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五年级绿色指标英语试卷【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题（每题1分，共5分）1. Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?A) CoalB) Solar powerC) OilD) Natural gas2. What does "reduce, reuse, recycle" mean?A) Decrease waste, use agn, dispose properlyB) Decrease waste, use agn, process and use agnC) Increase waste, use once, dispose properlyD) Increase waste, use once, process and use agn3. Which of the following is a benefit of planting trees?A) Increases pollutionB) Decreases oxygen levelsC) Provides habitats for wildlifeD) None of the above4. What is the mn idea of the "3Rs"?A) Reduce, reuse, rotB) Recycle, rot, reduceC) Rot, reduce, reuseD) Reduce, reuse, recycle5. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?A) WindB) WaterC) SunlightD) Fossil fuels二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）1. True or False: Composting is a way to recycle organic waste. (True)2. True or False: Deforestation has no impact on the environment. (False)3. True or False: Renewable energy sources can run out. (False)4. True or False: Recycling paper saves trees. (True)5. True or False: Pollution only affects the environment. (False)三、填空题（每题1分，共5分）1. The process of breaking down organic materials into simpler substances is called ____________.2. ____________ is the practice of using resources wisely and avoiding waste.3. ____________ is a form of energy that es from the sun.4. ____________ is the act of using something agn for the same purpose or fora new purpose.5. ____________ is the act of converting waste materials into new products.四、简答题（每题2分，共10分）1. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?2. Why is it important to conserve water?3. What are some ways to reduce waste?4. How does recycling help the environment?5. What is the importance of trees in the environment?五、应用题（每题2分，共10分）1. You have a paper bag and a plastic bag. Which one should you use and why?2. You have an old toy that you no longer play with. What can you do with it instead of throwing it away?3. You want to save energy at home. What are some things you can do?4. You want to plant a tree in your backyard. What are some things you should consider before planting?5. You want to reduce the amount of waste you produce. What are some tips you can follow?六、分析题（每题5分，共10分）1. Expln the impact of pollution on the environment and human health.2. Discuss the benefits and challenges of using renewable energy sources.七、实践操作题（每题5分，共10分）1. Design a poster promoting the importance of recycling.2. Create a plan to reduce water usage at your school.八、专业设计题（每题2分，共10分）1. Design a recycling program for your school, including the types of materials to be recycled and how the program will be implemented.2. Create a poster that illustrates the importance of conserving water and provide tips on how to do so.3. Develop a plan to reduce energy consumption in your home, including specific strategies and expected outes.4. Design a garden that promotes biodiversity, including the selection of native plants and the creation of habitats for wildlife.5. Create a public awareness campgn to educate people about the importance of using renewable energy sources.九、概念解释题（每题2分，共10分）1. Expln the concept of carbon footprint and how it relates to environmental sustnability.2. Define the term "sustnable development" and discuss its importance in protecting the environment.3. Expln the difference between climate change and global warming.4. Define the term "ecosystem" and provide examples of different types of ecosystems.5. Expln the concept of biodiversity and why it is important for the health of the planet.十、思考题（每题2分，共10分）1. Reflect on the impact of deforestation on the environment and propose solutions to address this issue.2. Consider the role of individuals in protecting the environment and suggest ways to encourage more people to take action.3. Think about the benefits and challenges of using alternative modes of transportation, such as biking or public transit, instead of driving.4. Reflect on the importance of reducing waste and propose strategies to minimize waste in your dly life.5. Consider the impact of plastic pollution on the environment and propose ways to reduce the use of single-use plastics.十一、社会扩展题（每题3分，共15分）1. Research and discuss the impact of climate change on vulnerable munities around the world.2. Explore the role of governments and policymakers in promoting environmental sustnability.3. Investigate the potential of renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.4. Analyze the environmental impact of consumerism and propose ways to promote more sustnable consumption patterns.5. Discuss the importance of environmental education in rsing awareness and inspiring action to protect the environment.本专业课原理概述部分试卷答案及知识点总结如下一、选择题答案1. B) Solar power2. B) Decrease waste, use agn, process and use agn3. C) Provides habitats for wildlife4. D) Reduce, reuse, recycle5. D) Fossil fuels二、判断题答案1. True2. False3. False4. True5. False三、填空题答案1. Deposition2. Sustnable consumption3. Solar energy4. Reusing5. Recycling四、简答题答案1. Renewable resources can be replenished, while non-renewable resources cannot. Renewable resources include solar energy, wind energy, and water energy, while non-renewable resources include fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.2. Conserving water is important because it is a limited resource, and overuse can lead to shortages and environmental degradation. Conserving water also helps reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with water treatment and transportation.3. Ways to reduce waste include practicing the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), posting organic waste, choosing products with minimal packaging, and avoiding single-use items.4. Recycling helps the environment reducing the demand for new resources, minimizing waste sent to landfills, and reducing pollution and energy consumption associated with the production of new materials.5. Trees are important in the environment because they provide oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide, provide habitats for wildlife, prevent soil erosion, and contribute to the water cycle.