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艾米丽迪金森诗歌翻译研究作者：蒋萧来源：《校园英语·下旬》2017年第01期【摘要】艾米丽·迪金森及其作品是美国诗歌史上颇具争议的话题，国内外学者关于艾米丽·迪金森诗歌的翻译研究也是历久弥热。
文章以时间为脉络，分析了国内外艾米丽·迪金森诗歌翻译研究状况，同时结合译介学知识，就国内研究者有关艾米丽·迪金森诗歌研究的观点和成果进行了梳理、分析。
【关键词】艾米丽·迪金森诗歌翻译研究艾米丽·迪金森是19世纪美国诗坛乃至美国文学史上最富盛名的女诗人，她也是20世纪英美意向派诗歌的先驱。
艾米丽·迪金森一生离群索居，终身未嫁，因此她又被人们称为“艾默斯特修女”。
艾米丽·迪金森生前默默无闻，她生前发表的几首公开诗也未受到重视，但是她死后却人们誉为经典诗人，人们对她其人及其诗歌的研究热情是长盛不衰。
一个多世纪以来，艾米丽·迪金森研究及其诗歌研究队伍不断壮大，人们对她的诗歌作品的阐述和翻译研究可谓是非常多样化。
一、国外艾米丽·迪金森诗歌翻译研究综述国外艾米丽·迪金森诗歌翻译研究大致可以分为三个阶段：1. 1890—1945年前后时期，研究以走向经典为主。
1890年，希金森和托德合编的艾米丽·迪金森诗选第一辑出版，其后，关于艾米丽·迪金森诗歌的研究日渐火热。
这一时期，人们对艾米丽·迪金森诗歌研究的兴趣点主要集中在三点，分别是发布各种艾米丽·迪金森诗集、书信集和专辑，再就是各种版本的艾米丽·迪金森诗歌集推陈出新，关于迪金森诗歌的评价或积极或严肃，各种版本的诗集和各种声音成功激起了英美评论界对迪金森的关注和敬意，希金森称迪金森为“风格独到的天才”，康德拉.艾肯则称迪金森的诗歌极具“人格之美”，迪金森诗歌的经典地位也因此而奠定。
2. 1955年到20世纪70年代末，迪金森诗歌研究日渐学术化，研究态度趋于严肃。
EmilyDickinsonIheardaFlybuzz--whenIdiedI hear a Fly buzz-- when I diedEmily DickinsonI heard a Fly buzz--when I died--The Stillness in the RoomWas like the Stillness in the Air--Between the Heaves of Storm--The Eyes around--had wrung them dry--And Breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset--when the KingBe witnessed--in the Room--I willed my Keepsakes--Signed awayWhat portions of me beAssignable--and then it wasThere interposed a Fly--With Blue--uncertain stumbling Buzz-- Between thelight--and me--And then the Windows failed--and thenI could not see to see--我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声——当我死时艾米利.狄金森我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声——当我死时房间里，一片沉寂就像空气突然平静下来——在风暴的间隙注视我的眼睛——泪水已经流尽—我的呼吸正渐渐变紧等待最后的时刻——上帝在房间里现身的时刻——降临我已经分掉了——关于我的所有可以分掉的东西——然后我就看见了一只苍蝇——蓝色的——微妙起伏的嗡嗡声在我——和光——之间然后窗户关闭——然后我眼前漆黑一片——Introduction to the PoetEmily Dickinson led one of the most prosaic lives of any great poet. At a time when fellow poet Walt Whitman was ministering to the Civil War wounded and traveling across America—a time when America itself was reeling in the chaos of war, the tragedy of the Lincoln assassination, and the turmoil of Reconstruction—Dickinson lived a relatively untroubled life in her father’s house in Amherst, Massachusetts, where she was born in 1830 and where she died in 1886. Although popular myth often depicts Dickinson as the solitary genius, she, in fact, remained relatively active in Amherst social circles and often entertained visitors throughout her life. However, she was certainly more isolated than a poet such as Whitman: Her world was bounded by her home and its surrounding countryside; the great events of her day play little role in her poetry. Whitman eulogized Lincoln andwrote about the war; Dickinson, one of the great poets of inwardness ever to write