为“引语”)应该能够概括整个新闻报道的主题,引起读者的兴趣。
接下来,新闻报道应该按照时间、地点、事实、原因、影响等的顺序组织。
最后,新闻报道应该结论清晰,具有说服力。
新闻报道的写作技巧在新闻报道中,结构和格式非常重要,但是内容也很重要。
一个好的新闻报道应该具有以下特点:1. 简短明了:新闻报道应该简短明了,不宜太长。
每个段落应该以一个要点为主题。
2. 精彩生动:新闻报道应该具有一定的生动性,利用形象的语言让读者更好地理解信息。
3. 公正客观:新闻报道应该保持客观公正,以真实的事实为基础,不带任何偏见地呈现事件。
4. 人性化:新闻报道应该关注人,关心人。
要引起读者的个体共鸣。
重要社会事件和问题在八年级的新闻单元中,学生们也会学习一些重要的社会事件和问题。
例如,学生们会学习关于气候变化和环境问题的新闻报道,让他们了解到环境保护非常重要。
他们还会学习有关人权和平等的新闻报道,了解到每个人都应该受到平等对待。
此外,学生们还会了解到关于中国和世界各地的新闻报道。
总之,八年级上册新闻单元是非常丰富的。
通过这一单元的学习,学生们可以掌握新闻报道的基本形式和结构,学习新闻报道的写作技巧,还可以了解社会中一些重要的事件和问题。
这些知识将会对他们以后的工作和生活有着重要的影响。
第04课 一着惊海天——目击我国航母舰载战斗机首架次成功着舰课程标准 课标解读 1.了解通讯的基本特点,把握通讯的基本写法。
2.了解通讯运用的基本表现手法,体会通讯的语言特点。
1. 体会通讯的基本特点,区分消息和新闻特写。
2. 学习通讯注重细节描写和夹叙夹议的写作特点。
3. 明确舰载机着舰的重大意义,感受文中蕴含的家国深情。
潜移默化中培养学生的爱国情感和民族自豪感。
知识点01 通讯概念及特点通讯,是运用叙述、描写、抒情、议论等多种表达方式,具体、生动、形象地反映新闻事件或典型人物的一种新闻报道形式。
【微点拨】通讯通讯是记叙文的一种,是报纸、广播电台、通讯社常用的文体。
它最常见的是人物通讯和事件通讯,和消息一样,通讯要求及时、准确地报道生活中有意义的人和事,但报道的内容比消息更具体、更系统。
【即学即练1】本文是一篇事件通讯。
报道的是我国航母舰载机首架次成功着舰的过程。
知识点02 背景、文题、主旨1、背景链接2012年11月23日上午,我国第一艘航空母舰——辽宁舰,成功进行了歼-15舰载机的着舰训练。
这篇通讯记录的就是552号歼-15战斗机着舰的经过,向读者展现了这惊心动魄、振奋人心的“”一着。
这篇通知识精讲目标导航讯现场感强,角度新颖,信息量大,震撼力强,是一篇难得的佳作,获第23届中国新闻奖,文字通讯类三等奖。
2、文题解读主标题“一着惊海天”新颖独特,能迅速吸引读者的目光,激起阅读兴趣。
“着”指飞机降落;“惊”即惊动、震惊;“海天”交代此次着舰的环境。
“惊海天”生动地写出了“一着”的影响之大。
副标题“第3课目击我国航母舰载战斗机首架次成功着舰”则概括了这篇通讯记叙的主要事件。
“航母”“航空母舰”的简称;“首架次”指出这一事件的非凡意义和价值;“成功”表现了作者的自豪感。
3、主旨点睛这篇通讯抓住歼-15舰载战斗机首次成功着舰这一具有历史意义的时刻,采用现场特写的方法,生动再现了我国航母舰载机首架次成功着舰这一惊心动魄的时刻,抒发了强烈的爱国热情与民族自豪感。
专题突破卷03语法填空之新闻报道2024年高考模拟真题(2024·湖北·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianshui in Northwest China’s Gansu Province is sweeping social media with one of its unique dishes.This city is stepping into the spotlight now that its local street dish malatang has become increasingly1 (influence)on social media.According to the China News Agency,one restaurant owner in Tianshui2(note),“we have been serving at least400customers a day,as people from other provinces drive to the city to get3taste of the local cuisine.”“There has been a long queue outside my restaurant even on weekdays,”said the shop owner. The growing4(popular)of this kind of street food can also be reflected in its main ingredient,the Gangu chili pepper,or lamb’s horn pepper,grown in Gangu county,a place well-known5the “Hometown of Chili Peppers”in China.The sales of products such as the broth for Tianshui malatang and Gangu chili peppers have been surging recently.In some places,the sales of Gangu chili peppers6(increase)tenfold in the past two weeks. Young customers born in the1990s have become the leading force for its consumption,7(account)for 40percent of chili pepper product sales.At the same time,related hashtags such as“going for malatang in Gansu by high-speed train”have been trending on China’s Sina Weibo,8on the short video platform Douyin, the topic Tianshui has been viewed more than12billion times.The successful tourism experience9(earn)by the cities of Zibo and Harbin has paved the way for Tianshui,10the culinary dish is becoming a main force for the city to stand out.(2024·广东广州·三模)阅读下面短文,在空处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
新闻报纸模板中学生版A3新闻稿格式1、新闻要素:不可忽略5W1H(Who、What、When、Where、Why、How)2、新闻构成:题、文、图、表3、题:简要、突出、吸引人4、文:导语100至200字:开宗明义人事时地物5、主体300至500字:深入浅出阐扬主旨6、结语100字:简洁有力强调该新闻的意义与影响或预告下阶段活动新闻的写作特点一、新闻的特点1、短小精练:新闻要短小精练这是新闻写作的基本要求就小记者采写新闻来说写好短消息便于迅速及时的报道新闻事实同时也锻炼小记者的采写能力;就读者阅读新闻来说它便于阅读2、语言生动简洁:新闻的语言只有生动、简洁才能吸引读者3、“倒金字塔”结构:新闻的写作是将最重要、最新鲜的事实写在新闻的最前面按事实重要性程度和读者关注的程度先主后次的安排内容越是重要的读者越是感兴趣的越要往前安排然后依次递减这在新闻写作中称为“倒金字塔”结构二、新闻导语的几种写作方法1、叙述式导语的写作:就是直截了当地用客观事实说话通过摘要或概括的方法简明扼要地反映出新闻中最重要、最新鲜的事实给人一个总的印象以促其阅读全文2、描写式导语的写作:记者根据目击的情况对新闻中所报道的主要事实或者事实的某个有意义的侧面作简练而有特色的描写向读者提供一个形象给人以生动具体的印象这就是描写式导语的一般特点一般用在开头部分以吸引读者增强新闻的感染力3、议论式导语的写作:往往采用夹叙夹议的方式通过极有节制、极有分寸的评论引出新闻事实一般分为三种形式:评论式、引语式、设问句三、学会恰当运用新闻背景材料背景材料在不少新闻中占据一定的位置是新闻稿件中不可缺少的内容交代背景应根据需要因稿而异更要紧扣主题还有交代背景时不宜太多材料要写的生动活泼新闻通讯写一、通讯的种类:一般分为“人物通讯、事件通讯、工作通讯、风貌通讯”二、通讯的特点通讯是一种详细、深入的报道也是一种具有多种表现方法的新闻媒体通讯报道生动形象、具有感染力三、人物通讯:是以报道人物为主要内容的通讯其基本要求和方法有以下几点:要体现当今的时代特征;要写出人物的特点;要用人物的行为表现人物一般有两种写法一是对人物一生或是某个阶段、某一个方面作比较全面的报道;还有就是不对人物作全面的报道而是抓住某个特定的情景简单几笔把人物的精神、特点写出来或是作一个侧面报道四、事件通讯:它是以重大的或寻常的事件为报道的通讯类型是记述新近发生的受到人们普遍关注的事件1、其基本要求和方法有以下几点:叙事要有明确的目的性;事件情节要交代清楚名了线索要清晰;叙事要生动灵活运用多种表现手法突出重点有详有略;在叙事中要选好人物写人物时注意精练、生动形象2、通讯的语言特点和细节描写:通讯作为一种新闻媒体语言要求准确严谨简明扼要鲜明生动具体真切通俗易懂;多运用琅琅上口的群众语言写通讯要有浓郁的感情色彩。
新闻稿知识点总结
标题:全球新冠疫情形势及防控举措
摘要:自2020年初新型冠状病毒疫情在全球爆发以来,各国纷纷采取措施进行防控,情势一直持续不断地在发展变化。
本文将对全球疫情形势进行分析,总结各国的防控措施。
同时,也将介绍一些新的科学研究成果和医疗进展,为读者提供最新的疫情信息。
1. 全球疫情形势
截至目前,全球新冠疫情仍在持续蔓延,已造成数百万人感染,数十万人死亡。
疫情在不同国家和地区的传播速度和影响程度也有所不同。
据统计,美国、巴西、印度等国家感染病例数居前列,而一些欧洲国家也出现了疫情反弹的情况。
同时,一些非洲和拉丁美洲的国家也在加大防控工作,并积极寻求国际合作。
2. 防控措施
为了阻断病毒传播,各国纷纷采取了一系列严格的防控措施。
封锁、隔离、检测、疫苗接种等成为了全球范围内的常态,而口罩、消毒等防护用品的需求量也大大增加。
此外,许多国家也对入境旅客进行了严格的管控和检测,以防止境外输入。
3. 新的科学研究成果和医疗进展
在抗击疫情的过程中,科学家和医疗工作者们也在不断研究病毒的特性,寻求治疗和防控的新途径。
目前,一些新的药物和治疗方案已经获得了一定的效果,一些疫苗也已进入了临床试验阶段,为全球疫情的控制提供了新的希望。
本文旨在为读者提供最新的疫情信息和防控措施,帮助大家了解全球疫情形势,为自我防护和社会防控提供参考。
我们也呼吁各国和人民团结一心,共同抗击疫情,共度难关。
语用题:压缩语段之新闻类题型班级:姓名:座号:1、阅读下面一则新闻,为这则新闻拟写标题,字数不多于15字。
本报讯(记者毛羽)昨天,北京首批500余名网络保安员开始正式上岗,监控全市网吧、网站、宽带公司、病毒公司的网络安全。
据了解,网络保安员目前开展的主要业务是网络、人防、技防业务。
