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2012年全国与各地高考英语分类精品解析系列简介单项选择题分类解析系列专题01单项选择题分类解析〔冠词、名词和主谓一致〕专题02单项选择题分类解析〔代词〕专题03单项选择题分类解析〔介词和介词短语〕专题04单项选择题分类解析〔形容词和副词〕专题05单项选择题分类解析〔动词和动词短语〕专题06单项选择题分类解析〔动词的时态和语态〕专题07单项选择题分类解析〔情态动词和虚拟语气〕专题08单项选择题分类解析〔非谓语动词〕专题09单项选择题分类解析〔定语从句〕专题10单项选择题分类解析〔连词和状语从句〕专题11单项选择题分类解析〔名词性从句〕专题12单项选择题分类解析〔特殊句式〕专题13单项选择题分类解析〔交际用语〕完形填空题分类解析系列专题01记叙文完形填空专题02夹叙夹议完形填空阅读理解题分类解析系列专题01人物传记、故事类阅读理解专题02新闻报道、广告类阅读理解专题03社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解专题04科普类阅读理解专题05新题型阅读理解书面表达题分类与选择讲评专题01书面表达题分类与选择讲评〔文字提纲式〕专题02书面表达题分类与选择讲评〔图画式〕专题03书面表达题分类与选择讲评〔开放式〕1.(2012课标卷)23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step 〞A. has shownB. is showingC. showsD. showed【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。
上下文讲的是哲理性的话，上文用的是一般现在时，下文回答时也用同样时态。
不要受“Granny used to say〞的影响，因为是直接引语。
句意：奶奶过去常常说：生活就像在雪地中行走，因为每一步都能看见。
2.(2012课标卷)33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and thenumbersbefore my eyes.A. swim B .swum C. swam D. had swum3.(2012大纲卷)14.—Did you ask Sophia for help ?—I ________ need to. I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldn’tB. don’tC. didn’tD. won’t【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。
![2012届高考英语语法精讲精练-动词的时态和语态[教师版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/2bedba176edb6f1aff001fe1.png)
2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。
设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。
主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。
英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的有十一种。
见下表：（一）一般现在时1.表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用行为动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other.2.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态的限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.1.表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，只用一般现在时；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
2.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中有时可以用shall或will表“意愿”，不表示时态；I’ll go there after I finish my work.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.3.以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
（二）一般过去时1.过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。
2.表达过去发生的动作We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。
强化训练一、用所给动词的正确形式填空1．(2010年全国卷Ⅰ)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?—No，I________(do) my homework all day yesterday.2．(2010年全国卷Ⅰ)The workers________ (pack)the glasses and marked on each box “This Side UP”．3．(2010年安徽卷)—Why is the light still on in your office?—Sorry.I________ (turn) it off at once.4．(2010年安徽卷)—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?—NO，I ________ (read)the book，so I already knew the story.5．(2010年北京卷)—I'm not finished with my dinner yet.—But our friends________(wait)for us.6．(2010年北京卷)—I'm sorry，but I don't quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?—Sorry，I________ (not make)myself clear.We want to return on October 20.7．(2010年北京卷)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________(do)for me.8．(2010年海南卷)He told me he________ (arrive)on Monday morning，but he never appeared.9．(2010年湖南卷)I walked slowly through the market，where people________(sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.10．(2010年湖南卷)I'm tired out.I________(shop)all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.11．(2010年江苏卷)—Peter，where did you guys go for the summer vacation?—We________(be) busy with our work for months，so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.12．