五、应用题答案1. Use the paper bag because it is biodegradable and more environmentally friendly than plastic bags.2. Donate the old toy to a charity or second-hand store, or give it to a friend or family member who might enjoy it.3. Some things you can do to save energy at home include turning off lights and appliances when not in use, using energy-efficient appliances, sealing windows and doors to prevent heat loss, and using natural light and ventilation whenever possible.4. Consider the type of tree, the soil conditions, the amount of sunlight and water avlable, and the space required for the tree to grow.5. Tips to follow include practicing the 3Rs, avoiding single-use items, choosing products with minimal packaging, posting organic waste, and buying in bulk.六、分析题答案1. Pollution can have a range of negative impacts on the environment, including r and water pollution, soil degradation, and harm to wildlife and plant species. It can also have adverse effects on human health, leading to respiratory problems, heart disease, and other health issues. To address pollution, it is important to reduce emissions of pollutants, promote the use of clean energy sources, and implement regulations to protect the environment.2. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, offer several benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, lower environmental impact, and the potential for sustnable energy production. However, there are also challenges associated with renewable energy, such as high initial costs, intermittency issues, and the need for infrastructure and grid upgrades. To promote the use of renewable energy, it is important to invest in research and development, provide incentives for renewable energy projects, and implement policies that support the transition to a clean energy economy.七、实践操作题答案1. Design a poster promoting the importance of recycling, including images of recycling symbols, tips for recycling properly, and statistics on the environmental benefits of recycling.2. Create a plan to reduce water usage at your school, including installing low-flow faucets and toilets, promoting water-saving habits among students and staff, and implementing a rnwater harvesting system.本试卷所涵盖的理论基础部分的知识点进行分类和总结如下：1. Environment and Sustnability: This section includes topics such as renewable and non-renewable resources, pollution, climate change, and the importance of conserving natural resources.2. Waste Management: This section covers the concepts of reduce, reuse, and recycle, posting, and strategies for minimizing waste production.3. Energy Conservation: This section focuses on ways to save energy at home and the benefits of using renewable energy sources.4. Biodiversity and Ecosystems: This section includes information about the importance of biodiversity, different types of ecosystems, and the impact of deforestation on the environment.5. Environmental Education and Action: This section emphasizes the role of individuals in protecting the environment and the importance of rsing awareness and inspiring action to address environmental issues.各题型所考察学生的知识点详解及示例：1. Multiple Choice Questions: These questions assess students' understanding of key concepts and their ability to apply knowledge to different scenarios. For example, students are asked to identify renewable energy sources and expln the concept of carbon footprint.2. True or False Questions: These questions test students' knowledge of environmental facts and their ability to distinguish between true and false statements. For example, students are asked to determine whether deforestation has。
低碳环保的英语句子1、心动不如行动，去怨不如去干。
Echocardiography action，to complain than to do。
2、我们是幼苗，我们都需要呵护。
We are at a young age， we all need to care。
3、保护自生环境，爱护我们生存的地球。
Protect the environment， love our planet。
4、小草微微笑，请你绕一绕。
The grass smiles，around a circle， please。
5、快快行动起来，保护自然生态!Quick action，protect the natural ecological!6、让绿色看得见，让绿色听得见。
Let green visible and green could hear。
7、创造绿色时尚，拥抱绿色生活。
To create green fashion，embrace green living。
8、轻轻地我走了，正如我轻轻地来。
I gently walked，as I gently came。
9、做地球妈妈的好孩子，保护她!Do the earth mother's boy，protect her!10、不让尘土进校园，只让美好到我家。
Don't let the dust into the campus， let beautiful to my house。
11、低碳生活是起点，幸福生活是终点。
Low carbon life is a starting point， a happy life is the end。
12、请您爱护绿色，绿是生命之源。
Please take good care of the green， green is the source of life。
13、花儿以花香回报我们，我们只需脚下留情。
Flowers to flowers returns， we just at the foot of mercy。
中考物理原理英语阅读理解15题1. What is the force that makes a ball fall to the ground?A. Magnetic forceB. Gravitational forceC. Electrical forceD. Frictional force答案：B。
解析：球落到地面是因为重力的作用。
选项A 磁力通常作用于磁性物体之间；选项 C 电力作用于带有电荷的物体之间；选项D 摩擦力是阻碍物体相对运动的力，与球下落无关。
2. Which of the following is an example of optical reflection?A. A magnifying glass enlarging an image.B. A prism splitting white light into colors.C. A mirror reflecting an image.D. A lens focusing light.答案：C。
解析：光学反射是指光线遇到表面后被反弹回来。
镜子反射图像是光学反射的例子。
选项A 放大镜放大图像是利用光的折射；选项B 棱镜将白光分成颜色是光的色散，也是折射现象；选项D 透镜聚焦光线也是光的折射。
3. When you push a box across the floor, what force opposes your push?A. Normal forceB. Tension forceC. Frictional forceD. Air resistance答案：C。
解析：当推箱子时，摩擦力阻碍箱子的运动，与推力相反。
选项A 法向力是垂直于接触面的力；选项B 张力通常存在于绳子等物体中；选项 D 空气阻力在一些情况下也会阻碍物体运动，但在这里主要是摩擦力起作用。
4. What type of lens is used to correct nearsightedness?A. Convex lensB. Concave lensC. Plane mirrorD. Prism答案：B。
高一地理与气候变化英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Global warming is one of the most significant environmental issues of our time. The Earth's climate is changing at an alarming rate due to human activities. The main cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.One of the major sources of greenhouse gases is the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas. Power plants, factories, and vehicles all burn fossil fuels and release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Another cause of global warming is deforestation. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. When forests are cut down, less carbon dioxide is absorbed, and more is left in the atmosphere.The effects of global warming are far-reaching. Rising temperatures can lead to more extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and storms. Melting ice caps and glaciers can cause sea levels to rise, threatening coastal communities and low-lying islands. Changes in climate can also affect agriculture, wildlife, and human health.To address global warming, we need to take action on multiple fronts.We can reduce our carbon footprint by using energy-efficient appliances, driving less, and using public transportation. We can also support renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. In addition, we can plant trees and protect forests to help absorb carbon dioxide.1. The main cause of global warming is ___.A. deforestationB. the increase in greenhouse gasesC. natural disastersD. overpopulation答案：B。
