人教版英语必修三

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人教版英语必修三

Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 重难点

Teaching aims:

1. Enable students to improve their listening skills and reading ability.

2. Enable students to understand the development of gravity and how gravity affects

us in different times and places.

3. Arouse students’ interest to search for the mystery of space.

Emphasis:

1. Words and expressions: gravity, float, cheer up, now that, break out, etc

2. Astronomic knowledge like gravity and black hole.

Difficulties:

1. Help the students to understand the development of gravity.

2. Help the students to know how gravity influences us.

Teaching methods: skimming, scanning, discussing.

Teaching aids: a tape recorder, a projector and a computer.

【词汇识记】

1.太阳系solar system 2.及时,总有一天 in time

3.阻止,制止prevent from 4.依靠,信赖depend on

5.感到高兴cheer up 6.既然,由于now that

7.蔓延spread 8.一般而言generally speaking

9.坚固的solid 10. 作一次太空旅行make a trip into space

11.熟悉,掌握get the hang of 12.突发,爆发break out

13.增多,使繁殖multiply 14.大气层,气氛atmosphere

15.消失,经过go by 16.与„不同be different from

17.冷却cool down 18.失重地weightlessly

19.全球变暖global warming 20.地心引力gravity

【单词用法】

1、multiply (数目上)增加,增多;乘;(使)繁殖

【经典例句】1) Our problems have multiplied since last year.

2) 2 and 5 multiply to make 10.

3) 6 multiplied by 5 is 30. = Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30.

4) The plants here multiply rapidly.

2、encourage 鼓舞;促进;怂恿。后接名词、代词,也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如:

High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming. 玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。

【经典例句】My success encouraged me to continue. 我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。

He encouraged me to learn dancing. 他鼓励我去学跳舞。

3、development

(1)[U]成长,发育;发展(过程);扩展

【经典例句】The development of this industry will take several years. 这项工业的发展要经过几年的时间。 (2)[C]开发区, 新社区

a new housing development 新建住宅区

(3) [C]进化,进展;新情况,新闻

What are the latest developments?

【经典例句】The use of computers in teaching is a recent development.教学上使用计算机是新近才有的事.

4、atmosphere [' tm sfI ] n.大气层;气氛

atmo-(空气,蒸汽) + sphere(球,球体),大气层是个充满空气的球体。

【经典例句】The exciting atmosphere of the football match held my breath.

足球比赛的紧张气氛让我大气不敢出。

1)同根词:hemisphere (hemi-半) 半球体、半个球;(地球或天体的)半球。

如:The Northern Hemisphere is the part of the world north of the equator,and the

Southern Hemisphere is south of the equator.北半球是地球赤道以北的部分,南半球是赤道以南的部分。

2)该词可引申为“气氛”,即对某一环境的感受。

如: In a bar or a cafe,usually there is a very cozy atmosphere.在酒吧或咖啡厅里,往往都有一种非常温馨的气氛。

Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来强。

5、violent ['vaI l nt]  adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的

vi-(力量)+ olent(香味的,有气味的)violent(猛烈的),香味很浓烈。

【经典例句】 The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。

1)其基本词义:显示巨大力量的,以巨大力量行动的,或由巨大力量产生的,如:a violent

attack猛烈的进攻

2)由其基本词义引申至“具有或表现为巨大感情的力量的”,如:violent dislike极其的厌恶

3)该词常常可以修饰一些极端的词,

如:violent pain极度痛苦;a violent death横死、暴死

4)该词的名词形式为violence,副词是violently。

6、solid ['s lId]  adj. 固体的;坚固的 n.固体;立体

so+ lid (盖子),“盖子”都是“固体的”。

【经典例句】 He is a man with good solid flesh on him.他是一个肌肉结实的人。

1)注意物质的三种形态:固体、液体、气体,分别是solid,liquid,gas。solid,liquid既可以作形容词,也可以作名词,gas不能作形容词。

2)solid还可以指“质密的、紧密的、结实的”。如:The new office building is a very

solid construction.新建的写字楼非常坚固。该词还可引申为“可靠的”。如:solid facts可靠的事实。另一个用法也必须掌握,solid还可以意为“相当可观的”,如:a solid meal丰盛的饭菜。

7、explode [Iks'pl d] vi.& vt.(使)爆炸;爆发

ex(由„„出来)+p+lode(复成矿),随便“挖”(ex-)“矿”(lode)容易引起“爆炸”。

【经典例句】 The boiler exploded and a big fire ensued.锅炉爆炸了,随着而来的就是一场大火。

1)同义词或词组:blow up意为“爆炸、炸毁 ”,如:blow up the bridge把桥炸毁;burst意为“爆裂、爆发(尤指含有液体的东西)”;erupt意为“(尤指火山)爆发、剧烈活动”。 2)explode也可以作及物动词。如:

The children exploded three firecrackers.孩子们燃放了三个爆竹。

3)作不及物动词表示“带着声响粉碎”。如:

I threw the vase on the floor and it exploded into tiny pieces.

我把花瓶扔到了地板上,花瓶砰地一声摔个粉碎。

4)表示“突发、发作”,常常含有剧烈的意味。如:

My neighbor exploded in rage at the trespassers.我的邻居对闯入者勃然大怒。

8、planet ['pl nIt] n.行星

plan (计划)+et 

【经典例句】 It is said that a tenth planet has been discovered by American scientists.据说美国科学家又发现了第十颗行星。

1)各种星星的英文称呼:star恒星,planet行星,satellite卫星,comet彗星,meteoroid流星体。

2)planet等虽是天体,但宇宙中不止一个planet,所以前面不一定要用定冠词。如:The earth

is a planet.地球是一个行星。

9、harmful ['hα mf l] adj. 有害的;伤害的

harm(伤害)+-ful(形容词后缀)

【经典例句】 Smoking can be harmful to your health.工员吸烟对身体有害。

1)反义词:harmless意为“无害的”;介词搭配常用to,如:be harmful to。

2)名词形式harm及由其构成的短语有:do no harm无害;do sb.harm=对„„有害;do

sth.harm 对„„有害;do harm to sb.对„„有害;do harm to sth.对„„有害;mean no

harm没有恶意;

harm也可以用作动词,表示损害;对„„有害处。如:

I have never harmed anybody.我从未伤害过任何人。

10、spread [spred] vi.&vt.伸展;展开;传播

sp+read(读;有学问的)

【经典例句】 The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。

1)近义词:unfold意为“打开,显露,开展”;extend意为“扩充,延伸,伸展”。

2)spread既可以是及物动词也可以作不及物动词。如:

The bird spread its wings.这只鸟张开了翅膀。(及物动词)