今后网络保安员将进入全市942家网吧及3800多家网络介入服务单位,每个网吧至少要安置保安员3名.网络保安员没有执法权,主要通过网络监控,为服务单位及时删除各种不良信息,一旦发现有人在网吧里光临黄色网站或者在网上“钓鱼”,发布虚假信息进行网络诈骗时,网络保安员将立即叫停违法行为,然后向网监部门报警.2、给下面的新闻拟定一条标题.(不超过20字)日前,福州大熊猫研究中心传出喜讯,中科院动物所与福州大熊猫研究中心共同合作异种克隆大熊猫早期胚胎首次培植成功,这是世界上最早克隆大熊猫早期胚胎。
1997年3月,中科院动物所陈大元教授首先提出“异种克隆大熊猫”的设想,就是将大熊猫的体细胞植入另一种动物的成熟的卵细胞内.但哺乳动物的异种克隆在国内外尚未有成功先例。
1998年10月11日,陈大元教授的研究小组从福州大熊猫研究中心选择了一只年轻的雌性大熊猫,从它身上取下血液和乳腺等部位细胞,经过培养将其植入去掉細胞核的兔子卵細胞内.半年后,第一批早期胚胎终于问世。
目前研究人员面临的问题是:为早期胚胎选择一种什么动物可以成为合适的“寄母".3、读下面一则消息,拟定一个恰当的标题。
(10字以内)今年可以说是多灾之年,人们刚刚从土耳其、台湾大地震和美国飓风的恐惧中摆脱出来,強烈的飓风有袭击了印度东海岸,造成了至少79人死亡,数以万计的人流离失所。
在受灾地区,建筑物、电线竿和通讯设施被一扫而光,供水和供电完全中断.据统计,在本世纪至少有100万人死于来自印度洋的强烈飓风。
为了减少灾害造成的损失,印度政府正在加强研究,希望能够了解北印度洋地区飓风的形成,加强预报工作,以减少损失。
初中知识点新闻近年来,初中知识点不断更新,加强对学生综合素质的培养。
这也反映在新闻报道中,许多关于初中知识点的新闻报道引起我们的关注。
一、中考改革随着教育改革的不断深化,中考也经历了多次改革。
最新版的中考改革将重点放在了学生成绩综合评价和素质教育上。
除了考试成绩外,中考评价还将全面考核学生的综合素质和能力。
这意味着,学生不仅需要具备扎实的基础知识,还需要具备一定的实践和社会应用能力。
这样的改革措施促进了初中知识点的更新和加强,对于提升学生的综合素质也起着积极的促进作用。
二、科学人物科学人物是让学生了解科学知识的有效途径。
比如,2019年10月,我国首次完成南极深潜任务,这就吸引了大量初中生的关注。
中国科学技术大学教授杨立东就是本次任务的团队成员之一,他在与学生交流中,通过讲述任务的实践过程让学生深刻领悟到了科学知识在实践中的应用。
这样的科学人物可激发学生学习科学知识的兴趣,提高学生的关注度和学习动力。
三、课堂实践实践是学习知识的必要途径之一,特别是对于初中学生而言,学以致用能够更好地提升他们的学习兴趣和成绩。
为了帮助学生更好地掌握新知识,许多初中学校在教学过程中增加了实践环节。
比如,化学课堂上的实验、物理课堂上的测量等。
这样的实践能够让学生更好地理解知识,同时也丰富了他们的课外生活和学习体验。
四、综合素质教育综合素质教育是教育改革的重点之一,也是中考改革的目标之一。
初中知识点不再是单一的知识点,而是与实践和社会应用能力相结合。
学校也不再只是课堂教学,还要关注学生的思想、道德、文化、身心健康等方面的发展。
学校可以结合实际情况选择开展不同的素质教育活动,比如,开展劳动课、科技创新活动、志愿者服务等。
这样的活动可以帮助学生成长为有社会责任感的人才。
五、教育技术教育技术的应用也有助于提高初中知识点的教学效果。
比如,在物理教学中,教师可以运用模拟软件和多媒体技术进行授课,学生可亲眼观察物理现象的变化,更好地理解科学知识。
新闻两则____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.了解新闻相关知识,培养学生阅读新闻作品的能力。
2.了解新闻特点,把握记叙的六要素。
3.把握课文中的人物、事件,认识中国革命胜利来之不易,并从中获得有益启示。
4.从文体上抓住新闻的特点,从题材上抓住战争的主题,从遣词造句上体会准确精语言。
5.能够提炼概括新闻材料中的重要信息。
一、新闻新闻,是指通过报纸、电台、广播、电视台、互联网等媒体途径所传播的信息的一种称谓。
新闻概念有广义与狭义之分。
就其广义而言,除了发表于报刊、广播、互联网、电视上的评论与专文外的常用文本都属于新闻之列,包括消息、通讯、特写、速写(有的将速写纳入特写之列)等等,狭义的新闻则专指消息,消息是用概括的叙述方式,比较简明扼要的文字,迅速及时地报道国内外新近发生的、有价值的事实。
新闻特点从新闻学成立至今,对于新闻的定义层出不穷,新闻的分类也不胜枚举,尽管新闻类型很多,但是它们却拥有共同的特点:真实性、及时性、重要性、显著性、接近性、广泛性、开放性、变动性。
真实性:新闻的传播必须符合客观事实,新闻中的人物,时间,地点,事件都要经得起核对,真实是新闻的生命,如果歪曲新闻,那么这样的新闻是没有价值的,不能够称之为新闻。
及时性:对于新闻的发布时争分夺秒,一条新闻如果不及时发布,就会成为明日黄花,无人问津。
重要性:随着信息的发展,每天发生在身边的事情太多,而媒介资源是有限的,所以不能对事事都当做新闻传播,因此就要对其中重要的信息进行传播。
显著性:新闻必须是社会、大众所关心的显著事实,如果所播放的新闻不能消除受众的不确定性,那么新闻就没有价值。
高一语文期末复习语言表达——压缩语段班级:组别姓名【知识链接】一、知识点阐释“压缩语段”是要求在理解文意、正确筛选的基础上,对一段话(几段话)或一个长句进行正确解读,然后进行提取、筛选、概括,最后进行准确、全面、清晰的表述。
二、压缩语段的考查类型(一)新闻类:拟写一句话新闻、拟写标题、拟写导语;(二)概括要点类:概括语段内容、拟写短信、为语段补写总结句、提取关键词等。
三、新闻类的解题技巧突破1.拟写标题标题较一句话新闻更简洁,只要求两个必备要素:人物+事件。
2.拟写一句话新闻压缩方法:找出时间、地点、人物、事件、结果等要素的关键词句,组合成一句话。
压缩后的内容应是“人物”或“事件”构成的主谓式陈述句。
四、压缩语段的一般方法1.提取要素法——这种方法适用于新闻的压缩。
新闻一般包括五个要素:When(何时)、 Where(何地)、Who(何人)、What(何事)、Why(何故)。
即通常所说的五个“W”有。
这五要素概括了新闻的基本内容,其中最主要的是What(何事)、Who(何人)。
因此,可采用提取要素的方法,将新闻压缩成一句话新闻或标题新闻或导语等。
2.摘取法(即打叶削枝法)——这种方法适用于有中心句的各种文段。
议论文经常采用的方式就是先提出观点,再分析论证,最后得出给论,作者要表达的中心意思往往就在开头或结尾——观点句、总结句(即文段的中心句)。
抓住了中心句,也就抓住了文段的主要信息。
有些记叙性语段信息比较集中,只要抓住了中心句,整个语段的内容也就清楚了。
解答这类题,可以直接摘录原文中的语句来进行概括,也可以直接从原文中摘取主要信息,再根据字数要求作微调,或紧缩、或添补。
3.划分层次法——这是一种非常有效的压缩方法。
具体步骤是:(1)通读全文(2)切分语段层次,归纳层意(3)筛选有效信息,留主舍次,提取主要信息(4)根据题目要求,连缀成文。
五、有关新闻(消息)知识1、新闻五要素,即:When(何时)、 Where(何地)、Who(何人)、What(何事)、Why(何故)。
语言运用之新闻篇——新闻入题的八个角度1.角度一新闻概要(2007年福建)给下面这则新闻拟写一个标题(不超过12字)。
(3分)卫生部4月30日发出公告,决定撤销全国牙病防治指导组,同时将在疾病预防控制局成立口腔卫生处,负责全国牙病防治管理工作。
据介绍,全国牙防组是1988年经卫生部批准成立的牙病防治组织。
牙防组自成立以来,在改善大众口腔健康状况、提高群众自我口腔保健水平、监测口腔疾病发展等方面都发挥了积极作用。
公告指出,随着近年来政府公共服务职能的不断强化和行业民间组织的快速发展,牙防组已难以适应卫生事业发展的要求,卫生部决定予以撤销。
牙防组撤销后,原承担的工作由卫生部统一安排,群众性牙病预防保健技术工作和有关事务性管理工作,将以委托形式交专业社团或机构承担。
答:2.角度二新闻压缩(2007年北京卷)下面这则新闻报道向北京市民披露了两条重要信息。
请概括出这两条信息(每条不超过25字)。
(4分)【本报讯】近来,北京市民对南水北调工程的进展情况更加关注。
北京市水务局负责人就此发表谈话:南水北调中线工程引水起点为湖北丹江口水库,终点为北京颐和园团城湖,总干渠1277公里。
其中,北京段起点在房山拒马河,经房山区,穿永定河,过丰台,沿西四环北上至颐和园团城湖,全段输水管道线路长74.8公里。
中线工程竣工后长江水才可进京,竣工时间最后敲定为2010年。
为保障在长江水抵京前北京的用水,南水北调工程北京段将在今年年底完工,2008年4月具备通水条件;届时,该段可作为应急调水通道,从河北省的岗南等4个水库引水,每年大约可向北京供水4亿立方米。
这对奥运会筹备工作将起到积极的作用。
第一条信息:第二条信息:3.角度三提取关键词(2005年全国卷三)提取下面一段话的主要信息,在方框内写出四个关键词。
(4分)据报道,我国国家图书馆浩瀚的馆藏古籍中,仅1.6万卷“敦煌遗书”就有5000余米长卷需要修复,而国图从事古籍修复的专业人员不过10人;各地图书馆、博物馆收藏的古籍文献共计3000万册,残损情况也相当严重,亟待抢救性修复,但全国的古籍修复人才总共还不足百人。
新闻文体知识点归纳高考新闻文体是高考语文的重要考点之一,考察学生对新闻的理解和如何写作新闻的能力。
下面,我将归纳总结一些新闻文体的知识点,希望对广大考生有所帮助。
一、新闻的基本要素新闻由什么、谁、怎样、在哪里、为什么等要素构成。
这些要素通常通过称为五个W和一个H的问题(What, Who, Where, When, Why和How)来表达。
在新闻写作中,这些要素需要尽快地被揭示出来,以吸引读者的注意力。
二、新闻的阅读技巧新闻的阅读不同于其他文体,需要学生掌握一些阅读技巧。
例如,快速阅读新闻的开篇部分,以及对标题、副标题和照片的综合判断能力。
同时,学生还需要注意理解新闻中的关键信息和核心观点。
三、新闻的写作风格新闻文体追求简洁明了,注重客观公正和中立立场。
使用简明扼要的语言,时态常用一般现在时,句子结构也需要简单明了。
同时,应该避免主观情感和个人立场对新闻的影响。
四、新闻的文体特色新闻文体有其独特的特色,例如倒金字塔结构、直接引语、即时性和可读性等。
倒金字塔结构是指在新闻的写作中,将最重要的信息放在最前面,而次要的信息放在后面。
这种结构有助于读者迅速获取新闻的要点。
五、新闻的类型和范围新闻可以分为不同的类型,如新闻报道、新闻评论、新闻特写等。
不同类型的新闻有着不同的特点和写作方式。
学生需要了解各种新闻类型的特点,以便更好地应对考试。
六、新闻的写作要求新闻写作需要满足一定的写作要求。
例如,新闻标题要准确、简明;新闻开头要吸引读者;新闻正文要主次分明;新闻结尾要总结和延伸。
另外,写作时要注意杜绝夸张、虚假和不实报道。
以上是新闻文体知识点的归纳总结。
希望这些内容能够帮助考生更好地理解和掌握新闻文体的要点。
在备考阶段,同学们可以多读新闻,培养新闻敏感性和理解能力。
通过阅读和写作练习,逐渐提高自己的新闻文体写作水平。
接下来,希望各位同学在备考中注重新闻文体的学习和练习,掌握好相关知识点,以确保在高考中能够应对各种新闻题目。
重庆市考研新闻传播学复习资料媒介经济学理论解析媒介经济学是新闻传播学中的重要理论分支,对于考研新闻传播学的学生来说,熟悉和理解媒介经济学的理论是十分必要的。
本文将从媒介经济学的概念、发展历程、核心理论以及应用等方面进行解析,并提供一些适合考研新闻传播学复习的资料。
一、媒介经济学的概念媒介经济学是传媒经济学的同义词,它是研究媒体运作、产业组织和经济规律的学科。
媒介经济学旨在揭示媒体产业的发展现状,分析媒体市场的供求关系,研究媒体经营的盈利模式和可持续发展策略。
二、媒介经济学的发展历程媒介经济学的发展与媒体产业的兴起和发展密切相关。
在传统媒介时代,如报纸、广播电视等媒体是主要的信息传播媒介,而经济学的传统理论中并无涉及媒体产业。