高中英语选必三Unit3逐词英语释义1.graph：图表；[英文释义]a diagram showing the relationship between variables, typically using lines or bars to represent data.2.emission：排放；[英文释义]the act of releasing or discharging something, usually referring to gases or pollutants being released into the atmosphere.3.melt：融化；[英文释义]to change from a solid to a liquid state as a result of heating or increased temperature.4.starve：挨饿；[英文释义]to suffer or die from lack of food; to deprive someone or something of nourishment.5.seal：海豹；[英文释义]a large aquatic mammal with flippers and a streamlined body, living chiefly in the colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere.6.ecology：生态学；[英文释义]the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment, including the interactions between living organisms and their physical surroundings.7.release：释放；[英文释义]to set free or let go; to allow something to be known, published, or made available.8.methane：甲烷；[英文释义]a colorless and odorless flammable gas, the main component of natural gas, and a potent greenhouse gas.9.carbon：碳；[英文释义]a chemical element that is the basis of organic compounds and occurs naturally in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.10.dioxide：二氧化物；[英文释义]a compound containing two oxygen atoms bonded to another element or group.11.carbon dioxide：二氧化碳；[英文释义]a colorless and odorless gas formed during respiration, combustion, and other processes, and a major greenhouse gas contributing to climate change.12.habitable：适合居住的；[英文释义]suitable or fit to live in; capable of supporting human life.13.sustain：维持；[英文释义]to keep, maintain, or support something or someone over time.14.sustainable：可持续的；[英文释义]able to be maintained or continued at a certain rate or level without depleting resources or causing harm to the environment.15.fossil：化石；[英文释义]the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in rock, often used to refer to fuel derived from ancient plants and animals.16.fuel：燃料；[英文释义]a material that is burned to produce heat or power, such as coal, oil, or gas.17.fossil fuel：化石燃料；[英文释义]a natural fuel formed from the remains of living organisms, such as coal, oil, or natural gas.prehensive：全面的；[英文释义]including or dealing with all or nearly all aspects of something; complete and thorough.19.worldwide：全球的；[英文释义]occurring or existing throughout the world; global in extent or scope.20.trend：趋势；[英文释义]a general direction in which something is developing or changing; a current fashion or popular style.21.frequently：频繁地；[英文释义]happening or occurring often; regularly or repeatedly.22.broadcast：广播；[英文释义]to transmit or send out programs, information, or signals by radio or television.23.policy：政策；[英文释义]a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual.24.footprint：足迹；[英文释义]the mark left by a person's foot or shoe; the impact or effect of a person, organization, or product on the environment.25.restrict：限制；[英文释义]to limit or control something or someone within certain boundaries or rules.26.restriction：限制；[英文释义]a rule or limitation that restricts or limits something or someone.27.seize：抓住；[英文释义]to take hold of suddenly and forcibly; to capture or apprehend.28.basin：盆地；[英文释义]a large or deep bowl-shaped depression in the Earth's surface, often containing water or used as a drainage area.29.penguin：企鹅；[英文释义]a flightless bird found in the Southern Hemisphere, characterized by its upright stance, black and white plumage, and webbed feet.30.reform：改革；[英文释义]to make changes in order to improve or correct something, often referring to social, political, or economic systems.31.undergo：经历；[英文释义]to experience or go through a process or change.32.implement：实施；[英文释义]to put into effect or action; to carry out or execute a plan, decision, or policy.33.harmonious：和谐的；[英文释义]forming a pleasing or consistent whole; free from discord or conflict.34.moderate：适度的；[英文释义]not excessive or extreme; keeping within reasonable or suitable limits.35.submit：提交；[英文释义]to present or hand over something for consideration, judgment, or decision.36.annual：每年的；[英文释义]occurring or done once a year; yearly.37.tropical：热带的；[英文释义]relating to or characteristic of the tropics, the region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.38.chaos：混乱；[英文释义]a state of complete disorder and confusion; lack of organization or order.39.on behalf：代表；[英文释义]acting or speaking for someone or a group of people; in the interest or benefit of someone.40.nuclear：核能的；[英文释义]relating to the nucleus of an atom; involving or using nuclear energy or weapons.41.sensitive：敏感的；[英文释义]easily affected or influenced by external factors; responsive to physical, emotional, or social stimuli.42.jungle：丛林；[英文释义]a dense and tangled mass of vegetation, typically found in tropical rainforests.43.smog：烟雾；[英文释义]a mixture of smoke and fog, especially in urban areas with high pollution levels.44.originate：起源；[英文释义]to have a beginning or starting point in something; to come into existence or be caused by something.45.volume：体积；[英文释义]the amount of space that a substance or object occupies; the degree or intensity of a sound.46.garbage：垃圾；[英文释义]waste material or discarded items, typically referring to household or industrial refuse.47.enterprise：企业；[英文释义]a project or undertaking, typically involving a business or commercial activity.48.restore：恢复；[英文释义]to bring back or return something to its original condition, state, or position.49.conservation：保护；[英文释义]the act of protecting, preserving, or restoring the natural environment, wildlife, or natural resources.50.dozen：一打；[英文释义]a group or set of twelve; twelve items considered as a unit.51.dozens of：许多；[英文释义]a large number or quantity of something; many or numerous.52.regulation：规定；[英文释义]an official rule or law that controls or governs something, often issued by a government or regulatory body.53.disposal：处理；[英文释义]the act or process of getting rid of something; the management or handling of waste or unwanted materials.54.inspection：检查；[英文释义]the act of examining or reviewing something carefully and thoroughly.55.fine：罚款；[英文释义]a sum of money imposed as a penalty for an offense or violation.56.campaign：运动；[英文释义]a series of coordinated activities or efforts aimed at achieving a specific goal or objective.57.waterway：水路；[英文释义]a navigable route or channel of water, such as a river, canal, or strait.58.tolerate：容忍；[英文释义]to accept or endure something or someone, especially in spite of disagreement or dislike.59.agenda：议程；[英文释义]a list or plan of things to be done or considered, often used in reference to a meeting or conference.。
