12复合句专题-2022年“超细”中考英语语法专题
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第二部分 句类语法
复合句(pound Sentences)
Diligence result in success.
成功源于勤奋
必考考点1:宾语从句
◇B宾从
①宾语从句的概念
[宾语从句]即指在[主从复合句]中用作[宾语]的从句。[宾语从句]的[词序]要用[陈述语序]
·I don’t know what does he want.(×)
·I don’t know what he wants.(√)
巧思:什么是[陈述语序]?
①[陈述语序]是指[陈述句的语序]:[主语 + 谓语 + (其他)]
a. [主语]指:[名词]、[代词]、[动名词]和其他可以作[主语]的成分
如:Apple He Doing Five
b. [谓语]指:[(情态动词)] + [(助动词)] + [实义动词]部分(带括号的可以没有)
②[宾语从句]的[陈述语序]是指:
a. [引导词] + [主语] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:I asked what he need. 我问他需要什么。
b. [引导词] + [名词] + [主语] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包。
c. [引导词] + [谓语] + [(其他)]:[引导词]作[主语]
如:I don’t know who likes you. 我不知道谁喜欢你。
②宾语从句的引导词
a. 用[that]引导:[that]只起[引导词]作用,不充当[句子成分],也没有[词义],且通常可以[省略] ·We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。
·He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
b. 用[if]或[whether]引导:[if]和[whether]引导[宾语从句],不充当[句子成分],词义为“是否”
·I don’t know if/whether he will e. 我不知道他是否会来。
·She asked if/whether that was enough. 她问那是否够了。
巧思:[if]和[whether]用法上有什么区别?
①相同点:[if]和[whether]常用在[ask], [wonder], [want to know], [can/could you tell me]之后
②不同点:只能用[whether]不能用[if]的情况:
a. 在[介词]之后
如:I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
我在想我们是否应该去钓鱼。
b. 在动词[不定式]之前
如:They asked me whether to go skating.
他们问我是否去滑冰。
c. [宾语从句]提前
如:Whether he can e or not, I don’t know.
他能不能来,我不知道。
d. 句尾有[or not]时
如:I don’t know whether he can e or not.
我不确定他能不能来。
c. 用[连接代词]引导:常见的有[what], [who], [whom], [which], [whose]等
·Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。
·She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。
c1. [what]引导[宾语从句]时,有时表示“什么”,有时表示“……所……的”
·I wondered what his name is. 我好奇他的名字是什么。
·I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
巧思:[who],[whose],[which]在[宾语从句]的特别用法?
①[who]在[宾语从句]中有两种用法: a. 作[宾语从句][宾语]成分:[who] + [主语] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:I don’t know who he is. 我不知道她是谁。
b. 作[宾语从句][主语]成分:[who] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:I know who broke the window. 我知道谁打碎了玻璃。
②[whose]在[宾语从句]中有两种用法:
a. 作[宾语从句][形容词性物主代词]引导词:[whose] + [名词] + [主语] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:Tell me whose book this is. 告诉我这是谁的书。
b. 作[宾语从句][名词性物主代词]引导词:[whose] + [主语] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:Ask Lily whose it is. 温莉莉它是谁的。
③[which]在[宾语从句]中有两种用法:
a. 作[宾语从句][主语]成分:[which] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:Do you know which is better? 你知道哪一个比较好吗?
b. 作[宾语从句][引导词]成分:[which] + [名词] + [主语] + [谓语] + [(其他)]
如:Can you help me choose which book I should buy as a present?
你能帮我选一下作为礼物的书吗?
d. 用[连接副词]引导:如[when], [how], [where], [why]等
·He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
·I can’t teel you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你为什么她哭。
③宾语从句与形式宾语it
当[宾语从句]后跟有[宾语补足语]时,通常在[宾语从句]处使用[形式宾语][it],而将真正的[宾语从句]移至[句末]
·I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
·He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married.
他还没宣布他何时结婚。
④宾语从句与否定转移
当[动词][think], [believe], [expect], [imagine]后接一个表示[否定]意义的[宾语从句时],其[否定]通常转移到[主语]
·I think he won’t leave. → I don’t think he will leave.
我认为他不会离开 ⑤宾语从句的时态
a. [主句]用[一般现在时],[现在进行时]和[一般将来时]等时态时:[从句]根据需要选用时态
·I want to know what time he got up this morning.
我想知道他今早什么时间起的床。
b. [主句]用[过去的时态]时:[从句]用相应的[过去时态]
·Kates said there was a box under the desk.
凯特说桌子下面有一个箱子。
c. [从句]说明的是[一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言]等时:[从句]仍用[一般现在时]
·He said the sun rises from the east. 他告诉我太阳从东边升起。
巧记:[宾语从句][时态]的记忆口诀:
主现从随意
主过从过
必考考点2:状语从句
◇Z状从
本部分内容详细请看《初中语法专题—连词专题》,此处只做简单介绍
①状语从句的含义
用[从属连词]连接的句子,称为[状语从句]
②基本的从属连词
时间 when 当……时候;while 正当……时;after 在……之后;before 在……之前;until 直到……为止;as soon as 一……就
条件 if 如果;unless 除非,如果不;in case 万一;once 一旦
让步 though/although 尽管;even though/if 即使
原因 because 因为;since 既然;as 由于
结果 so/such... that 如此……以至于
②状语从句的结构
主句 + 从属连词 + 从句(从属连词前可以有逗号)
从属连词 + 从句 + 主句(从句和主句之间可以有逗号) 如:Many diets fail because they are boring.
Though she was tiny, she had a very loud voice.
选考考点:定语从句(基础版)
◇D定从
①定语从句的概念
[定语从句]即指在[主从复合句]中用作[定语]的从句。
·That’s Mary who I appreciated. 那是我崇拜的玛丽。
②定语从句的结构:[先行词] + [引导词] + [从句]
·This is a man who I met yesterday.
先行词 引导词 从句
③定语从句的引导词
a. 当[先行词]是指[人]时:[that], [who], [whom], [whose]都可以作为[引导词]
a1. [that]作[引导词],先行词是[人],且[that]在从句中充当[主语]或[宾语]成分
a1. [who]作[引导词],先行词是[人],且[who]在从句中充当[主语]或[宾语]成分
·He is a man who/that got married with Mary.
[who/that]在从句作[主语]:Man got married with Marry.
·He is Mr. Li who/that I happened to meet at the airport yesterday.
[who/that]在从句作[宾语]:I happened to meet Mr. Li ……
a2. [whom]作[引导词],先行词是[人],且[whom]在从句中充当[宾语]成分
·Xiao Ming invites Lily to his party with whom he made friends in summer camp.
[whom]在从句作[宾语]:he made friends with Lily…
a3. [whose]作[引导词],先行词是[人],且[whose]在从句中充当[定语]成分
·Do you know that guy whose name is Atom.
[whose]在从句作[定语]:guy’s name is Atom.
b. 当[先行词]是指[物]时:[that], [which], [whose]都可以作为[引导词]
b1. [that]作[引导词],先行词是[物],且[that]在从句中充当[主语]或[宾语]成分