in English, was no social poet—one could read through her Collected Poems—1,776 in all—and emerge with almost no sense of the time in which she lived. Of course, social and historical ideas and values contributed in shaping her character, but Emily Dickinson’s ultimate context is herself, the milieu of her mind.Dickinson is simply unlike any other poet; her compact, forceful language, characterized formally by long disruptive dashes, heavy iambic meters, and angular, imprecise rhymes, is one of the singular literary achievements of the nineteenth century. Her aphoristic style, whereby substantial meanings are compressed into very few words, can be daunting, but many of her best and most famous poems are comprehensible even on the first reading. During her lifetime, Dickinson published hardly any of her massive poetic output (fewer than ten of her nearly 1,800 poems) and was utterly unknown as a writer. After Dickinson’s death, her sister discovered her notebooks and published the contents, thus, presenting America with a tremendous poetic legacy that appeared fully formed and without any warning. As a result, Dickinson has tended to occupy a rather uneasy place in the canon of American poetry; writers and critics have not always known what to make of her. Today, her place as one of the two finest American poets of the nineteenth century is secure: Along with Whitman, she literally defines the very era that had so little palpable impact on her poetry.SummaryThe speaker says that she heard a fly buzz as she lay on her deathbed. The room was as still as the air bet ween “the Heaves” of a storm. The eyes around her had cried themselves out, and the breaths were firming themselves for “that last Onset,” the moment when, metaphorically, “the King / Be witnessed—in the Room—.” The speaker made a will and “Signed away / W hat portion of me be / Assignable—” and at that moment, she heard the fly. It interposed itself “With blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—” between the speaker and the light; “the Windows failed”; and then she died (“I could not see to see—”).Form“I heard a Fly buzz” employs all of Dickinson’s formal patterns: trimeter and tetrameter iambic lines (four stresses in the first and third lines of each sta nza, three in the second and fourth, a pattern Dickinson follows at her most formal); rhythmic insertion of the long dash to interrupt the meter; and an ABCB rhyme scheme. Interestingly, all the rhymes before the final stanza are half-rhymes (Room/Storm, firm/Room, be/Fly), while only the rhyme in t he final stanza is a full rhyme (me/see). Dickinson uses this technique to build tension; a