数控车床刀架及其液压系统的设计设计

设计与制造　

・机械研究与应用・　

多工位数控转塔动力刀架设计　

郑申，张瑞乾　（北京信息科技大学，北京１００１９２）　

摘要：多工位数控转塔动力刀架是精密数控车削中心的核心功能部件。根据精密数控车削中心的研发要求，设计　了一种电液结合控制的多工位转塔动力刀架。该刀架依靠伺服电机和液压系统完成离合和转位控制，利用　高精度鼠牙盘进行精确定位。它能有效搭栽１２把动力刀具，搭载的刀具由伺服电机提供动力，根据刀具类型　的不同，可以实现车、铣等多种加工。其特点是刀具转位速度快，分位精度高，重复精度高，可靠性强。　关键词：转塔刀架；鼠牙盘；液压系统　中图分类号：ＴＧ５１　文献标识码：Ａ　文章编号：１００６—４４１４（２０１０）０５—００８４—０３　Ｔｈｅ　ｄｅｓｉｇｎ　ｏｆ　ｍｕｌｔｉ．．ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ　ＮＣ　ｔｏｏ１．．ｈｏｌｄｅｒ　ｔｕｒｒｅｔ　

Ｚｈｅｎｇ　Ｓｈｅｎ，Ｚｈａｎｇ　Ｒｕｉ—ｑｉａｎ　（Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ　ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ　ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ　ａｎｄ　ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ　ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ　１００１９２，Ｃｈｉｎａ）　Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｍｕｌｔｉ—ｓｔａｔｉｏｎ　ｔｕｒｒｅｔ　ｉｓ　ａ　ｋｅｙ　ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　ｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ　ＣＮＣ　ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ　ａｎｄ　ｍｉｌｌｉｎｇ　ｍａｃｈｉｎｉｎｇ　ｃｅｎｔｅｒ．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ　ｏｆ　ｄｅｓｉｇｎｉｎｇ　ａｎ　ＣＮＣ　ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ　ｃｅｎｔｅｒ，ａ　ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏ—ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃ　ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ　ｏｆ　ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ　ｍｕｌｔｉ—ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ　ｔｕｒｒｅｔ　ｉｓ　ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ．Ｔｈｅ　ｔｕｒｒｅｔ　ｕｓｅｓ　ｓｅｒｖｏ　ｍｏｔｏｒｓ　ａｎｄ　ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃ　ｓｙｓｔｅｍ　ｔｏ　ｇｏ　ｏｎ　ｃｌｕｔｃｈｉｎｇ　ａｎｄ　ｓｈｉｆｔｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｏｏｌ　ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ．ａｎｄ　ＵＳｅｓ　ｈｉｇｈ　

咖　卫．．　；墨．　Ｊ圜　

机床六工位转塔动力刀架的设计　

福建铁路机电学校　（福州３５００１３）　苏晓晖　

针对孔的加工工艺特点，笔者设计了一种转塔动力　

刀架，可同时安装多把刀具。工件在一次安装中，通过　

刀架的自动转位，多把刀具能分别对零件进行钻、扩及　

铰等加工，在提高被加工零件加工精度的同时，还可提　

高生产效率和工人操作的安全性，继而为企业节约了生　

产成本和机械维修维护的费用。　

１．设计要求　

转塔动力刀架要求动作平稳，转位准确，回转分度　

误差≤±３”，刀架能根据需要自动转位，并在转位后提　

供动力驱动主轴转动。根据这些情况设计的六工位转塔　

动力刀架，可安装在组合机床及卧式车床上使用。　

２．设计方案　

（１）抬起机构抬起机构由一个非标件的液压缸来　

完成上刀架的抬起和下降动作。液压缸进油时，液压油　

压力使得上刀架随同液压缸抬起，接到转位结束的信号　

后，卸去油压，在碟形弹簧的压力和自重的作用下，上　

刀架下降。　

（２）转位机构上刀架的转位依靠一非标件的６Ｏ。　

扇形液压缸完成。液压缸的一端进油推动扇形活塞摆　

动，带动中间轴抬起缸活塞及上刀架完成６０。旋转，回　

转分度误差≤±３”。　

（３）夹紧机构上刀架靠碟形弹簧的预紧力和自重　

分力作用在上刀架和下刀架的结合锥面上，形成夹紧　

力。　

（４）行程限位机构行程限位机构给动力刀架提供　

下一个动作信号，使其按照既定的动作流程做出反应。　

（５）液压系统两个液压缸和相应的阀组成了动力　

刀架的液压系统，提供抬起和转位的动力。　

（６）密封系统保证液压油的压力，并防止外界污　

染物进入。　

由这六个部分和电动机及传动件组成的转塔动力刀　架（见图１），完成抬起、转位、落下、夹紧四个转位　

换刀动作和加工。其动作流程图如图２所示。　

／ｊ　１『／　／　

４　ＪＬ　＿　＼　ｌ／　

由—呻　一　

图ｌ转塔动力刀架布局　１．主轴２．上刀架３．下刀架４底架５带传动箱６．电动机　

匦　堰圈《　

—匦　鲞羹｝：４　靠　二　

摘 要

本文主要对数控加工中心自动换刀系统及控制系统进行设计。传统的普通车床换刀的速度慢、精度不高，生产效率效率低，不能适应现代化生产的需要。因此。本文对普通机床的换刀装置进行改进，对一台四工位的立式自动回转刀架进行数控化设计，该装置具有自动松开、转位、精密定位等功能。新的数控换刀装置功能更强，可靠性更稳定，功率增大，结构简单，维修方便。

关键字：四工位立式刀架 自动回转 主传动部件 电气控制

目录

第一章 引言„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

1.1数控车床自动回转刀架概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

1.2设计研究内容„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

1.3研究实际社会意义和应用效果„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

1.4小结„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4

第二章 总体机构设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4

2.1减速传动机构的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4

2.2上刀体锁紧与精定位机构的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5

2.3刀架抬起机构的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5

第三章 主要传动部件的设计计算„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7

3.1蜗杆副的设计计算„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6

3.2 蜗杆的设计计算„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13

第四章 电气控制部分的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15

4.1 硬件电路的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15

4.2 控制软件的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15

第五章 刀架常规故障分析和排除„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„18

5.1 刀架不能启动„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„19

摘要

现代数控机床是未来工厂自动化的基础。数控化设计范围大、潜力大、投资少、见效快，促进制造业技术进步的重要手段。因此，数控系统设计车床的研究具有重要意义。

本文在叙述了数控技术的历史、现状和发展的基础上，通过机床设计的总体思想，提出了数控化设计的技术方案和新数控系统的选型配置方案;提高了传动的精度，重新设计机床的控制逻辑，通过对伺服系统的分析，完成了机床各主要参数的优化和匹配。

关键词：Φ630mm，数控车床，机床，设计，数控系统。

Abstract

Modern CNC machine tools is the basis for the future of factory automation. CNC design

range, potential is great, less investment, quick effect, promote manufacturing industry

technological progress is an important means of. Therefore, the design of NC system for lathe

has important significance to the research of.

This paper describes the CNC technology history, current situation and development on the

basis of machine tool design, through the overall idea, put forward the technical scheme design

of NC and CNC system selection scheme; the drive to improve the accuracy, to design machine