(2010年江西卷)Mother wanted to be a good provider，a role she________(shoulder)since her marriage to Father.13．(2010年全国卷Ⅱ)Excuse me.I________(not realize)I was blocking your way.14．(2010年四川卷)—When shall we restart our business?—Not until we________(finish)our plan.15．(2010年浙江卷)For many years，people________(dream) of electric cars.However，making them has been more difficult than predicted.16．(2010年重庆卷)The book has been translated into thirtylanguages since it________(come)on the market in 1973.17．—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?—Terry？Never！She ________ (hate)tents and fresh air.18．(2010年辽宁卷)—Have you got any job offers?—No.I ________ (waiting)．19．(2010年江西卷)—Do you think we should accept that offer?—Yes，we should，for we ________ (have)such bad luck up till now，and time ________(run) out.20．(2010年北京卷)In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the “r” sounds at the end of the words________(drop)．21．(2010年海南卷)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________(made)．22．(2010年上海卷)The church tower which________(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.23．(2010年四川卷)You've failed to do whatyou________(expect)to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.24．(2010年重庆卷)The palace caught fires three times in the last century，and little of the original building________(remain)now.二、完成下列句子1．—Come on in，Peter.I want to show you something.—Oh，how nice of you！I__________________________(没想到你会给我带礼物)．2．—Have you moved into the new house?—Not yet.The rooms ______________ (在油漆)．3．—Hey，look where you are going?—Oh，I'm terribly sorry ____________________(我没注意)．4．All the preparations for the task______________ (已完成)，and we're ready to start.5．With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ______________(被冲走) each year.6．The text is too long and___________________________________________________________ _____________(太难理解)．7．Do you think the old temple ____________________(值得一看)?8．The room is too dirty and____________________________________________ (急需打扫卫生)．三、语法填空阅读下面短文，用括号中的所给动词的适当形式填空It was getting dark when I __1__ (get) home.It was cold and I__2__(wear) a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldn't find it.I suddenly remembered that I __3__(leave) it on my desk in the office.It really didn't make any difference.I knew my wife __4__(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now，so I __5__ (knock) at the door.There was no answer.I __6__(continue) knocking at the door for some time.I__7__(get) angry.Then I remembered something the office boy __8__(tell) me at noon.He said that my wife __10__(phone) saying that she__10__(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing __11__(can do) and I__12__(shut) out of my house.参考答案强化训练一、1．was doing 2.packed 3.will turn4．had read 5.are waiting 6.haven't made7.had done8.would arrive9．were selling10.have been shopping11.had been12.has been shouldering13.didn't realize14.have finished15．have dreamed16.came17.hates18.am waiting19.have had，is running20．are dropped21.was to be made22.is being restored 23.were expected24．remains二、1．didn't think you were going to bring me a gift2. are being painted3. I wasn't noticing4．have been completed5．are being washed away6．too difficult to understand7．is worth visiting8．needs /requires cleaning badly三、1．got 2.was wearing 3.had left4．was 5.knocked 6.continued7.got8．had told9.had phoned10.would go11．could be done12.would be shut。