用英文写一篇关于杨振宁的作文Dr. Yang Zhenning, a name synonymous with brilliance in the field of physics, has left an indelible mark on the scientific community. Born in 1922, he was a pioneer in the exploration of particle physics, where his work on the theory of weak interactions earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957.His collaboration with Tsung-Dao Lee on the violation of parity conservation in weak interactions was groundbreaking, challenging the prevailing belief that the universe is symmetrical. This discovery opened new horizons in physics, prompting a reevaluation of fundamental principles.Dr. Yang's contributions extend beyond his Nobel-winning work. He has been a driving force in the development of the Standard Model of particle physics, a framework that describes the fundamental particles and forces of the universe. His insights have shaped our understanding of the cosmos and the laws that govern it.In addition to his scientific pursuits, Dr. Yang has been a dedicated educator, inspiring generations of students with his passion for physics. His commitment to nurturing young minds has been instrumental in cultivating a new generation of physicists.Despite facing numerous challenges, including thecultural and political upheavals of the 20th century, Dr. Yang has remained steadfast in his pursuit of knowledge. His resilience serves as an inspiration to scientists and scholars alike, demonstrating the power of perseverance in the face of adversity.Dr. Yang's legacy is not only in the pages of scientific journals but also in the hearts and minds of those who have been touched by his work. As we look to the future, his life and achievements remind us of the boundless potential of human intellect and the importance of curiosity and dedication in the pursuit of truth.。
环保初三英语作文(精选5篇)环保初三英语作文(精选5篇)环保，全称环境爱护，是指人类为解决现实的或潜在的环境问题，协调人类与环境的关系，保障经济、社会的持续进展而实行的各种行动的总称。
这里给大家共享一些关于环保初三英语作文，盼望对大家能有所关心。
环保初三英语作文（篇1）What kind of environment should be? Ought to be beautiful, but also should be to let people feast for the eyes, but now all of you take a look at the environment, beautiful? Let people feast for the eyes? The answer is no.So what should we do? Today, Ill give you some advice to protect the environment, the content is as follows:We live earth is deteriorating rapidly, did we have to pay attention to their own living environment cause harm to nature, you must not throw sundry, especially those serious pollution of garbage, waste batteries, for example, because the section waste batteries contain heavy metals, if flow to clean the water, it is very much pollution, then try to save trees made items such as paper, pencils, because waste these things is the destruction of the forest. Also try to use less disposable lunch box, chopsticks and plastic bags and other items, so as to avoid unnecessary waste and reduce waste.There are some tips: walking to closing the master switch, in order to avoid electrical appliances overheating explosion, a waste of money and waste of electricity, save water, to shutthe tap when brushing your teeth, wash dish water to rice, rice water to water the flowers, wash water can sweep the floor, so we can reduce some waste. 12 dont hunt wild animals, animal protection is absolutely cant kill, but dont kill the common animals such as frogs, because frogs eat 15000 bugs for us, and most are pests. Some people often dont think that is, the stubborn still, so we should try to eat less wild animals, lead to wild animals, the drop in sales no longer killing of wild animals.Our forest is called oxygen plant, so to take good care of flowers and plants, not to destroy the city greening, and actively participate in. But also to cut down trees less, dont waste wood items, because waste these things is to destroy the forest, so be used sparingly, to protect the forests of less and less.Use energy-saving lamps to replace the ordinary light bulb, although some expensive but can use less electricity. I appeal to you: in our daily actions to protect earths environment, let our children and grandchildren live in a beautiful environment!环保初三英语作文（篇2）I always thought that only the car tail gas, the coal burning these emit carbon dioxide, thought that life is full of weak in violation of the carbon forces us home - the earth and we live by.Now in our school propaganda low carbon life, I gradually know how to reduce carbon pollution. The beginning of the low-carbon life. Before I always open the door the lights last night, the water drops from evening until morning, refrigerator and mess around, so that waste water and electricity, andincreased the production of carbon dioxide. Can be improved for the sake of our survival environment, low carbon life must starts from me. First of all, low-carbon lifestyle is focus on energy conservation and consumption reduction in every detail of life, in addition to homework reading must turn on the light, other time dont need to open the lamp cant open it as far as possible, so that it can reduce the electric discharge of carbon dioxide. Electrical appliances in the house open can emit carbon dioxide, even small cell phone battery socket terrible can discharge of carbon dioxide, as long as the charger to charge the electricity immediately removed can reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Fridge can neatly as far as possible, so that it can reduce the number of refrigerators work, so as to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Although air conditioning can give us a cold in the summer, but its outdoor can emit large amounts of carbon dioxide, so we can best use less as far as possible, dont let our earth breathe too much carbon dioxide.In the later days we must attach importance to carbon emissions, dont let it harm to our life, let us act together, to protect our beautiful environment.环保初三英语作文（篇3）In recent years there has been a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities of our country. Almost every day we see fire engines rushing through the streets. Fires have not only resulted in heavy economic losses but also injured and killed many people.What are the causes of fire accidents? Most of the fires are brought about by carelessness and violation of fire safety regulations. Others are due to the poor quality of home electrical appliances. By the way, some people dont know howto use them properly. Besides,there are quite a few businesses which focus so much of their attention on profits that they tend to neglect and even ignore fire precautions.In my opinion, in order to prevent fires we should first of all foster peoples sense of fire prevention. The second thing we have to do is to increase the number of professional fire fighters, to whom regular training courses should be offered. Finally, we are to improve the existing fire engines and add more fire facilities to high-rise buildings. In this way, a reliable fire prevention system will be formed.