但随着新媒体的崛起,如互联网、社交媒体等,媒介经济学逐渐成为学术界关注的焦点。
媒介经济学的发展历程中出现了许多重要理论和模型,如信息、市场、广告等经济学概念在媒介经济学中得到了应用。
三、媒介经济学的核心理论媒介经济学的核心理论主要包括媒体产业组织理论、媒体市场理论、媒体经营理论等。
媒体产业组织理论研究媒体产业的运作和组织结构,主要有传统的垄断理论和新经济学中的定价理论。
媒体市场理论研究媒体市场的供求关系和媒体的竞争状况,主要关注媒体市场的市场结构和市场竞争理论。
媒体经营理论研究媒体经营的盈利模式和可持续发展策略,主要有收入模型、商业模式等理论。
四、媒介经济学的应用媒介经济学的应用涵盖广泛,包括媒体盈利模式研究、媒体运营策略分析、媒体市场竞争状况评估等。
对于考研新闻传播学的学生来说,了解媒介经济学的应用可以帮助他们更好地理解媒体产业的发展趋势和规律,提高他们的专业素养和实践能力。
在考研新闻传播学的复习过程中,有针对性地准备与媒介经济学相关的资料是非常有必要的。
以下是一些值得推荐的复习资料:1.《媒介经济学导论》(作者:李宗):这本书是媒介经济学方面的入门读物,涵盖了媒介经济学的基本概念、理论框架和案例分析,适合考研新闻传播学的学生做为参考资料。
高考复习文学类文本阅读之新闻阅读导学案【学习目标】1. 整理新闻的基本知识,能够陈述考点要求和解题技巧。
2. 通过练习,能够说明题型特点。
3. 依据典型例题,掌握解题技巧,规范答题格式。
4. 通过强化练习,能运用解题技巧并做到规范答题。
考题规律新闻阅读属于新设的考试内容,试题的编制、考查角度,尤其是探究题的命题,还在摸索之中,一般选择内容比较丰富、新闻价值比较突出的消息、通讯、特写、新闻评论等形式的新闻作品作为考试文本,高考选文要求 1200 字左右,通讯和特写的篇幅比较适合,所以应重点关注。
根据考纲的能力要求,新闻阅读主要考查:①迅速、准确地捕捉基本信息,概括其主要内容;②把握文章结构,分析语言特色;③分析新闻文本的文体特征和主要表现手法; ④评价新闻文本的主要观点和作者基本倾向;⑤对新闻文本的写作意图和实效作出评判; ⑥对新闻文本某种特色作深度思考和判断;⑦从不同角度和层面发掘新闻文本的深层意蕴,对文本作多角度多层次解读;⑧探究新闻文本中的疑点和难点,提出自己的见解从近年高考广东卷、山东卷、宁夏卷的考查情况来看,主要有以下方面的特点和趋势:(1) 筛选并整合文中的信息,概括中心思想是考查的基本题型;(2) 分析文本的文体特征和主要表现手法,评价文本产生的社会价值和影响是考查重点;(3)探究文本的疑点和难点,提出自己的见解,对文本作多角度多层次解读是考查的热点和难点【自学指导】一、新闻的含义新闻是对新近已经发生和正在发生、或者早已发生却是新近发现的有价值的事实的及时报道。
新闻有广义、狭义之分。
广义的新闻包括消息、通讯、特写、电视新闻等体裁 ; 狭义的新闻专指消息。
狭义的新闻篇幅短小,可能会在语言运用和表达中有所考查,因此我们应该关注的新闻是指广义的新闻,重点研究其中的通讯、特写两种体裁。
新闻中所用到的材料大致有三种:一是新闻事实,二是背景材料,三是作者的主观评价。
二、新闻的基本特征(一 ) 真实性真实性是新闻的第一要素新闻的真实性应从以下几个方面来衡量:1.准确五要素 ( 时间、地点、人物、事件、原因 ) 必须完全准确真实 ; 对事件的情节描写、数字运用、人物语言以及人物的心理活动、思想变化、感情起伏的介绍也必须准确真实。
专题突破卷06阅读理解之新闻报道最新高考真题1.(2024年新高考II卷)Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read?Yes,we all have our phones,but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.Well,there’s a kiosk(小亭)for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area,at least.“You enter the fare gates(检票口)and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute,or a five-minute story,”says Alicia Trost,the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”It’s that simple.Riders have printed nearly20,000short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories,and some are new original works.Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,”Trost says.“And as of right now,we’ve received about 120submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”Ridership on transit(交通)systems across the country has been down the past half century,so could short stories save transit?Trost thinks so.“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,”she says.And you’ll never be without something to read.1.Why did BART start the kiosk program?A.To promote the local culture.B.To discourage phone use.C.To meet passengers’needs.D.To reduce its running costs.2.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?A.By popularity.B.By length.C.By theme.D.By language.3.What has Trost been doing recently?A.Organizing a story contest.B.Doing a survey of customers.C.Choosing a print publisher.D.Conducting interviews with artists.4.What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?A.It will close down.B.Its profits will decline.C.It will expand nationwide.D.Its ridership will increase.2024年高考模拟真题(2024·辽宁辽阳·模拟预测)Leonardo da Vinci experimented with chemicals while painting some of his representative works—including The Mona Lisa—forming a poisonous layer hidden beneath the celebrated art. Researchers studying a tiny microsample from a corner of the painting found a substance known as plumbonacrite (水白铅矿),a poisonous compound(化合物)formed when oil and lead(Ⅱ)oxide(氧化铅)are mixed together.The Mona Lisa,and many other paintings from the Renaissance era in the early1500s,were painted on wooden panels.These required a thick base layer to enable artists to create their works on top.The most common method was using a substance called gesso,which comes from plaster of Paris,but the presence of plumbonacrite suggests Da Vinci layered his painting with lead white paint,mixed with oil infused(泡)with lead(Ⅱ)oxide.Writing in the Journal of the American Chemical Society,the authors said,“The most remarkable signature in the sample is the presence of plumbonacrite,a rare compound that is stable only in an alkaline(碱性的) environment.Leonardo probably attempted to prepare a thick paint suitable for covering the wooden panel of The Mona Lisa by treating the oil with a high load of lead(Ⅱ)oxide.”It is thought the lead(Ⅱ)oxide may have been used to help the paint applied on top of it to dry.The team reviewed Da Vinci’s writing to find reference to his use of the chemicals,but found only“unclear references”to plumbonacrite.It seems once again the famous scholar was ahead of his time,with the technique only found in other paintings by Rembrandt in e of plumbonacrite at the time seems to have been limited to skin and hair treatment.In addition to The Mona Lisa analysis,the team used high-resolution analytic techniques on17samples from across the surface of The Last Supper and found it also contained the same poisonous base layer. 5.