sense of true completion comes only with the speaker’s dea th.CommentaryOne of Dickinson’s most famous poems, “I heard a Fly buzz” strikingly describes the mental distraction posed by irrelevant details at even the most crucial moments—even at the moment of death. The poem then becomes even weirder and more macabre by transforming the tiny, normally disregarded flyinto the figure of death itself, as the fly’s wing cuts the speaker off from the light until she cannot “see to see.” But the fly does not grow in power or stature; its final severing act is performed “With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—.” This poem is also remarkable for its detailed evocation of a deathbed scene—the dying person’s loved ones steeling themselves for th e end, the dying woman signing away in her will “What portion of me be / Assignable” (a turn of phrase that seems more Shakespearean than it does Dickinsonian).Edited by Lisa An(reference taken from Sparknotes)。
(美)艾米莉·狄金森的诗15首艾米莉·狄金森1830-1886，美国诗人，生于马萨诸塞州的阿莫斯特(Amherst)。
据称，她是美国文学史上最伟大的诗人之一。
她珠辉玉丽般的独特诗句，凝聚着深厚的情感和创造性的智慧。
她以此独立于19 世纪美国文学的主流之外。
生活迪金森几乎一生都是在她的出生地生活。
她父亲是热心公众事务的著名律师。
他的三个孩子，埃米莉、儿子奥斯汀(Austin)、和另一个女儿拉维尼娅(Lavinia)，这样就有机会见到很多来访的著名人士。
埃米莉·迪金森前后花了六年就读于阿莫斯特学院，和一年时间读圣尤奇山(Mount Holyoky)神学院，过着平常人的生活，充满友谊，聚会，教堂和家务。
在她不到30岁的时候，她开始退出乡村活动，渐渐开始直到完全停止外出。
她与好多朋友通信的同时，却慢慢再也不见面。
她经常逃避来访者，直到最终她在她父亲的房子里过着隐士般的生活。
作为一个成熟女人，她的情感既强烈又敏感，与他人的接触让她感到精疲力尽。
迪金森在退出俗世以前就开始写诗。
在1858年至1862年期间，她的创作达到高峰。
虽然评论家托马斯-温特沃斯-希金森(Thomas Wentworth Higginson)从未真正认识到迪金森的天才，还是给了她好多的鼓励，另外还有海伦-亨特-杰克逊(Helen Hunt Jackson)始终认为迪金森是个伟大的诗人，也给予她很多的鼓励，但是迪金森生平只发表了七首诗歌。
她的生存方式，虽然有限，却让她非常满意，也必不可少。
1886年她死之后，她妹妹拉维尼娅-迪金森在她的写字台里发现了一千多首诗歌。
在一段过长时间里，由于埃米莉-迪金森在爱情的失败后放弃了世界，被当作是浪漫式的人物，而不是严肃的艺术家。
这个传奇式的人物，被以推测为依据，而受到扭曲和捏造，以致至今仍然让为她的传记作家烦忧。
作品迪金森的爱情诗里，有强烈表达的眷恋，已经证明不可能知道谁她的感情对象，也不知道她的诗歌想象成分有多少。
艾米丽迪金森艾米丽迪金森（Emily Dickinson，1830年12月10日- 1886年5月15日）是一位美国著名的诗人，被誉为美国文学史上最重要的女性诗人之一。
她的作品以其独特的风格和思想深度而闻名，被广泛认为是美国现代诗歌的奠基人之一。
艾米丽迪金森出生在马萨诸塞州的阿默斯特市，是一个富裕家庭的长女。
她的父亲爱德华迪金森是一位成功的律师和政治家，她的母亲艾米莉诺诺里斯迪金森是一位贵族出身，有一定的文化修养。
艾米丽在一个充满爱与关怀的家庭环境中长大，她的父母鼓励她追求知识和表达自己的想法。
这对她后来的创作产生了深远的影响。
然而，尽管艾米丽的家庭环境对她的创作有利，她却很少外出社交，几乎没有接触外界的文化和知识。
她从小就倾向于独处和沉思，大部分时间都呆在家里阅读和写作。
这种独特的生活方式塑造了她独特的创作风格和思想深度。
她的诗歌主题包括生命、死亡、爱情、自然和宗教等，超越了传统的文学和社会框架，表达了她对生命和宇宙的深刻思考和个人经历的独特见解。
艾米丽的诗歌经常使用简短的句子和奇特的押韵和节奏，她将复杂的思想和情感用简单而直接的方式表达出来。
她的诗歌语言简洁明了，但却蕴含着丰富的意象和象征。
她以她的独特的方式描绘了美国农村的自然景观，通过观察和思考自然界，她表达了她对宇宙和人类存在的认识和思考。
她的诗歌中也经常出现对死亡的思考，她将死亡视为一种反映和源泉，而不是终点。
这种对生命和死亡的探索使她的诗歌充满了哲学和宗教的意味。
虽然艾米丽的诗歌在她生前几乎没有得到公开发表，但她在家人和朋友之间广泛传播，受到高度赞赏。
直到她去世后，她的诗集被发现并出版，才开始被认为是一个杰出的诗人。
她的作品引起了广泛的关注和赞赏，被誉为美国文学史上的经典之作。
艾米丽迪金森对现代诗歌的影响是深远的。
她以独特的创作风格和思想深度打破了传统的文学和社会框架，开创了一种新的诗歌表达方式。
她的诗歌不仅带给人们审美的愉悦，更引发了对生命、死亡、爱情和宇宙的深入思考。