2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品资料晨背强化系列（六） 早读： Ⅰ.词汇短语过关 1．quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征 quantity n. 数量 be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质 be of high/poor quality 优/劣质 extra fine quality 特等 first－rate quality 一等 [即学即练1] (1)He has a watch _________________.他有只质量好的手表。
(2)One ______ of wood is that it can burn.木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。
(3)It's cheaper to buy goods __________________.购物的量大就便宜一些。
答案是：of good quality；quality；in large quantities 2．devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于 devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的 devoteoneself time one's life money energy＋to sth.把……用在， doing sth. 把……献给 sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢 a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 [即学即练2] (1)She devoted her lifetime ____________ homeless children.她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。
(2)His whole life has been devoted ____________ the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。
(3)After he graduated, he continued to ______________research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。
一 1. Our government is trying its best to ______ thesocial security system to protect people’s rights．〔2011黄冈模拟〕 A．balance B．reform C．conduct D．press 【解析】选B。
考查动词辨析。
句意：政府正尽力改革社会安全体系来保护人们的权利。
reform 改革；balance 平衡；conduct 实施，执行； press 挤，压。
2．Before you ______ thedesign of this product, you need to study the market carefully．〔2011宜昌模拟〕 A．memorise B．confirm C．order D．express 【解析】选B。
句意：在你确认这个产品的样式之前，你需要仔细研究市场。
confirm确认；memorise 记忆；order 命令，订购； express 表达。
3. We wanted to get homebefore dark, but it didn’t quite ______ as planned. A. makeout B. turn out C. go on D. come up 【解析】选B。
考查动词短语意义辨析。
句意：我们想在天黑前赶到家，可是结果未能如愿。
turn out结果是，符合题意。
make out看出，辨认出；理解，了解；写出，开出；go on继续；come up出现，发生；走上前来，均不合题意。
4. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ______ our studies. A．get down toB．get out C．get back for D．get over 【解析】选A。
第6讲动词及动词短语考点归纳1：动词词汇积累和辨析动词、动词词组既多且杂，多义性非常突出,初中阶段学过的动词，在高中阶段不断地出现新的意义，这些动词考生要在平时就进行笔记整理。
形似词辨析如：compete与complete；command与demand；include与conclude；contribute与distribute；assure与ensure; reserve，deserve，observe与preserve；change与exchange; explore, explode 与expand；inform，reform与transform；respect与inspect；intend 与attend；polish，publish与punish；acquire与require；wonder 与wander等；近义词辨析如：assess与evaluate; accuse与charge；bother, disturb 与interrupt; check与examine；combine与unite；refuse与reject；congratulate与celebrate；cure与treat; defeat与beat；defend与protect；persuade与advise等；动词词组如：pick up，bring up，take up等。
考点归纳2：两种常错、常考的可作谓语的动词1。
几组容易混淆的动词原形，过去式和过去分词形式hang —hanged —hanged绞死hang —hung —hung悬挂lay —laid —laid放置lie —lied - lied说谎lie —lay - lain平卧find - found —found发现found - founded —founded建立fall - fell —fallen跌倒feel —felt —felt感受2。
实为及物动词却常被误认为不及物动词enter (误为enter into）marry (误为marry with)reach (误为reach to）mention (误为mention about）serve (误为serve for）address (误为address to)approach (误为approach with）考点归纳3：动词词组的辨析1. get: get along 离开、进展、继续；get across (使）越过、使……让人理解；get away 逃避；get back 回来、取回；get down 记下、使某人忧愁;get off 下车(飞机）、下班；get on 上车;get in 收割、插话;get up 起床、站起；get through 接通(电话)、通过、完成；get together 聚会、收集。
项 目 内 容 政治方面 经济方面 社会生活 方面 “废藩置县”，加强中央集权。
允许土地买卖，引进西方技术，鼓励发展近代工业 提倡“文明开化”，向欧美学习，努力发展教育。