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.A poisonous compound was found in The Mona Lisa.B.Da Vinci created his painting through trial and error.C.Researchers damaged the famous painting while studying it.D.Da Vinci buried some poison under the painting to protect it.6.What did Da Vinci possibly do while painting?A.He used lead to decorate the painting.B.He applied oil to cover the wooden panel.C.He treated skin and hair with plumbonacrite.D.He mixed oil and lead together to create a thick paint.7.Why did the author mention The Last Supper?A.To support the finding above.B.To show how talented Da Vinci is.C.To explain the process of artwork creation.D.To stress the importance of analytical techniques.8.What is the best title for the text?A.Mona Lisa,a Mysterious WomanB.Poisonous Chemicals Help Create ArtworksC.Da Vinci,a Distinguished Painter as Well as a ChemistD.The Mona Lisa Reveals a Poisonous Secret Hidden in the Painting(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)About one in four Americans are physically inactive,according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.But for many of us,physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.It stems from sitting all day at a desk job,driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes. But what if the infrastructure(基础设施)around you gave you the opportunity to move your body without taking extra time out of your day?“An active city would offer you loads of ways to get from A to B,”said Anna Boldina,an architectural researcher and designer who studies active cities at the University of Cambridge in the U.K.“Not only would these active cities be full of variety,but the various elements of an active city also have their own specific benefits: for example,stepping stones improve balanced co-activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on’here and now,’known as a stress relief.”This all sounds great for future city design and planning,but how can we integrate these feature s into existing city infrastructure?“The best way to transform a place into an active city is through small interventions here and there:an extra stepping stone shortcut across the grass or extra log across the rain garden,”Boldina said.“Sometimes it is not about adding;it is about removing.It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.”Of course,if there are always less challenging alternatives available,how can we encourage those who are able to take the more physically active routes?“One of our studies was aimed specifically at encouragement,”Boldina said.The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.“Other factors included playfulness,crossing water,using natural materials and adding handrails for confidence,”added Boldina,whose group is currently working with architects in Cambridge to create such active landscapes. 9.Which of the following best explains“stems from”underlined in paragraph1?A.Relies on.B.Is caused by.C.Mixes with.D.Is changed into.10.What can we learn about active cities?A.They contribute to better health.B.They offer personalized activities.C.They rely on governmental support.D.They generally look like each other.11.What does Boldina think matters when we transform a place into an active city?A.Protecting the local environment.B.Adding a variety of safety equipment.C.Making it easy for people to use.D.Designing as many routes as possible.12.What does Boldina’s study try to find?A.How to motivate citizens to use active routes.B.How to make active routes functional and fun.C.Why citizens have little interest in active routes.D.Why Cambridge can succeed,in adopting active routcs.(2024·黑龙江·二模)A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last week recently received the gift of some old-fashioned Christmas cheer from“Santa Claus”(圣诞老人).In the spirit of Christmas,the Ferrum Volunteer Fire Department delivered presents to the family who lost their home and belongings in a house fire on Thursday.“It was a working structure fire and unfortunately the family lost everything.We as volunteers knew that we couldn’t let this mom and her three kids go through Christmas without anything,”the fire station wrote on Facebook.“Yes,they’re OK but it’s Christmas,right?”The fire station officials delivered Christmas gifts to the mother and her three children the following day at the local church shelter they were staying at,and in photos posted on the site,the children appeared joyful.“We brought gifts and more gifts!The kids were overjoyed and very grateful.”the station said on its post.“They were very happy to see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brought the gifts in,”the department told USA TODAY.The kids received Barbies,Pokémon,artworks,remote control cars,blankets,clothes and shoes.The mother also received a gift card.The Facebook post was flooded with what seemed to be comments from community members touched by the generosity.“The best Christmas gifts are the ones you give!Thank you all for your wonderful service and your big hearts!”one user commented.