环保初三英语作文（篇4）Green the eternal topic, let us better to understand the importance of environmental protection.Green environmental protection is to make us live a happy life in a clean environment, however, the environment around us in a worse if we dont alarm, then, our motherland will be a mess in our hands! Green environmental protection starts from me. My dad used to drive his car to work, listen to my advice, to protect the environment, he ride a bike from now on, he thought that not only the exercise of his body, also for the green environmental protection.My mother began to contribute to the green environmental protection. Before she went to vegetable market to buy food, she used plastic bags, a village green environmental protection propaganda on TV, she understood the green environmental protection is sustainable, in order to we can have a better environment. In order to we live healthier lives, so mom from that moment on, every day go to vegetable market with the own basket, instead of plastic bags.As a new era of junior middle school students, and I will response to the green environmental protection call for, I had at school are all use one-off chopsticks, but now I can bring their own chopsticks to school. I think, though this is a small matter, but I do my responsibility.Happiness of life to let China land everyone be permeated with happy smile, rich products, long history, noble quality, the plot environment. Nowadays, the environment is polluted, the green environmental protection starts from me, let us together to protect the environment!环保初三英语作文（篇5）Environmental protection is the buzzword of our times is controversial, but at the same time is extremely important in protecting the environment, we how to do environmental protection, how to the environmental protection, how to just calculate environmental protection, in the following, we will know.Environmental protection is refers to the environmental protection. Environmental protection is refers to the humanity to solve realistic or potential problems, coordinate the relationship between the human and environment, guarantee the sustainable development of economic society and the floorboard of all sorts of action.Now, in our life, the most serious environmental problem is the soil is destroyed, climate change and energy waste. According to the reference news reports, 110 countries in less fertile arable land. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, as a result of the loss of forest vegetation, excessive developmentand pasture land overgrazing, bare land become fragile. The earth mother has become sallow and emaciated, please protect our mother earth! Some experts predict that sea levels will rise in the near future, many islands will be submerged.So how do we stop all this happen? Actually, protect the environment is not as difficult as I thought, as long as we start small, will make a new earth, for example: use more environmental protection bags, try to avoid using plastic bags; Take a bus as far as possible, as far as possible to reduce automobile exhaust emissions; Exercise more at ordinary times walk, ride a bike, and protect the environment... In addition, there are many, many, as long as we start small, many a mickle makes a muckle, and sand into the tower, also will let earth before the face of the.Lets struggle for the future of the earth!。
高一英语气候政策分析练习题30题1<背景文章>Global warming is one of the most significant challenges facing our planet today. The Earth's average temperature has been rising steadily over the past few decades. This increase in temperature is having a profound impact on our environment.One of the most visible effects of global warming is the melting of glaciers and ice caps. As the temperature rises, large amounts of ice are melting, leading to a rise in sea levels. This poses a serious threat to coastal areas and low-lying islands. Many cities and towns located near the coast could be flooded, displacing millions of people.Another impact of global warming is the change in weather patterns. Extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods are becoming more frequent and intense. These events can cause significant damage to infrastructure, crops, and human lives.The main cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, trap heat from the sun and warm the Earth. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, are releasing large amounts of these gases into the atmosphere.To address the issue of global warming, countries around the world are taking steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These efforts include promoting renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and protecting forests. However, more needs to be done to ensure a sustainable future for our planet.1. What is one of the most visible effects of global warming?A. Increase in temperature.B. Melting of glaciers and ice caps.C. Change in weather patterns.D. Release of greenhouse gases.答案：B。
低碳生活的英语作文带翻译（通用12篇）低碳生活的英语作文带翻译（通用12篇）在平平淡淡的学习、工作、生活中，大家都经常看到作文的身影吧，作文是人们以书面形式表情达意的言语活动。
那要怎么写好作文呢？下面是小编整理的低碳生活的英语作文带翻译，希望能够帮助到大家。
低碳生活的英语作文带翻译篇1The word "low carbon" has become the pronoun of 21st century, low carbon is also because now people realize the importance of protecting the environment, to create a word. So I decided to, in the future life, I also want to "low carbon" everywhere, protect our survival homeland.Everything from the beginning of the trip, I go out less as far as possible to get a taxi, short distance of walking, long distance sit bus. I found that, after a period of time, I will save money, and exercise the body, is the best of both worlds.Then, we should start from the water. I try to use the laundry water to clean the toilet, mop the floor... Every time to drink water, I will pick up as much as they remember to drink water, not pick up more, save water resources. Slowly, I found that mop and clean, even I can do.In the end, is the power saving. Brightly lit at night, our family, each room the lights are on, sometimes, no one in front of the TV, TV is still open, waste a lot of electricity. I told mom and dad, the door after you leave the room. Don't watch TV, remember to turn off the television, and less use the computer. In the daytime, can not turn on the light, don't turn on the light. Our family all do that, I believe that our electricity will be a lot less. Two months later, the mother to go for electricity time-consuming, foundmany degrees less electricity!I learned from the Internet, in Beijing, people in order to make cars less discharge exhaust, with single and double car that runs on different dates. To develop car free day, also hope you can low carbon life, the protection and preservation of our home!低碳”这个词已经成为21世纪的代名词，低碳也是因为现在的人们终于认识到保护环境的重要性，才创造出的这个词。