日本明治维新的内容 性质：自上而下资产阶级性质的改革 如何评价日本明治维新 积极：使日本从一个封建国家，转变为资本主义国家，摆脱了沦为半殖民地的命运，是日本历史重大的转折点 消极：走上了对外侵略扩张的军国主义道路，保留大量的封建残余势力 明治维新 1861年农奴制改革 资产阶级 改革 俄国1861年改革和日本明治维新有哪些相同点？ 资产阶级改革 都保留了大量的封建残余 促进了资本主义的发展，是本国历史的重大转折点 自上而下性质 方式 积极作用 消极作用 明治维新的启示 1、改革创新，与时俱进 2、科教兴国 3、善于向他国学习，取其精华 名称 原因 人物 内容 性质 作用 1861年改革 明治 维新 我会选： 1、俄国废除农奴制的主要原因是（ ）A、沙皇不喜欢农奴的存在 B、农奴制阻碍了俄国资本主义的发展 C、农奴制提高了农民的积极性 D、地主阶级的反对 2、1861年改革中，农奴“解放”时，可以得到一块份地，这块份地是 （ ） A、沙皇赏赐的 B、地主分给的 C、政府低价卖的? D、农奴出高价赎买的 B D 史料解读 材料一：与其等农民自下而上起来解放自己，不如自上而下解放农民——亚历山大二世1856年3月的一次谈话 （1）材料中，“农民自下而上起来解放自己”指的是什么？“自上而下解放农民”又指什么? （2）从中我们可以看出亚历山大二世改革的主观目的是什么？ 请回答： 农民暴动； 农奴制改革 挽救沙皇统治危机。
英国资产阶级革命 法国大革命 美国独立战争 从17世纪——19世纪中期已经有哪些国家建立并巩固了资本主义制度？通过什么事件确立的？ 第19课 1、俄国1861年改革 2、日本明治维新 俄国1861年改革 1850年，俄国的铁产量为22.8万吨，同期的英国为228.5万吨，法国是40.6万吨。
广东省2012 届高三考前冲刺卷(六)英语试题Ⅰ.语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45 分)第一节完形填空(共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15 各题所给的A、B、C 和D 项中，选出最佳选项。
The public schools I attended from 6th grade to 12th grade had amazing education programs for children with various handicaps (残疾)．They participated in the same programs along with us in classes like gym，biology，history，and I never heard anyone with a(n) 1 get teased or made fun of.I was close 2 with a darling girl named Vanessa who had Down syndrome (唐氏综合症)．I was 3 to see Jeff，another boy with Down syndrome working at a local store a few years after we 4 .Three years after I graduated from Murray High School，my little sister was a senior student and was chosen as a finalist for Homecoming Queen.Among the 10 5 were two girls with disabilities.Shellie had Down syndrome，and April suffered from mental disabilities due to a 6 trouble she had in her childhood.Since special education students usually stayed for a few extra years，I too knew Shellie when I 7 Murray High.The finalists went to the gym floor together with their 8 or friends.When Shellie and April 9 out，the crowd rose to their feet， 10 and clapping.Shellie’s parents tried to prepare her for the possibility of not winning，but it was unnecessary.Murray High School 11 a lovely girl with Down syndrome their 1997 Homecoming Queen that night.And you know what? There wasn’t a dry12 in the audie nce.I’ll never 13 Shellie’s little face，shining beneath her bright crown.April’s face was shinning too，as she was crowned an attendant.Whenever I feel that all of the 14 things that happen in the world seem to be winning，I justopen my old sheet of newspaper of that day and 15 the whole story again.Hope in humanity makes everything feel better.1．A.gift B．ability C．difficulty D．disability2．A.neighbors B．relatives C．friends D．workmates3．A.afraid B．proud C．likelyD．lucky4．A.separated B．practised C．graduated D．married5．petitors B．volunteers C．judges D．patients6．A.brain B．breast C．leg D．waist7．A.left B．visited C．attended D．reached8．A.parents B．classmatesC．teachers D．brothers9．A.cried B．walked C．looked D．stood10．A.shouting B．cheering C．laughing D．dancing11．A.crowned B．treated C．taught D．accepted12．A.eye B．hand C．foot D．body13．A.see B．forget C．imagine D．recognize14．A.nice B．impossible C．terrible D．important15．A.recite B．write C．read D．edit第二节语法填空(共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分15 分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。
设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。
主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。
根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类（一）实义动词1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词，表示动作或状态，在句中独立做谓语。
及物动词后须跟宾语；不及物动词不跟宾语。
例：—What did you think of her speech?—She _______for one hour but didn't ________ much.A. spoke; speakB. spoke; sayC. said; speakD. said; say注意：英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的，有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
