6.4.1 量词范围

6.4.1 量词范围量词（quantifiers）不是一种词类，而是血多与量词有关的词和短语，它们包含：1）许多与数量有关的代词和限定词，如some，any，much，any等。

2）各种数词，如two，half，a third，80%等。

3）名词和of构成的表数量的短语，如a lot of，plenty of等。

4）某些与数量有关的形容词，如enough，whole，half等。

5）某些与数量有关的名词，如feet，miles，years，dozen等。

6）某些与数量有关的合成词，如a five-dollar bill，a 6-page summary等。

7）某些与数量有关的的所有格，如two months’ stay，four weeks’ notice等。

下面将简要地加以处理。

6.4.2 与数量有关的代词和限定词1）有很多作定语的代词和限定词，特别是不定代词和相关限定词，可用来表示数量：How much rent do you pay?Few words are best.Many hands make light work.This might sever several purposes.2)这类代词也可作主语、宾语等，表示数量：a. 主语：most of the people have fled.None of us are surprised.Many a little makes a mickle.b. 宾语或介词宾语：he ate a little before going out.I don’t know much about psychology.A friend to all is a friend to none.有关这类词，详见5.6.5-5.7.76.4.3 由“名词+of”构成的量词1）这类量词为数很多，他们都加在所修饰词前面：A lot of people have the same experience.I have lived here quite a number of years.She had plenty of imagination.We need a sufficient amount of flour.A good many of them are beginners.He lost a great quantity of blood.We walked a couple of miles.She had a heap of trouble.I have a ton os work to do before I leave.She bears a load of anxiety.I’ve a mass of things to see to this morning.有些这类名词可用复数形式，强调数量之多：Numbers of people came to the meeting.We’ve had qu antities of rain this summer.I’ve got tons of letters to write.She bought lots of food.That man seems to have heaps of money.There are masses of people in the hall.2)有些这类词表示“少量的”：She is just out to do a bit of shopping.He put a pinch of salt in his soup.She has a touch of cold.A dash of vinegar might help the salad.Have a spot of tea.There’s not a shred of evidence that he took the money. There is a grain of truth in his assertion.There was a trace of jealousy in her voice.There is not a speck of truth in his claim.Will you have a drop of brandy?3)有些这类量词与形状有关：I need a ball of string.He was suching as stick of toffee.The president was surrounded by a ring of bodyguards. There is a strip of sticky tape round the lid.A shaft of sunlight bringtened the room.Elli brought a bunch of flowers.A thread of light emerged from the keyhole.A goat has a tuft of hair on its chin.A wall of fire stood before them.There was a gush of blood as his wound re-opened.A loud gust of laughter came from the next room.The fountain sent up a jet of water.Streams of people were coming out of the railway station. She attacked him with a torrent of abuse.A shower of stones greeted him.Clouds of smoke rose from the bombed city.There might still be a ray of hope.She has a mountain of dirty clothes to wash.4)还有不少量词表示一群人（a）或动物（b）：a. a group of students asked to se the principal.The discovery was made by a team of scientists.A gang of workers were repairing the road.You’re behaving like a bunch of idiots.A company of travelers are expected to arrive soon.A troupe of acrobat entertained them.We met a host of students.A strange collection of people attended the party. She’s always surrounded by swarms of photographers.A pack of angry shoppers demanded their money back.b. a flock of sheep blocked the road.The lion was chasing a herd of deer.A pack of hounds chased the fox.We saw a pride of lions resting by the stream.A swarm of locusts destroyed the crop. Electronic detectors tracked down school of fish.A flight of ducks passed overhead.A cloud of mosquitoes came over.5)还有许多这类量词与容器有关：A bottle of beer a box of chocolateA can of soup a bowl of riceA cup of tea a basket of fruitA bucket of water a sack od cornA bag of toffees a ctate of bananasA slass of fruit juice a mug of milkA packet of cigarettes a pot of jamA spoon of sugar atube of toothpasteA barrel of oil a carton of yoghurtA jar of marmalade a pack of gumA plate of beer a package of detergent有些名词后可加冠词尾-ful来表示数量：A spoonful of vinegar a basketful of peachesA handful of raisins a mouthful of foodAn armful of flowers a houseful of guestsA busful of children a roomful of antiques6.4.4 一些与数量有关的词1）一些与数量有关的形容词：有不少形容词与数量无关：The thesis was about two hundred pages long. The tree is hundred feet tall.The road is 8 meters wide.The lake there is eight feet deep.The river is 30 feet broad.The river is 30 feet broad.The outer wall is twelve feet thick.The building is over thirty stories high.2)一些与数量有关的名词：a. 有许多单位名称经常和数词连用表示数量：it weighs over 200 kilos.The temperature rose ten degrees.There are sixteen ounces in one pound.A pint of liquid is about four cupfuls.Will two yards of dress material be enough?It travels thousands of miles per second.b.也有些名词和in连用，表示数量：the snow is two feet in depth.He was about five in height.The island is only 4 square kilometers in area. The river is thirty miles in length.The parcel is 2 pounds in weight.The room is 12 feet in width.3)也有一些表示数量的：a. 合成词：a ten-dollar bill a two-page summarya 5-storyed house 4 per cent interestper-mu yield per capita wagea 44-hour week a four fold increaseb. 名词所有格：a week’s wage two weeks’ noticea day’s journey ten years’ experiencean hour’s drive six months’ leave.。