a rXiv:h ep-ph/9412391v13Dec1994VIOLATION OF THE ENERGY CONSERVATION LAW IN LORENTZ-DIRAC EQUATIONS FOR MORE THAN ONE CHARGE D.Villarroel and R.Rivera Departamento de F´ısica,Universidad T´e cnica Federico Santa Mar´ıa Casilla 110-V,Valpara´ıso,Chile An exact solution of Lorentz-Dirac equations where the energy conserva-tion law is violated,is described herein for the case of two charges.PACS numbers:03.50.De,41.60-m1Lorentz-Dirac equations are currently accepted as the equations of mo-tion for charged particles in classical electrodynamics.These equations were derived by Dirac in a classical paper in1938[1];the same equations were also obtained by Rohrlich on the basis of an action principle in his well-known book[2].In the case of two charges,the equations are:m1aµ1=(e1/c)Fµαext v1α+(e1/c)Fµα2ret v1α+ 2e21/3c3 ˙aµ1− 1/c2 aλ1a1λvµ1 (1) where we use Rohrlich’s notation.The equation for charge e2is the same as (1),but with indexes1and2interchanged.Thefirst term on the right-hand side(RHS)in(1),is Lorentz’s force due to the externalfield.The second term on the RHS,links charge e2charge e2by means of a purely retarded interaction,and represents the only mutual interaction of the charged par-ticles in Lorentz-Dirac equations.Finally,the third term is the well known radiation reaction term,constituted by two parts:“Schott term”,involving the third derivative of the charge position,and“Larmor term”,involving the square of the acceleration.In the case of only one charge in an externalfield, the second term on the RHS of(1)disappears.Equations in(1)are thefinal achievement of Dirac’s conception,accord-ing to which it is possible to formulate a consistent set of classical equations of motion for point charges.Dirac reached these equations starting from Maxwell equations and the principles of relativity,masking the divergences associated with the singularities of thefield at the position of the charges, by means of a mass renormalization procedure.Extensive theoretical work, carried out especially by Rohrlich[2],led to consider that Lorentz-Dirac equa-2tions coherently describe the one-charge case in an externalfield.However, the situation does not remain the same when several charges are involved.In fact,a few years after Dirac derived his equations,Eliezer[3]applied them to the case of two equal-mass particles with charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs,moving in a straight line and colliding head-on.This led to a controversy that still holds true[4].According to Eliezer,the charges stop before colliding,then turn back and move away from each other,with an acceleration that is always different from zero,and with a velocity that tends toward the speed of light.This behavior is contrary to what common understanding would suggest for two charges of opposite signs,and is also contradictory to the law of energy conservation.Eliezer’s conclusions were questioned by Clavier[5],Plass[6],and Rohrlich[2].However,more recent detailed numerical calculations by Baylis and Huschilt[7],and Kasher[8], came to support Eliezer’s conclusions.The pathological behavior of Lorentz-Dirac equations in Eliezer head-on collision has received,in general,little attention in textbooks(one exception is Parrott’s book[4]).Several reasons may help to explain this lack of at-tention.In spite of the one-dimensional character of Eliezer’s collision,the retarded nature of the interaction between the charges gives rise to mathe-matical complications.In particular,the numerical treatment of[7]&[8]are rather elaborated,and questions about the convergence of the iterative pro-cess cannot be easily answered.This problem is related,in turn,to the issue of the existence and the uniqueness of the solution of Lorentz-Dirac equa-tions,which still remains an open question in the case of several charges.3Another source of troubles comes from the fact that in Eliezer’s collision, the kinetic energy of the charges,the total rate of the radiation emitted by them,as well as the energy stored in thefield of the charges,are all time-dependent.This makes it very difficult to analyze the energy conservation law at any given moment.Although the kinetic energy and the total rate of the radiation are well defined concepts,the same does not occur with the concept of“energy stored in thefield of the charges”,which makes for even further troubles.We also want to point out that the catastrophic behav-ior of Eliezer’s solutions has been obtained merely as a mathematical result of Lorentz-Dirac equations,but without identifying any physical cause-an identification that would be convenient for a deeper understanding.From our point of view,Lorentz-Dirac equations cannot be correct,be-cause they do not take into account all the radiation emitted by the charges. In fact,in the case of two charges,radiation must be described by:a Larmor term for each charge,terms that are indeed present in(1);plus a term that considers the interference effect between thefields of both charges,which is not present in(1).The second term on the RHS of(1)is the only one that considers both particles,but this term has very little to do with the interference radiation,which must involve the product of the acceleration of two charges,and this is clearly not the case.So,in order to put this con-jecture in a quantitative way,it would be ideal tofind one exact solution of the Lorentz-Dirac equations for two charges where the total rate of radiation (including the interference term)can be calculated in a precise way.It is the purpose of this note to present one such solution,which is thefirst exact4solution for the Lorentz-Dirac equations for more than one charge present in the literature related to the subject[9].As it will be shown below,Lorentz-Dirac equations,with appropriate externalfields to be determined,allow for the motion of two charges moving in a plane at opposite ends of a diameter revolving at constant angular velocityωin afixed circular orbit of radius a.This solution can be considered as a sort of generalization of the exact solution found by Sokolov and Kolesnikova[10]for one charge in a circular orbit.Before discussing the algebraic treatment of our