It is important for you to learn how to learn.第一个learn是及物动词，后面有宾语how to learn；第二个learn是不及物动词。
不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。
He is working hard at English.2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词（短暂性动词）延续性动词动作可以延续，可以与一段时间连用。
如：live, study, work, stay, keep, have等。
非延续性动词（短暂性动词）动作瞬间完成，不能与一段时间连用。
如：finish, come,open, bring, buy等。
例：The evening news comes on at seven o' clock and ________ only thirty minutes.A. keepsB. continuesC. finishesD. lasts【解析】答案为D。
根据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes”先排除“finish”为瞬间动词；keep“保留，保存”；continue意为“继续”； last意为“持续，继续”，根据题意“晚间新闻每天7：00开始，持续30分钟。
”可知，正确选项为D。
（二）连系动词连系动词可以细分为以下几类1.表示“是”的be动词，根据主语有各种形式；2.表示“感觉”的连系动词。
如：look, feel, smell, taste, sound等；3.表示“变得、变成”的连系动词。
如become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come等；4.表示“结果”的连系动词。
如turn out, prove等；5.表示“仍然”的连系动词。
如remain, stand, stay, keep等；6.表示“似乎、好像”的连系动词。
如seem, appear, look等。
注意：绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。
请看下列这道选择题：good, the food has been sold out.A. TastedB. Having been TastedC. TastingD. To taste【解析】答案为C。
本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话，就会误选A或B。
其实taste在本句中是连系动词，应该选C才对=Because the food tastesgood,…（三）助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语。
用来表示否定，疑问，时态等语法形式。
助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语），常见的有：be(am, is, are, was, were),do(does, did), have(has/had), will, would, shall, should等。
（四）情态动词本身有一定意义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。
没有人称和数的变化，常用来表示说话人的语气和情态。
常见的有can(could), may(might), must, shall(should), will, would, ought to, dare, need等等。
注意：以上四类动词都有交叉的地方。
如“do, have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词；“be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词；“dare, need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。
1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn off every light in the house. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。
（不及物）注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
break out爆发 break up打碎；分解 break down出毛病；抛锚；分解；崩溃①Don’t be so discouraged. If you such feelings, you will do betternext time.A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away【解析】答案为D。
carry on意为“开展、进行”；get back意为“取回，拿回”；break down意为“分解、崩溃”。
put away除了有“把……收起、放好”的意思外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。
句意：别那么垂头丧气的。
如果你抛弃这种情绪（而振作起来），下次你就会做得更好。
②I was still sleeping when the fire _________,and then it spread quickly.A. broke outB. put outC. came outD. got out【解析】答案为A。
break out意为“发生”符合题意；put out意为“扑灭”；come out 意为“出版、出现、出来”；get out意为“（拿）出来”。
句意：火灾发生时，我还在睡觉，然后火势很快蔓延开来。
2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
look after照料，look at看，look for寻找①Once a decision has been made，all of us should _______it.A. direct toB. stick toC. lead toD. refer to【解析】答案为B。
stick to意为“坚守（规则、诺言等）”②It’s the present situation in poor areas that _______much higher spending oneducation and training.A. answers forB. provides forC. calls forD. plansfor【解析】答案为C。
call for意为“要求”；answer for意为“负责”；provide for意为“供养，为……做好准备”；plan for意为“为……作计划/打算”。
3.动词+副词/名词/反身代词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
①I don’t _______rock ‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.A. go afterB. go away withC. go intoD. go in for【解析】答案为D 。
go in for意为“喜欢”；go after意为“追求”；go away with意为“随身带走”；go into意为“从事、参加”。
②Why do we have to ________Joan’s selfish behavior? She should learn to carefor others.A. keep up withB. catch up withC. put up withD. come up with【解析】答案为C。