“So thankful they are alright!We are truly blessed to live in such a giving and helping community,and our fire department and rescue teams are amazing!Great job!So proud!”another user wrote.13.What can we learn from the text?A.The Fire Department provided the family with shelter.B.The volunteers saved some belongings for the family.C.The family went through Christmas in sorrow.D.Receiving a Christmas gift is a traditional joy.14.What’s the comments’attitude towards the fire station?A.Ambiguous.B.Unconcerned.C.Appreciative.D.Sympathetic.15.How does the author develop his idea?A.By giving examples.B.By using quotation.C.By making comments.D.By analysing causes.16.What’s the best title of this article?A.Firefighters or Santa Claus?B.Firefighters Safeguarded UsC.A Fire Brought Gifts D.Love Can Cure(2024·河南新乡·三模)English businessman Richard Branson made history on July11,2021as he and three other crewmates became the world’s first space tourists.The flight was made by a spacecraft named VSS Unity that was built by Branson’s company,Virgin Galactic.The flight lasted slightly more than an hour,and took Branson and crew to an altitude(海拔)of53.5miles above the Earth,just a little above the boundary(边界)of space which lies50miles above the Earth.At that height,the atmosphere turns into the black of outer space and the Earth becomes a bent ball of blue. Travelers also exhibit weightlessness as there is no gravity,the force that keeps our bodies walking on the Earth’s surface.Therefore,Branson and his fellows were able to float around in VSS Unity while enjoying the views. They were able to do that for three minutes before the spacecraft began its downward journey.It landed back at Virgin Galactic’s space port in New Mexico,United States,which is the same place from where it had taken off90 minutes before.On landing back,Branson said,“I have dreamt of this moment since I was a kid but honestly,nothing couldprepare you for the view of the Earth from space.It was just magical.I’m just taking it all in,and it’s unreal.”July11’s flight is the start of space tourism for one and all.In early2022,customers who can afford a ticket for a quarter of a million dollars can line up for a seat on a trip to space.And guess what—they will have a choice of spacecraft.Jeff Bezos,who owns a famous company,is all set to launch himself into space on July20 on board a spacecraft built by his new branch company Blue Origin.Blue Origin will also carry tourists to space. 17.What is Richard Branson famous for?A.His success in tourism.B.His company of Virgin Galactic.C.His spaceship named VSS Unity.D.His first commercial space travel in history.18.What does Branson think of his space travel?A.Unbelievable.B.Adventurous.C.Regrettable.D.Worthless.19.What do space tourists have to do?A.Take a spacecraft of Virgin Galactic.B.Pay$250,000for the rocket tour.C.Pass the fitness test for astronauts.D.Line up for a position in Blue Origin.20.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Humans will move to other livable planets.B.Ordinary people will soon land on the moon.C.Private rocket space travel is growing gradually.D.Some companies abandon their proper business.(2024·浙江·三模)MyHeritage has announced the release of two new AI features which it promises will ‘revolutionise genealogy(系谱学)’research,similar to how ChatGPT revolutionised searching the Internet.The first feature,AI Record Finder TM,is an interactive chatbot that helps family historians find relevant historical records about a person of interest within MyHeritage’s database of20billion records.This free-text chat tool enables users to talk to an intelligent assistant to find information about their ancestors,relatives,or other people who have passed away.In addition to AI Record Finder TM,MyHeritage has also introduced AI Biographer TM,another innovativefeature that automatically generates a narrative biography about an ancestor’s life using information from historical records that match the person.This creates a Wikipedia-like biography,which gives users a complete understanding of their ancestor’s life story.These two new features are integrated,allowing MyHeritage users to create an AI Biography for their ancestors using the AI Record Finder TM.With this integration,users can easily use a conversational AI to search for historical records.This makes it faster and easier to find information about their family members.Gilad Japhet,Founder and CEO of MyHeritage,said of the new features,“We’re constantly pushing the boundaries of genealogy to reinvent the way people can discover their family history as we aim to reshape genealogy in the21st century.Together,these advanced features strengthen MyHeritage’s position as the industry leader for innovative genealogy and continue our mission to make family history easier,more accessible,and more fun for everyone.”AI Record Finder TM is a disruptive feature that simplifies the way people can find information about their ancestors by making the search easier.AI Biographert M turns a person’s life details into a fascinating story.Not all our ancestors were famous,but they all deserve to be remembered!21.What is a typical feature of AI Record Finder TM?A.It updates MyHeritage’s database.B.It generates a narrative biography.C.It narrows down the target information.D.It helps users interact with intelligent people. 