solution,it may be con-venient to make some general comments on Lorentz-Dirac equations,since treatment of this subject is almost absent in current literature.Besides,they may help those readers not very familiar with radiation reaction effects,and, on the other hand,they will allow us to set the framework of our discussion.It may seem rather natural to study the validity of Lorentz-Dirac equa-tions by means of experiments,instead of resorting to theoretical disquisition as we are doing here.However,due to other effects that appear in experi-ments that make it almost impossible to reach a clear conclusion,the troubles with Lorentz-Dirac equations cannot be clarified with the help of practical measurements.The motion of an electron in a storage ring is a good exam-ple for illustrating this situation,since in these machines radiation reaction plays an important role.The starting point for the description of the elec-tron motion in a storage ring is Lorentz-Dirac equations for one electron [11,12].Now,in a machine of a few Gev,the magnetic external force is5much greater than the Larmor term,which in turn is much greater than the Schott term.These differences make it difficult to test Lorentz-Dirac equa-tions;in addition,there are several other complications.For example,in the vacuum chamber of the machine there is not only one electron,but many of them interacting with each other.In particular,these interactions lead to a loss of electrons from the beam.Furthermore,the particle trajectory is influenced by the interaction of the electron with the wall of the vacuum chamber,as well as by the inhomogeneity of the magneticfield.But the most striking phenomenon that rules out the use of Lorentz-Dirac equations for an accurate description of the motion are well-established quantum effects on electron motion[11,12].An experimental set-up of Eliezer’s problem considering a collision be-tween an electron and a positron,will pose difficulties of the same kind as those observed in the case of a storage ring.So,even though Eliezer’s prob-lem has a clear meaning in a classical context,where position and momentum have precise values at any time,quantum effects are unavoidable in the ex-periment and,therefore,Lorentz-Dirac equations do not apply.Why then should we insist on looking for exact solutions of Lorentz-Dirac equations if they are of little help for an accurate practical description of the motion of the charge?In our opinion,the study of these equations in their own context,regardless of experiments or practical applications,is interesting because their coherence is deeply related to the mass renormalization prob-lem,which still remains somewhat obscure in classical as well as quantum6theory.It was precisely in Lorentz-Dirac equations where,for thefirst time, Dirac introduced the concept of mass renormalization,in order to deal with the divergent self-energy of a point charge.Thus,it would not be surprising tofind that the violation of the energy conservation law in these equations is related to the mass renormalization problem.Now,if the Lorentz-Dirac equations are incorrect,as we clearly show below,the natural question that arises is:What are the correct equations of motion for point charges?This question assumes that the divergence due to the point nature of the charges can be consistently renormalized with the energy conservation law;but,is it possible that this program could not be carried out?In order to answer these and other related questions,Lorentz-Dirac equations must be studied in their own classical context.The analysis of exact solutions becomes a powerful tool for this purpose.Let us now describe our solution.We assume that the motion occurs on the X−Y plane,clockwise in a circle of radius a centered at the origin. The two identical particles of charges e<0and mass m,are rotating with constant angular velocityω,at the end of a diameter.At time t,let charge 1be the one located at x=−a cosωt,y=a sinωt.Then,the retarded position of charge2,which determines thefield over charge1at time t,is defined by the retarded time t′,time that also defines the retarded position of charge1respect to charge2at time t.This property is due to the symmetry of the motion.Now,let2ϕ=ωt−ωt′be the angle between the diame-ters of the actual and the retarded positions.Then,we haveϕ=βcosϕ, whereβ=aω/c.In particular,we obtain dβ/dϕ>0.Thus,βis a strictly7monotonous increasing function ofϕ.Therefore,since there exists a one to one correspondence betweenβandϕ,we will use either of them to represent the velocity of the charges.Moreover,asβ<1,then,ϕ<ϕcri=0.739,and sinceβ>0,the angleϕis in the interval0<ϕ<ϕcri.In order to account for the retarded interaction between the charges (the second term on the RHS of(1)),we introduce the radial and tan-gential unitary vectors to the orbit at the location of charge1,which are ˆr=−ˆi cosωt+ˆj sinωt andˆt=ˆi sinωt+ˆj cosωt,respectively.Then,the radial component E r=ˆr·E and the tangential component E t=ˆt·E of the retarded electricfield of charge2at the location of charge1at time t, are obtained from Li´e nard-Wiechert’s well-known formulas for thefield of a point charge.We get:(4a2/e)E r=(cosϕ+ϕsinϕ)−3 ϕsin2ϕ+cos2ϕ 1+ϕ2cos2ϕsec2ϕ −2ϕ2(1+ϕtanϕ)cos2ϕ ,(2) 4a2/e E t=(cosϕ+ϕsinϕ)−3{(ϕcos2ϕ−sinϕcosϕ)1+ϕ2cos2ϕsec2ϕ +2ϕ2(1+ϕtanϕ)sin2ϕ .(3)For this type of motion,the magneticfield at the position of each charge has only one component along axis Z,given by:B z=−sinϕE r−cosϕE t.(4) The motion under consideration cannot be obtained without externalfields. We will assume here the existence of a time-independent external electric8field tangent to the orbit,and with afixed magnitude around the orbit circle. In order to show that this electricfield arise from Maxwell’s equations,we consider the ideal sources:a charge densityρ(x,t)that vanishes identically everywhere,and a charge current vector proportional to time t given by J(x,t)=−Atδ(r−b)ˆφ,where we use cylindrical coordinates(r,φ,z);δis the usual Dirac delta function,andˆφis the unit vector tangent to the circle r=fixed,pointing in the direction of increasingφ.Parameters A and b are positive,with radius b of the infinitely long solenoid smaller than orbit radius a.Then,it is easy to show that for these sources thefields:E(x,t)=(µ0/2)A r−θ(r−b) r−b2/r ˆφˆk(5) B(x,t)=−µ0At{1−θ(r−b)}whereθ(r)represents the step function,are solutions of Maxwell’s equations everywhere.The proof comes easier in cylindrical coordinates.This proof uses either standard rigor with step and delta functions,or the distribution theory.We need thefields(5)only in region r>b,in