keep up with意为“跟着、跟上”；catch up with意为“赶上”；put up with意为“忍受”；come up with意为“想出、提出”。
③You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________home in the snowstorm.A. walkedB. walkC. to walkD. walking【解析】答案为D。
考查“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”短语的变式运用。
“difficulty”在句中充当了先行词，其后为定语从句。
④She devoted herself ____ the problems of the teenagers.A. in studyingB. at studyingC. to studyD. to studying【解析】答案为D。
devote oneself to意为“专心，致力于，献身”。
“to”为介词附录：近几年高考重点考查的动词短语1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组adapt to/adjust to 适应agree about对……有相同的看法。
agree on就……达成协议；agree to同意，赞成（观点，看法等）；agree with同意某人意见（接sb.）；与……相适应/一致；appeal to 向……呼吁，恳求；诉诸；求助于appeal to 吸引apply for申请；请求apply to适用于；向……申请(或要求)attach…to…将……系在……；使隶属/附属于……，将……缚在……attach importance to 关注，注重attach to粘贴be admitted to/into获准进入……，被……录取be absorbed in埋头于……，专心于……be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于……be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……，迷恋……2.以break为中心的词组break away from脱离，逃离，打破break down vt. 破坏，粉碎，瓦解；vi.出故障，抛锚；衰弱break in闯进，打断；使顺服break into（后面要接宾语）闯入；强行进入break off 打断，断绝，折断，突然终止break out爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚break up vt.开垦，破碎；解散，分解；vi.结束；断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂break through 突破，克服，挤过去3.以build为中心的词组build on / upon 建立在……上，依赖，指望build up 增强，增加，增进；建成，振兴4.以 bring为中心的词组bring about导致，引起，促使bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降，浓缩，收缩，击落bring out 拿出，公布，发表，出版，生产bring up 抚养，养育，培养，使停止5.以call为中心的词组call at 访问（某地），停泊在care about关心，在乎call for 需要，要求，接（某人），call in 召集，收集，请入，引入call off 取消，下令停止call on 拜访（某人），号召call out 大声喊，唤起call up 打电话给……；召集; 使想起6.以come为中心的词组come about发生；改变方向come across偶然碰到；想起；越过；偿付come back回来；恢复；复原come down倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come into being发生，产生，出现，形成come into power开始执政，当权，当选come into effect/ force开始生效，开始实行come into existence形成，产生，开始存在come into fashion开始流行come into operation开始运转，实施，生效come into use开始使用，获得应用come on快点；振作起来；请；来吧；跟着来；快点;come out出现；出版come out with说出，提出come over从远方(或克服障碍后)过来；顺便来访come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐，说到/提及到come to an agreem ent 达成协议come to a conclusion 得出结论come to a decision 作出决定come to an end终止，结束come to a stop 结束，停止，停顿，come to an understanding 取得谅解when it comes to…就……而论，谈到come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白come to life 苏醒，栩栩如生come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself苏醒come up with跟上；想出；提出7.以get为中心的词组get across度过，通过，横过；说服，使被理解get along前进，进步；同意；离去，相处get along/on with与……相处get away离开，逃脱，出发，开始度假get away from逃离……get back取回，回来；报复get down记下，写下get down to着手处理，认真对待；静下心来get in插话，收割，收获get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债get off送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on 上车get out出去，离开；逃脱；泄露；摆脱；拿出来；说出get over越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get rid of除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through拨通，到达，完成，通过；及格get to 到达get up起床，起立8.以give为中心的词组give away赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give in屈服，让步，投降give off发出（烟，气味）give out vt.分发；公布；发出；使筋疲力尽； vi.用完give up放弃；停止9.以go为中心的词组go /come to sb.’s rescue去/来援救某人go away走开；离去；(岁月)流逝；go back to 追溯至go by 经过，过去go on 继续，接下去go out 出去，熄灭，离开，下台，退休go over审查，复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍go up 上升，上涨，攀登10.以hold为中心的词组hold back阻挡，妨碍，控制感情，隐瞒不讲hold down 压制，压低，缩减hold off 耽搁，不接近，离开hold on继续；坚持，保持；不挂断电话hold out 伸出，提出，支持，主张hold up 举起；竖起；支持；使停滞；提出；阻挡11.