22.Which of the following would Gilad Japhet probably agree with?A.That AI genealogy promotes family history creation.B.That the new AI-driven features give way to MyHeritage.C.That MyHeritage spares no effort to advance genealogy.D.That more will be done to strengthen MyHeritage’s position.23.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word“disruptive”in the last paragraph?A.Relevant.B.Pioneering.C.Disturbing.D.Comprehensive.24.What might be the best title for the text?A.MyHeritage Leads in AI GenealogyB.MyHeritage Promises to RevolutioniseC.AI Features:A New Era for GenealogyD.AI Record Finder:Smart Search for Family Histories(2024·黑龙江大庆·模拟预测)“Palace,Mountain,Moon?”has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December25,2023.The photo was taken by Valerio,a young photographer of Turin,Italy.It was shot on the evening of December15,2023.While he knew about NASA’s competition,he hadn’t considered participating until receiving much encouragement from his social media followers.Soon after,he received the message,“Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.”It was incredible!In a photo like this,nothing is left to luck.The concept came to him back in2017.Walking on the hills north of Turin,he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga Palace and Mountain Monviso.After numerous visits over several months,he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right.After pinpointing these locations,he experimented with shooting them at different times.“I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo.The Sun was a no-go,so I turned to the Moon.Its various phases and position s reach an azimuth angle(方位角)of230degrees,”Valerio said.With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases,marked potential dates on the calendar,and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.It was very successful,especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase.This meant that in the photo, not only was its crescent(新月)lit up,but so was the left part,its shadowed side.That part is lit by reflected light, also known as Da Vinci’s glow,named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened.During the early days of the waxing Moon phases,the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon’s shadowed side,giving it a greyish,silvery color. This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well.25.Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA?A.He took an interest in astronomical advances.B.He expected to create an impact on social media.C.He received broad support from enthusiastic fans.D.He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot.26.In Valerio’s photo,the three objects______.A.shine light on each other B.stand in a straight lineC.fit each other in size D.vary from usual in color27.What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo?A.Studying how the Moon phase changes.B.Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance.C.Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle.D.Measuring the height of the observation point. 28.What was lit up by the Da Vinci’s glow?A.The outline of the crescent.B.The outline of Superga.C.The dark side of the Moon.D.The shadowed side of the Earth.(2024·湖北武汉·二模)Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating,including paying to have their names added to a paper.The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices.It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor,job promotions,and salary bonuses.And officials are investigating more than170other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including72listed n the national registry who work at14universities in Peru.The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior.Dishonest publishing practices“transcend mere moral misbehavior”because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth,says Edward Málaga Trillo,a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills,which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year.“These individuals are operating academic cheating.”Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause,some researchers say,is a2014law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output.For example,under a scoring system used by universities,researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal,and two points when the journal is lower impact.A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion.Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious,notes Nahuel Monteblanco,president of Cientificos.pe,a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct.Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject.“If your colleague consistently publishes 20articles a year with co-authors from other countries,that’s highly suspect,”Monteblanco says.29.What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating?A.Fining72offenders for academic dishonesty.B.Disqualifying2scientists from a national registry.C.Punishing170researchers for academic misconduct.D.Withdrawing government fund from14universities.30.Which of the following is closest in meaning to“transcend”in paragraph3?A.Change.B.Strengthen.C.Go beyond.D.Approve of.31.What do we know about the2014law in Peru?A.It advocated a fair scoring system.B.It applied to high-impact journals.C.It led to an increase in false authorship.D.It aimed to punish dishonest publishing.32.The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with_________.A.career promotion B.consistent research focusC.few citations by Punto Final D.co-authors from various countries(2024·云南·二模)A six-month-old corgi being trained to become the first of his breed to work as a police dog in China,made his first public appearance recently at the open day of a police camp in Weifang,Shandong Province.His appearance challenges the stereotype(固有模式)that“little short legs”cannot join the police force.Fu Zai,whose name means“Lucky Boy”,has made waves on social media with his iconic smile,short legs and wagging tail.As a reserve police dog,Fu Zai faces a heavy workload.Training,scheduled for every morning and afternoon,involves a variety of subjects,such as obedience exercises,bomb searches and scent(气味)tracking. He began training when he was two months old and has stood out and outperformed many of his peers.“His strong environmental adaptability,insensitivity,his desire to possess items and his fondness for food are particularly favorable in our training,”said Wang Yanan,head of the police dog base at the Weifang Public Security Bureau.Following four months of training,Fu Zai can now take advantage of his short legs to go beneath cars and easily search tight spaces.He can also improve interactions between police dogs and the public because of his adorable appearance.Fans on social media joked about Fu Zai.One of them wrote,“Corgis can be plainclothes police,for they attract less attention than German Shepherds.”“Police dogs are not only cute,but trainers have made a lot of efforts to train them to be professional,”Wang said.Fu Zai is still a fresh hand and must undergo a period of further training to adapt to complex environment before officially entering service.33.What can be said about the training of Fu Zai?A.It is conducted around the clock.B.It aims at making Fu Zai a guide dog.C.It has proved to be adventurous.D.It involves multiple and challenging tasks.34.What advantage does Fu Zai have as a police dog?A.He is able to shoulder a heavy workload.B.He excels at handling complex environment.C.His short legs enable him to work in narrow places.D.He will attract public attention when he is at work.35.What does Wang Yanan say about the corgi?A.He has some suitable qualities for training.B.He is already a professional police dog.C.His lovable appearance is advantageous.D.His smiles improve interactions with the public.36.What can we infer from the text?A.Fu Zai has served as a police dog for half a year.B.Fu Zai performs well because of his intelligence.C.Fu Zai has been recognized around the world.D.Fu Zai needs further training to be a police dog.(2024·辽宁·模拟预测)Despite extreme cold,cruel ice and being brushed off as mad,Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski non-stop down Mount Everest.After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow,stones and ice,38-yeur-old Kamicar returned to his base camp after five hours of skiing.“I feel only absolute happiness and absolute tiredness,”he said.Due to the severe weather conditions,Kamicar flung himself back down the mountain as soon as he reached the top rather thin have a rest as planned.At one point,he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses(裂缝)that dot the mountain.The descent(下落)had been widely regarded as extremely dangerous.The Darwin Awards website,known for documenting foolhardy deaths,urged people to log on to their website and“keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award”.However,the only body to make the news was the corpse(尸体)of an unknown mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended,one of an estimated120corpses,thought to litter the slopes.“This mountain is always full of surprises.Seeing a dead man out there was still a shocking experience,”he said.Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached,to his safety helmet,hundreds ofthousands of people witnessed the process online,which was one of the record highs ever of more than650,000 hits:The website was once jammed as people tried to access the site.A previous failed attempt had already cost Kamicar two fingers when he got frostbite as a fierce storm hit the peak,Coming from a skiing family and had his first Himalayan skiing expedition in1989,he has been ever since tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions,with Everest as the permanent goal. 37.How did Davo Kamicar make history?A.By skiing down Mount Everest without rest.B.By attracting the largest number of online audience.C.By descending Mount Everest within the shortest time ever.D.By becoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest.38.What does the underlined word foolhardy in paragraph3mean?A.Daring but thoughtless.B.Natural but tragic.C.Peaceful and lonely.D.Slow and heartbreaking.39.What was the most dangerous during Kamicar’s descent?A.His heavy falling off a sheer cliff.B.The sudden appearance of other climbers.C.The unexpected collapse of an icy hillside.D.The sight of120corpses littering the slopes.40.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A.Darwin Award for SurvivorsB.Body of Mountaineer Found on EverestC.Mad Man Skis down EverestD.Extreme Sports Hero Slides to a Record。