which case they reduce to E=(µ0Ab2/2r)ˆφ;B=0.The tangential electricfield can take any value at a given orbit circle.In addition to the external electricfield,we will also consider an homogeneous time-independent external magneticfield pointing in the negative direction of axis Z.The fourth component of Lorentz-Dirac equation(1)is then identically satisfied by z=0at any time.Equation (1)for the component along the X axis,x=−a cosωt,of charge1,can be combined with the component along the Y axis,y=a sinωt,of the same charge,in order to write them in terms of radial and tangential component9as follows:ˆt eE t+eE ext t− 2e2/3a2 β3γ4 =ˆr −maω2γ−eE r+eβB z+eβB ext z ,(6) where E ext t is the tangential component of the external electricalfield,B ext z is the external magneticfield along the negative axis Z,andγis the usual relativistic parameter given by(1−β2)−1/2.It is easy to show that charge2 also satisfies equation(6).From this equation,it follows that must have the following value:eE ext t= e2/a2 f(ϕ),(7) where function f(ϕ)is given by:f(ϕ)=(2/3)ϕ3cosϕ(cos2ϕ−ϕ2)−2−(a2/e)E t.(8) A detailed analysis shows that f(ϕ)is a positive strictly monotonous increas-ing function ofϕ.For this reason,for a given radius a and a given velocity v=aω,equation(7)determines a perfectly well-defined externalfield E ext t, which in turn imposes a restriction on parameters b and A in(5).The value of the external magneticfield B ext z obtained from(6),is the following:B ext z=(e/4ar0) 4ϕ cos2ϕ−ϕ2 −1/2+(r0/a)ϕ−1 4a2/e E tϕcosϕ+ 4a2/e E r(cosϕ+ϕsinϕ) ,(9) where r0=e2/mc2.For given radius and velocity,the above formula de-termines B ext z in a unique way.Forϕtending to zero in(9),B ext z tends to10infinity,so that the magneticfields compensate the repulsive electricfield force between the charges.Thefirst component of(1),representing the energy conservation law, reduces to:2e v·E ext= 4e2c/3a2 β4γ4− 4e2c/3a2 β4g(ϕ),(10) where g(ϕ)is given by:g(ϕ)= 3a2/2e ϕ−3cos3ϕE t.(11) Except for one factor,equation(10)coincides with equation(7).The left side of equation(10)corresponds to the rate at which the externalfield sup-plies energy to the system composed of the two charges.Now,the kinetic energy of the charges remains unchanged in this motion.Besides,the energy stored in thefield of the charges remains also unchanged,since the position of the charges at two different times cannot be distinguished.We empha-size that we need not pay attention to the precise definition of the concept of energy stored in thefield of the charges,since by the symmetry of the motion,this energy-whichever it may be-is time-independent.Therefore, according to the energy conservation law,all the power supplied to the sys-tem of two charges by the external electricfield must be radiated away.This means that the RHS of(10)corresponds to the total rate of radiation emitted by the two charges.But for known motion of the charges,Maxwell’s equa-tions determine thefield generated by the charges,which in turn determines the total rate of radiation for this motion.We carried out this somewhat11elaborated calculation in a separate paper[13].The total rate of radiation involves a Larmor term for each charge,plus an interference term due to the field of both charges.The Larmor terms for the two charges are precisely thefirst term on the RHS of(10),so its second term must coincide with the interference radiation term.If we put the interference radiation term in [13]in the form−(4e2c/3a2)β4I(ϕ);then,function I(ϕ)must coincide with function g(ϕ)in(11).We plotted these functions in Fig.1,showing that for velocities of the charges not close to the speed of light,function g(ϕ), which comes from Lorentz-Dirac equations,is qualitatively similar to I(ϕ). However,these functions are quantitatively different for any velocity of the charges,and therefore Lorentz-Dirac equations violate the energy conserva-tion law.We remark that if we consider only one charge in circular motion, as in the Sokolov-Kolesnikova solution[10],the contradiction with the en-ergy conservation law disappears,since in this case we have to take E t=0 in(11).The above discussion suggests that the source of troubles with the energy conservation law in Lorentz-Dirac equations for more than one charge,comes from an inappropriate consideration of the interference radiation between the charges.So,it seems natural to solve this problem by incorporating the in-terference radiation energy in the equations of motion.There are motions for which this program may succeed,as seems to be the case for the motion12considered herein.Nevertheless,this procedure may not work in all cases. Charges in close collision may present troubles,because the trick of oversim-plifying the relevance of thefields in the neighborhood of the singularities of the charges by means of the mass renormalization procedure may critically disturb the exchange of energy momentum between the singularities.This disturbance may lead to a violation of the energy conservation law.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe wish to thank N.Bralic,C.Dib,K.Lonsted,I.Schmidt,R.Tabensky,and D.Walgraef,for useful discussion.We also want to thank FONDECYT whose support through project92-0808has been determinant for the development of this research.13References[1]P.A.M.Dirac,Proc.R.Soc.London A167,148(1938).[2]F.Rohrlich,Classical Charged Particles(Addison-Wesley,Reading,Mass.1965).[3]C.J.Eliezer,Proc Camb.Philos.Soc.39,173(1943).[4]S.Parrott,Relativistic Electrodynamics and Differential Geometry(Springer-Verlag,New York,1987).[5]P.A.Clavier,Phys.Rev.124,616(1961).[6]G.N.Plass,Rev.Mod.Phys.33,37(1961).[7]W.E.Baylis and J.Huschilt,Phys.Rev.D13,3262(1976).[8]J.C.Kasher,Phys.Rev.D14,939(1976).[9]Due to a mistake,K.Briggs’solution(Phys.Rev.A37,977(1988))does not count.[10]A.A.Sokolov and I.M.Ternov,Radiation from Relativistic Electrons(Am.Ins.Phys.Trans.Series,New York,1976)p191,and references therein.See also Rohrlich[2],Section6-15.[11]A.A.Sokolov and I.M.Ternov,Synchrotron Radiation(PergamonPress,New York,1968).14[12]S.Krinsky,M.L.Perlman and R.E.Watson in Handbook on Syn-chrotron Radiation,Volume1a,edited by E.E.Koch(North-Holland Publishing Company,New York,1983).[13]D.Villarroel and R.Rivera(Unpublished).15FIGURE CAPTIONSFigure1:The solid line represents function I(ϕ)of the interference rate of radiation given by−(4e2c/3a2)β4I(ϕ).The dotted line represents the corresponding function g(ϕ)given by(11),for the interference rate according to Lorentz-Dirac equations.16This figure "fig1-1.png" is available in "png" format from: /ps/hep-ph/9412391v1。