以keep为中心的词组keep an eye on照看，留心keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒keep in mind 记住keep off 不接近，远离keep out 使……不入内keep pace with…跟上，同……步调一致keep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持keep up with…跟上，与……并肩前进keep watch 守望，值班，注意12.以look为中心的词组look after照料，照看look around东张西望，环顾look at看，注视(某人或某物)look away from掉过头去不忍心看look down on/upon俯视；看不起，轻视look for寻找look forward to盼望，期待look into窥视；调查；浏览look on /upon旁观；面向look on / upon …as…把……看作look out向外看；注意；当心，提防look over从上面看过去；检查，忽略look throughlook through透过……看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查look up查（单词、电话号码等）；仰视；涨价look up to仰望，尊敬13.以make为中心的词组make a choice做出选择make a difference 有差别，有关系，很重要make a fool of愚弄，欺骗make a will 立下遗嘱make advantages/use of使用，利用make it 就这么定了；成功；达到某一特定目标make oneself understood 让别人理解自己make out填写；开支票；理解；辨认；弄清楚make the best/ most of尽量利用；极为重视make up弥补；修理；赔偿；起草；编造；化装；,配制；占……比例14.以put为中心的词组put away 把……放好，把……收拾；储藏；put down 放下；镇压；记下；削减；降落put it表达put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下put on穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加put out 熄灭，扑灭；伸出，拿出put together 组装，装配，把……凑合起来put up搭建；张贴；举起，挂起；投宿，留宿put up with 忍受，容忍；put up举起，抬起；建立，竖起；张贴；投宿，put through 完成，（电话用语）拨通，使穿过15.以set为中心的词组be set in 以……为背景set about（doing）着手，开始set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样set aside 取消，放在一边，放弃，忽视，拒绝set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火烧毁set off vi.出发； vt.使爆炸，拨出（钱等）set out vi.出发； vt.开始，着手(to do)，布置set up 建立，设立，开办，引起（疾病等）16.以take为中心的词组take after 与……相像，性格类似于，效仿take away拿走，减去；夺去take down 记下；拿下；拆除；拆卸；take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会take off拿出，取出，拿走，取下；脱去（衣服等），起飞，（事业上的）腾飞，成功，成名take on承担，呈现，雇用take out把……带出去，清除, 除掉take over接管，接替take up从事，占据时间或空间，拿起take turns(to do) 轮流做17.以turn为中心的词组turn around转身turn down拒绝，（把声音等）调低turn in上床睡觉, 上缴turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turn off 关上（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；解雇；避开（问题）turn out外出；培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn over翻身，翻转，把……移交turn to转向；翻到（书的页数）；求助于；(使)变成turn up出现；出席；被找到/发现18.其它be supposed to do应当，应该begin with从……开始；以……开始；开始于belong to属于blow out吹熄（灯火等）；油井或汽井（井喷）build up 增加，增进，建成，振兴carry on坚持，继续，进行carry out贯彻，执行，实施，完成catch up with追上，赶上close down停业；（工厂等）关闭，倒闭close up暂停营业；关闭；堵塞；（伤口）愈合deal with对付，处理die down渐渐消失，平息（尤其指火势，大海，脾气）divide up分割，瓜分，划分，分配draw up起草，制订；使靠近；停住drop out退出，退学do away with去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do without不需要……也行，不用；不用/吃……勉强度过earn one’s living挣钱；维持生计eat up吃完，吃光end up as 作为……而结束的意思end up with 以……为结束fight for与……做斗争；为……而战figure out算出；想出；理解；弄清楚fill up装满，填满find out查找出（结果）finish up 结果成为；最终到来fit in相处融洽，合得来fix up修理，安装，安排，建造，提供focus upon/on专注于grow up成长，长大hand down 把……传下去；留给；hand out散发，（平均）分发，发给hang up挂断电话join up联合起来；连接lead to通向；导致leave out省去；遗漏let out泄露lie in（问题、事情等）在于lift up举起；吊起live up to履行lose out失败，输掉manage it设法做成某事meet with偶然遇到；符合pick out 挑出，辨别出pick up学到(尤其指不正规的学到)；捡起；顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得point out指出pull up 停车refer to 指，提及，参考，查阅remind sb. of…就……提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起……rule out排除（可能性）run into撞到；偶遇run out （某东西被）耗尽/用完run out of sth.用完，耗尽save up储蓄；贮存；节省see through看穿；识破(谎言)send up发射show off炫耀，卖弄slow down 慢下来speak of谈到，论及speed up加快stand for代表；象征；主张；支持，拥护start off动身，出发stay up不睡觉，熬夜stick to坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于tear down拆毁use up=run out of用光，用尽wait on等待，伺候，服伺warn sb. of警告某人某事watch out注意，当心；小心谨慎，留意提防watch over看守，照管，监视work out算出，想出，制订出；产生出；解决；确定说明：这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容（这部分请参看后面有关的各讲的内容）。