高考复习文学类文本阅读之新闻阅读导学案【学习目标】1.整理新闻的基本知识,能够陈述考点要求和解题技巧。
2.通过练习,能够说明题型特点。
3.依据典型例题,掌握解题技巧,规范答题格式。
4.通过强化练习,能运用解题技巧并做到规范答题。
考题规律新闻阅读属于新设的考试内容,试题的编制、考查角度,尤其是探究题的命题,还在摸索之中,一般选择内容比较丰富、新闻价值比较突出的消息、通讯、特写、新闻评论等形式的新闻作品作为考试文本,高考选文要求1200 字左右,通讯和特写的篇幅比较适合,所以应重点关注。
根据考纲的能力要求,新闻阅读主要考查:①迅速、准确地捕捉基本信息,概括其主要内容;②把握文章结构,分析语言特色;③分析新闻文本的文体特征和主要表现手法;④评价新闻文本的主要观点和作者基本倾向;⑤对新闻文本的写作意图和实效作出评判;⑥对新闻文本某种特色作深度思考和判断;⑦从不同角度和层面发掘新闻文本的深层意蕴,对文本作多角度多层次解读;⑧探究新闻文本中的疑点和难点,提出自己的见解从近年高考广东卷、山东卷、宁夏卷的考查情况来看,主要有以下方面的特点和趋势:(1)筛选并整合文中的信息,概括中心思想是考查的基本题型;(2)分析文本的文体特征和主要表现手法,评价文本产生的社会价值和影响是考查重点;(3)探究文本的疑点和难点,提出自己的见解,对文本作多角度多层次解读是考查的热点和难点【自学指导】一、新闻的含义新闻是对新近已经发生和正在发生、或者早已发生却是新近发现的有价值的事实的及时报道。
新闻有广义、狭义之分。
广义的新闻包括消息、通讯、特写、电视新闻等体裁;狭义的新闻专指消息。
狭义的新闻篇幅短小,可能会在语言运用和表达中有所考查,因此我们应该关注的新闻是指广义的新闻,重点研究其中的通讯、特写两种体裁。
新闻中所用到的材料大致有三种:一是新闻事实,二是背景材料,三是作者的主观评价。
二、新闻的基本特征(一)真实性真实性是新闻的第一要素新闻的真实性应从以下几个方面来衡量:1.准确五要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因)必须完全准确真实;对事件的情节描写、数字运用、人物语言以及人物的心理活动、思想变化、感情起伏的介绍也必须准确真实。
2.全面对客观事物进行报道的时候要全面看问题,不能主观片面。
3.深刻新闻要去粗取精,去伪存真,由此及彼,由表及里,不能只看表面现象,为假象所迷惑。
(二)时效性要及时迅速地传达出来以求新鲜、新颖、适时。
消息的时效性要求最高,通讯次之,特写最弱。
(三)语言简明言简意赅,短小精悍,是新闻的语言特征。
三、新闻的分类(一)消息1.概念消息又称简讯、短讯或快讯,是用概括性的叙述方式,简明扼要的文字,迅速及时地报道国内外具有新闻价值的新近发生的事实的一种文体。
它是新闻报道中最简练、最短小的一种。
2.基本特征(1)真:真实准确,有根有据,用事实说话。
(2)新:内容要新、新人新事,从新角度说话。
(3)活:生动活泼,鲜明生动,用形象说话。
(4)短:篇幅短小,中心一个,用重点说话。
3.要素要素又称“五个W”,即:“何时”(When)、“何地”(Where) 、“ 何人”(Who) 、“ 何事”(What) 、“ 何故”(Why)。
这五个“W”与记叙文的五要素是完全一致的。
4.结构一条消息一般由标题、导语、主体、背景、结尾五部分组成。
其中不可缺少的是标题、导语和主体。
消息的结构形式是多样的,常见的有倒金字塔式、金字塔式、倒金字塔式和金字塔式结合、自由式等(1)标题:是消息的眼睛,要在第一时间传达出消息最重要、最吸引人的信息,力求鲜明、概括、准确、生动。
形式有三种,即单行标题、双行标题、三行标题。
完整的消息标题有三行:引题、正题和副题。
引题放在正题前,揭示消息的思想意义或交代消息的背景、说明原因、烘托气氛、引出正题;正题概括说明消息的主要事实和思想内容,是标题的核心;副题放在正题后,揭示结果和内容提要,对正题起着补充说明的作用。
两行标题的形式有:“正题+副题”、“引题+正题”。
拟标题时,标题要注意虚实结合——“实”是指包含有具体新闻事实内容;“虚”是指描绘气氛、揭示意义或点明意图。
一般来说,单行标题必须是实题,双行标题中,必须有一个实题,而“正题+副题”的标题,副题必须是虚题。
(2)导语:消息的第一句话或第一自然段。
它用简明生动的文字,写出消息中最核心的信息,鲜明地揭示消息的主题思想。
导语通常要包含五个:何时、何地、何人、何事、何故、如何。
常见导语类型有:叙述式、描写式、对比式、评论式、提问式、结论式。
(3)主体:紧接在导语之后,它对导语作全面的阐述,具体展开事实或进一步突出中心,实事求是地写出导语所概述的内容。
(4)背景:是指事件的历史背景、周围环境与其他方面的联系等。
一般来说,它是消息的从属部分。
消息背景的种类可分为三大类:对比性背景材料,说明性背景材料,注释性背景材料。
它对于新闻事实的作用主要有以下几点:说明新闻事件的起因;显示或帮助读者理解新闻事件的重要性;突出新闻稿件的新闻价值;表明记者的观点;衬托、深化主题。
(5)结尾:即结语。
它紧扣主题进行抒情、议论,起到表现或深化主题的作用。
语言较为精练。
有小结式、启发式、号召式、分析式、展望式。
并不是所有的消息都有背景和结尾。
(二)通讯通讯是运用叙述、描写、抒情、议论等多种手法,具体、生动、形象地反映新闻事件或典型人物的一种新闻报道形式。
它是记叙文的一种,是报纸、广播电台、通讯社常用的文体。
它比消息更详细、更生动地报道典型人物、典型事件。
一般来说,通讯有五大特点:(1)严格的真实性;(2)报道的客观性;(3)较弱的时间性(相对新闻消息而言);(4)描写的形象性(通讯对新闻事实作较为详细而完整的报道且侧重于写人,突出人物在事件中的能动作用);(5)议论色彩较浓。
一般通讯可分为四类:人物通讯、事件通讯、工作通讯、概貌通讯。
1.人物通讯所谓人物通讯,就是以报道各条战线上的先进人物为主的通讯。
它着重揭示先进人物的精神境界,通过写人物的先进事迹,反映出人物的先进思想,使之成为社会的共同财富。
同时,也报道转变中的人物和某些有争议的人物,以人物为报道对象,着重反映一个人或几个人的思想、言行、事迹,在一个主题贯穿下容纳着相当丰富的人物资料,并以其人物精神面貌感动、教育读者。
2.事件通讯即以写事为主的通讯。
它主要记述事件的发生、发展、结果,交代来龙去脉,介绍具体情况,点明事件的典型意义,体现时代的新气象、新变化。
3.工作通讯即反映贯彻执行党的路线、方针、政策中的成绩,总结实际工作中的经验和教训,或者探讨有争议的亟待解决的问题的报道。
它是报纸上经常用以指导工作的重要报道形式。
它的主要特点有四条:一是把介绍工作经验和分析问题作为主旨;二是凭借事实,深入分析;三是生动活泼,讲究文采;四是不拘一格,形式多样,随笔、散记、侧记、札记、记事均可。
4.概貌通讯概貌通讯又称风貌通讯,它是以反映社会生活、风土人情、自然风光和日新月异的建设成就为主的报道。
概貌通讯与事件通讯不同,它不是围绕一个人物或一个中心事件来写,也不要求写一件事发生、发展的完整过程,而是围绕主题集中各方面的风貌和特色。
(三)访谈访谈是基于某个人、某件事、某个特定问题去访问专家或知情者,请他们对提出的问题进行解答,运用谈话纪实的方式进行报道的文章。
它以记录、传达被采访对象的观点、言论为主,既可以使用问答实录的形式,也可使用被采访者自述的形式,比较灵活。
而访谈札记、访谈随笔、访谈手记等,则偏重于记者或主持人个人在见闻、调查基础上所发感想的记叙。
访谈的主题要深刻,有针对性、时效性、典型性。
访谈的基本结构为:开头、主体、结尾。
开头:吸引对方,引起对方兴趣,积极进入主题。
主体:要有敏锐的眼光,善于发现新问题、新材料、新亮点,准确判断它们所蕴涵的价值。
结尾:适当的总结,表示对访谈对象的感谢,并记录访谈对象个人资料,如姓名、性别、年龄、教育程度、电话号码等。
访谈文体的基本特征从形式上看是由一问一答组成的。
(四)特写特写,是一种以描写为主要手段,截取新闻事实中最富有特征的片段和细节,作形象性的再现与放大的新闻体裁。
特写借用电影拍摄特写镜头的手法,通过形象描绘来再现生活的片段,给读者留下鲜明而深刻的印象。
新闻特写兼具有消息和通讯的某些特征,比如:在报道的具体、细致方面,与通讯比较接近,却比通讯更集中、精练;而在报道的及时、迅速方面则与消息相同,却比消息更形象、生动。
从特写的题材角度出发,可分为四种:(1)人物特写。
以人物为中心,但既不是人物消息,也不是人物通讯,而有些类似于文学作品中的人物素描。
(2)事件特写。
侧重于事件过程的描写,为了写出特点,给读者以深刻印象,一般截取事件的一两个精彩片段或精选一两个场面进行浓墨重彩的描绘。
(3)景物特写。
景物特写跟风貌通讯有些相似,但侧重于对场面的描写。
(4)专题特写。
写一个问题或一种社会现象。
高考选文要求1200 字左右,通讯和特写的篇幅比较适合,所以应重点关注。
【阅读指导】一、整体阅读指导新闻属于记叙文的一种类型,包含了记叙文的基本特点,解读时我们可以借鉴记叙文的阅读方法,但又不能照搬全套。
根据新闻的特点,我们在复习时按照如下六个步骤进行阅读,基本上就能掌握阅读一篇新闻的要点、方法:第一,看清标题信息,揣摩新闻类型。
第二,抓住记叙要素,了解大致内容。
这是由文体特点决定的,因为新闻的内容,无论哪种类型,一般都离不开人物、时间、地点和事情的起因、发展、结果这六个要素。
第三,理清行文线索,分清段落层次。
第四,辨析叙述方式,领会布局特点。
“辨析叙述方式”,即辨析文本主要采用的叙述方式。
消息一般都是采用“倒金字塔”式,这跟一般的记叙文不同。
而通迅的叙述方式就比较灵活多变,有顺叙、倒叙,中间或许还会有插叙、补叙等叙述方法。
这就要求我们阅读时要特别关注。
第五,挖掘中心主旨,理解文本意义。
目的是针对《考纲》当中D 层级的鉴赏评价“评价文本的主要观点和基本倾向”、“评价文本产生的社会价值和影响”和F 层级的探究“从不同角度和层面发掘文本所反映的人生价值和时代精神”这几个考点第六,分析表现手法,以供鉴赏探究。
目的是针对考纲当中C 层级的分析综合“分析文本的文体基本特征和主要表现手法”、D 层级的鉴赏评价“对文本的某种特色作深度的思考和判断”和F 层级的探究“探究文本的某些问题,提出自己的见解”、“从不同的角度和层面发掘文本所反映的人生价值和时代精神”这些考点二、题型分类指导以下是根据《考纲》要求,按照考查的不同考点和题型进行具体的方法指导(一)分析综合类1.筛选并整合文中的信息【题型解说】筛选并整合文中的信息,主要包括信息的筛选和整合两个方面筛选信息,所谓筛选信息,就是根据一定的目的要求,经过辨别把相关的信息提取出来;所谓整合信息,就是根据一定的目的要求,将文中相关的而又分散的信息集中起来,并加以处理。